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Suzaku (satellite)

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(Redirected from ASTRO-E)

Suzaku (ASTRO-EII)
A picture of a fully integrated Astro-E2 before vibration tests at ISAS/JAXA.
NamesASTRO-EII
SATCAT no.28773
Websitewww.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/astro_e2
Mission duration2 years (planned)
10 years 1 month 23 days (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeASTRO
BusASTRO-E
ManufacturerToshiba[1]
Launch mass1,706 kg (3,761 lb) [2]
Dimensions2 metres x 5 metres
Power500 watts
Start of mission
Launch date10 July 2005, 03:30:00 UTC
RocketM-V # 6
Launch siteUchinoura Space Center,
Uchinoura, Kagoshima
End of mission
Deactivated2 September 2015
Decay dateNo earlier than 2020 [3]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Perigee altitude550 km (340 mi)
Apogee altitude550 km (340 mi)
Inclination31°
Period96 minutes
Instruments
X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2)
X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
SATCAT no.28773Edit this on WikidataMission durationFailed to orbit Spacecraft propertiesSpacecraft typeASTROBusASTRO-EManufacturerToshibaLaunch mass1600 kgDimensions2 metres x 5 metresPower500 watts Start of missionLaunch date10 February 2000, 01:30:00 UTCRocketM-V # 4Launch siteKagoshima Space Center End of missionDecay dateFailed to orbit Orbital parametersReference systemGeocentric orbit (planned)RegimeLow Earth orbitPerigee altitude550 km (340 mi)Apogee altitude550 km (340 mi)Inclination31.0°Period96.0 minutes InstrumentsX-ray Spectrometer (XRS)
X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
X-ray Telescope (XRT)

Suzaku (formerly ASTRO-EII) was an X-ray astronomy satellite developed jointly by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science at JAXA and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to probe high-energy X-ray sources, such as supernova explosions, black holes and galactic clusters. It was launched on 10 July 2005 aboard the M-V launch vehicle on the M-V-6 mission. After its successful launch, the satellite was renamed Suzaku after the mythical Vermilion bird of the South.[4]

Just weeks after launch, on 29 July 2005, the first of a series of cooling system malfunctions occurred. These ultimately caused the entire reservoir of liquid helium to boil off into space by 8 August 2005. This effectively shut down the X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2), which was the spacecraft's primary instrument. The two other instruments, the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) and the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD), were unaffected by the malfunction. As a result, another XRS was integrated into the Hitomi X-ray satellite, launched in 2016, which also was lost weeks after launch. A Hitomi successor, XRISM, launched on 7 September 2023, with an X-ray Spectrometer (Resolve) onboard as the primary instrument.

On 26 August 2015, JAXA announced that communications with Suzaku had been intermittent since 1 June 2015 and that the resumption of scientific operations would take a lot of work to accomplish, given the spacecraft's condition.[5] Mission operators decided to complete the mission imminently, as Suzaku had exceeded its design lifespan by eight years at this point. The mission came to an end on 2 September 2015, when JAXA commanded the radio transmitters on Suzaku to switch themselves off.[3][6]

Spacecraft instruments

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Suzaku carried high spectroscopic resolution, very wide energy band instruments for detecting signals ranging from soft X-rays up to gamma-rays (0.3–600 keV). High-resolution spectroscopy and wide-band are essential factors in physically investigating high-energy astronomical phenomena, such as black holes and supernovas. One such feature, the K-line (x-ray), may be key to more direct imaging of black holes.

  • X-ray Telescope (XRT)
  • X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2)
  • X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
  • Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
  • X-ray Telescope (XRT)
    X-ray Telescope (XRT)
  • Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
    Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
  • X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
    X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
  • X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)
    X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)

Results

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Suzaku discovered "fossil" light from a supernova remnant.[8]

ASTRO-E

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Suzaku was a replacement for ASTRO-E, which was lost in a launch failure. The M-V launch vehicle on the M-V-4 mission launched on 10 February 2000 at 01:30:00 UTC. It experienced a failure of 1st stage engine nozzle 42 seconds into the launch, causing control system breakdown and underperformance.[9][10] Later stages could not compensate for underperformance, leaving payload in 250 miles (400 km) x 50 miles (80 km) orbit and subsequent reentry and crashed with its payload into the Indian Ocean.[11][12]

References

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  1. ^ "Encyclopedia Astronautica – Toshiba". astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  2. ^ Kazuhisa Mitsuda (25 January 2007). "The X-Ray Observatory Suzaku". Astronomical Society of Japan. 59 (SP1): S1–S7. arXiv:astro-ph/0608100. Bibcode:2007PASJ...59....1T. doi:10.1093/pasj/59.1.1. S2CID 17354373. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  3. ^ a b Stephen Clark (4 September 2015). "Japanese X-ray observatory completes decade-long mission". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  4. ^ すざく（朱雀、Suzaku）命名の理由 2005 JAXA
  5. ^ "X-ray Astronomy Satellite "Suzaku" Completes Scientific Mission". National Research and Development Agency (JAXA). 26 August 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  6. ^ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ^ a b Tadayuki Takahashi (25 January 2007). "Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on Board Suzaku". Astronomical Society of Japan. 59 (SP1): S23–S33. doi:10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S23. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  8. ^ Suzaku Finds "Fossil" Fireballs from Supernovae 12.30.09 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ "History ｜ ISAS". History. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  10. ^ "1 How did M-V-4 fly?". www.isas.jaxa.jp. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  11. ^ Ray, Justin (10 February 2000). "Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | Astro-E believed lost following botched launch". spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  12. ^ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Further reading

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