List of Virginia suffragists
This is a list of Virginia suffragists, suffrage groups and others associated with the cause of women's suffrage in Virginia.
 |
Groups
[edit]- Bedford Equal Suffrage League.[1]
- Equal Suffrage League of Fredericksburg.[2]
- Equal Suffrage League of Highland Springs.[3]
- Equal Suffrage League of Lynchburg.[3]
- Equal Suffrage League of Norfolk.[2]
- Equal Suffrage League of Williamsburg.[3]
- Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, formed in 1909.[4]
- Men's Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, formed in 1912.[5]
- Newport News Equal Suffrage League.[4]
- Virginia Beach National Woman's Party.[6]
- Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, created in 1907.[7]
- Virginia Suffrage Association (formerly Virginia Suffrage Society) formed in 1893.[4]
- Virginia Branch of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage formed in 1915.[8]
Suffragists
[edit]
- Pauline Adams (Norfolk).[1]
- Lillie Barbour.[9]
- Janie Porter Barrett (Hampton).[9]
- Kate Waller Barrett (Alexandria).[10]
- Anna Whitehead Bodeker (1826–1904) – leader of the earliest attempts to organize for suffrage in Virginia; co-founder and inaugural president of Virginia State Woman Suffrage Association, the first suffrage association in Virginia.[10]
- Kate Langley Bosher (Richmond).[10]
- Rosa Dixon Bowser (Richmond).[1]
- Martha Haines Butt.[11]
- Anne Atkinson Burmeister Chamberlayne[12]
- Adèle Clark (Richmond).[1]
- Mary Ellen Pollard Clarke[13]
- Elizabeth Cooke (Norfolk).[14]
- Edith Clark Cowles (Richmond).[1]
- Anne Clay Crenshaw (Richmond).[4]
- Blanche Culpeper[15]
- Janet Stuart Oldershaw Durham[12]
- Janetta R. FitzHugh (Fredericksburg).[2]
- Ellen Glasgow (Richmond).[10]
- Nora Houston (Richmond).[1][15]
- Maude Jamison (Norfolk).[1][6]
- Julia S. Jennings[13]
- Eugenia Jobson.[9]
- Maria I. Johnston (Fredericksburg).[16]
- Mary Johnston (Richmond).[14]
- Emma Lee Kelley[13]
- Fannie Bayly King.[9][15]
- Orra Gray Langhorne (Lynchburg).[4]
- Elizabeth Langhorne Lewis[13]
- Mary Morris Hall Lockwood[13][12]
- Lucy Randolph Mason (Richmond).[1][14]
- Nell Mercer (Norfolk).[6]
- Sophie G. Meredith (Richmond).[6]
- Faith W. Morgan.[17]
- Mary-Cooke Branch Munford (Richmond).[10]
- Josephine Mathews Norcom[13]
- Elizabeth Lewis Otey[13][12]
- Rosewell Page.[18]
- Millie Paxton (Roanoke).[1]
- Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon.[1]
- Mary Bell Perkins[12]
- Agnes Dillon Randolph (Richmond).[1][12]
- Eudora Ramsay Richardson.[1]
- Sally Nelson Robins (Richmond).[14]
- Ellen Robinson.[17]
- Ora Brown Stokes.[1]
- Alice Overbey Taylor.[3]
- Ida Mae Thompson (Richmond).[1]
- Clayton Torrence.[19]
- Jessie Fremont Easton Townsend (Norfolk).[2]
- Lyon G. Tyler (Williamsburg).[9]
- Lila Meade Valentine (Richmond).[10]
- Maggie L. Walker (Richmond).[1][12]
- Roberta Wellford[13]
- Annie Barna Whitner[13]
- Sarah Harvie Wormeley.[9]
- Eugenie Macon Yancey (Bedford).[1][12]
Politicians supporting women's suffrage
[edit]- Richard Lewis Brewer, Jr.[15][20]
- Charles Carlin (originally opposed)[15]
- Howard T. Colvin.[19]
- Howard Cecil Gilmer.[18]
- Thomas Lomax Hunter.[18][20]
- Allan Jones.[18]
- Wyndham R. Mayo (Norfolk).[9][15]
- Hill Montague (Richmond).[19]
- John Garland Pollard[15]
- John R. Saunders[15]
- Elbert Lee Trinkle[15]
- Junius E. West[21]
Places
[edit]Publications
[edit]- The Virginia Suffrage News, published monthly starting in 1914.[23][5] Managed by Alice Overbey Taylor.[3]
Suffragists who campaigned in Virginia
[edit]
- Susan B. Anthony.[24]
- William Jennings Bryan.[25]
- Carrie Chapman Catt.[18]
- Pauline Wright Davis.[24]
- Matilda Joslyn Gage.[24]
- Joy Montgomery Higgins.[3]
- Josephine Miller.[25]
- Mabel Vernon.[26]
- Emma Howard Wight.[27]
- Elizabeth Upham Yates.[24]
Anti-suffragists in Virginia
[edit]- Maria Blair (Richmond).[28][29]
- Jane M. Rutherford.[30][29]
- Molly Elliot Seawell[29]
- Catherine Coles Valentine[29]
- Mary Mason Anderson Williams[29]
- Margaret Wilmer[29]
Politicians
Groups
- Virginia Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (VAOWS), formed in 1912.[28]
See also
[edit]- Timeline of women's suffrage in Virginia
- Women's suffrage in Virginia
- Women's suffrage in the United States
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Julienne, Mari (2020-08-19). ""When Victory Really Came" : Virginia Women Who Fought for the Vote". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
- ^ a b c d Julienne, Mari (2019-08-21). "Equal Suffrage League of Virginia Records are coming to Making History: Transcribe". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Harper 1922, p. 666.
- ^ a b c d e "Women's Suffrage in Virginia". Virginia Places. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
- ^ a b "Women's Suffrage in Virginia". W&M Women's Law Society. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ a b c d "Suffragists in Virginia". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ a b Coker, Kathy (2020-04-23). "A Glimpse at Virginia's Organized Woman Suffrage Movement: Part II". Richmond Public Library. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ Julienne, Mari (2020). ""Freedom, Justice And True Democracy": The Virginia Branch Of The Congressional Union For Woman Suffrage". The UncommonWealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Julienne, Mari (2020-04-15). "'Secure the Suffrage for Women on Equal Terms with Men' : The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ a b c d e f McDaid, Jennifer Davis. "Woman Suffrage in Virginia". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ Van Zelm, Antoinette G. (23 September 2013). "Butt, Martha Haines (1833–1871)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Juliene, Mari (2021). "'Her Prospects Of Election': Virginia Women Run For Office". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Tarter, Brent, Marianne E. Julienne, and Barbara C. Batson (2020). The Campaign for Woman Suffrage in Virginia. Charleston, S.C.: The History Press. pp. 104–105, 165. ISBN 978-1-4671-4419-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Harper 1922, p. 667.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tarter, Brent (2021). "'Why Should Not Women Vote?' – Virginia Men Who Supported Woman Suffrage". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 668.
- ^ a b c d e f Harper 1922, p. 671.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 669.
- ^ a b Tarter, Brent (2020). ""On The List Of Those Who Will Vote For Woman Suffrage": Virginia Women Lobby The General Assembly". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ Tarter, Brent (2020). "'Virginia Ready For Women To Vote': The General Assembly Authorizes Women To Vote In 1920". The UnCommonWealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ "Virginia and the 19th Amendment". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ Johnson, Olin (2017). "Virginia Suffrage News". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ a b c d Anthony 1902, p. 964.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 670.
- ^ Julienne, Mari (2020-06-10). "'Freedom, justice and true democracy': The Virginia Branch of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ Keelor, Josette (11 October 2019). "The three women of Fisher's Hill". The Northern Virginia Daily. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ a b Deal, John (2020-06-17). "Woman Suffrage - The Vanguard of Socialism". The UncommonWealth. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Deal, John (2020). "'Woman Suffrage — The Vanguard Of Socialism'". The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ Graham 1993, p. 233.
Sources
[edit]- Anthony, Susan B. (1902). Anthony, Susan B.; Harper, Ida Husted (eds.). The History of Woman Suffrage. Vol. 4. Indianapolis: The Hollenbeck Press.
- Graham, Sara Hunter (April 1993). "Woman Suffrage in Virginia: The Equal Suffrage League and Pressure-Group Politics, 1909-1920". Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 101 (2): 227–250. JSTOR 4249352 – via JSTOR.
- Harper, Ida Husted (1922). The History of Woman Suffrage. New York: J.J. Little & Ives Company.
External links
[edit]- Suffragists in Virginia History
- We Demand: Women's Suffrage in Virginia
- Virginia Suffrage issues available online via Virginia Chronicle