List of sovereign states in the 1900s
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This is a list of sovereign states in the 1900s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1900 and 31 December 1909. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 119 widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
[edit]Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty | |
---|---|---|
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A[edit] | ||
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Abuja – Abuja Emirate (to 1902) Capital: Abuja |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Kutaraja |
Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Annexed by the Netherlands in 1903. | |
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![]() ![]() |
De facto independent state. Annexed by Bolivia from 15 March to November 1900, from 24 December 1900 to 27 January 1903, and from 11 November 1903. | |
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Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr (to 1900) Capital: Agadez |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1900.[1] | |
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![]() Capital: Andorra la Vella |
Widely recognized state. the President of France and Bishop of Urgell are ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra.[2] | |
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Angoche – Angoche Sultanate Capital: Angoche |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Mbarara |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 25 October 1901.[3] | |
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![]() Capital: Buenos Aires |
Widely recognized state. Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city. | |
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![]() Capital: Arochukwu |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in January 1902. | |
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![]() Capital: Kumasi |
Widely recognized state. Anexed by the United Kingdom on 1 January 1902. | |
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![]() Capital: Aussa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Melbourne (de facto seat of government) |
Widely recognized state from 1 January 1901.[4] Australia is a federation of six states and three territories, and is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia has 1 External Territory:
| |
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![]() Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) |
Widely recognized state. Austria-Hungary has 1 concession and 1 condominium:
| |
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B[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Klungkung |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the Netherlands on 18 April 1908. | |
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![]() Capital: Brussels |
Widely recognized state. Belgium has 1 colony and 1 concession:
| |
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Bhutan Capital: Punakha
|
Widely recognized state. | |
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Biu – Biu Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Biu |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1900. | |
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![]() Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Brakna – Brakna Emirate (to October 18, 1904) Capital: Aleg |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by France on 18 October 1904. | |
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![]() Capital: Rio de Janeiro |
Widely recognized state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[a] | |
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![]() Capital: Sofia
|
De facto independent state until October 5, 1908. Widely recognized state from October 5, 1908.[5] | |
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![]() Capital: Bugembe |
Widely recognized state. Abandoned in 1906. | |
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C[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Ottawa |
Widely recognized state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. | |
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![]() Capital: Champasak |
Vassal of Siam until 1904. Annexed by France on November 22, 1904. | |
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![]() Capital: Santiago |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Peking |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom (to 1908) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by Portugal in 1908. | |
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![]() Capital: Bogotá |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Boma |
Widely recognized state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium. Annexed by Belgium on November 15, 1908. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: San José |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Havana |
Widely recognized state from May 20, 1902. Annexed by the United States of America from September 28, 1906 to February 6, 1909. | |
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D[edit] | ||
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Damagaram – Sultanate of Damagaram (to 1902) Capital: Zinder |
Widely recognized state to 1902. Annexed by France in 1902. | |
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Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti Capital: N'Délé |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: El Fasher |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Dendi – Dendi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Lulami |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1901. | |
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![]() Capital: Copenhagen |
Widely recognized state. Denmark has 1 colony and 1 dependency and 1 territory:
| |
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![]() Capital: Dhala |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1904. | |
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![]() Capital: Santo Domingo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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E[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Quito |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: San Salvador |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Addis Ababa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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F[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Paris |
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France:
| |
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G[edit] | ||
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Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi (to September 3, 1908) Capital: Afgooye |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by Italy on September 3, 1908. | |
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![]() Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:
| |
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![]() Capital: Athens |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Jongaya |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Guatemala City |
Widely recognized state. | |
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H[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Ha'il |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Port-au-Prince |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Tegucigalpa |
Widely recognized state. | |
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I[edit] | ||
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Igala – Igala Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Idah |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Igara – Kingdom of Igara (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901. | |
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Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀ |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized state. Italy had two colonies and one concession:
| |
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J[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Tokyo City |
Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following protectorates, dependencies and concessions: | |
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![]() Capital: Johor Bahru |
Widely recognized state. | |
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K[edit] | ||
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Kajara – Kajara Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901. | |
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![]() Capital: Takai |
Vassal of the Sokoto Caliphate. Annexed by the United Kingdom on February 3, 1903. | |
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Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate (to 1902) Capital: Argungu |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1902. | |
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![]() Capital: Hanseong |
Widely recognized state. to November 17, 1905. Became a Japanese protectorate on November 17, 1905. | |
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L[edit] | ||
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Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Lafia |
Widely recognized state to. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1900. | |
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![]() Capital: Monrovia |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Vaduz |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Luxembourg City |
Widely recognized state. | |
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M[edit] | ||
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Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Mexico City |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Monaco |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Cetinje |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Fes |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Muscat |
De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate. | |
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Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr (to 1908) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
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N[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Amsterdam |
Widely recognized state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies: | |
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![]() Capital: St. John's |
Widely recognized state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. | |
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![]() Capital: Wellington |
Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand:
| |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Managua |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Niue – Kingdom of Niue-Fekai (to October 20, 1900) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on April 21, 1900. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Christiania |
Widely recognized state. In personal union with Sweden until June 7, 1905. Norway had three uninhabited possessions: | |
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Nri – Kingdom of Nri Capital: Igbo-Ukwu |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Nshenyi – Nshenyi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by Ankole in 1901. | |
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O[edit] | ||
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Obwera – Obwera Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by Ankole in 1901. | |
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Onitsha – Onitsha Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Onitsha |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Bloemfontein |
Widely recognized state. Independent Annexed by the United Kingdom in May 31, 1902. | |
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Oron – Oron Nation (to 1909) Capital: Oron |
Widely recognized state to 1909. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1909. | |
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![]() Capital: Constantinople |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are autonomous territories of the Ottoman Empire: | |
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P[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Panama City |
Widely recognized state from November 3, 1903.[7] | |
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![]() Capital: Asunción |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Patani |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by Siam in 1902. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Tehran |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Lima |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Several temporary capitals |
De facto independent state to March 23, 1901. | |
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![]() Capital: Lisbon |
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal:
| |
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Potiskum – Potiskum Emirate (to 1901) Capital: Potiskum |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901. | |
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R[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: Riyadh |
Widely recognized state from January 15, 1902. | |
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![]() Capital: Bucharest |
Widely recognized state. | |
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Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901. | |
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Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 1901. | |
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![]() Capital: Saint Petersburg |
Widely recognized state. Russia had two protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy: | |
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S[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: San Marino |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Belgrade |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Kota Mambang Segara |
Widely recognized state. | |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Bangkok |
Widely recognized state. Siam has one vassal state:
| |
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![]() Capital: Sokoto |
Widely recognized state to July 29, 1903. Annexed by the United Kingdom. | |
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![]() Capital: Madrid |
Widely recognized independent state. Spain had three colonies, and two possessions:
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![]() Capital: Bremersdorp |
Widely recognized independent state to June 1902. | |
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![]() Capital: Stockholm, Christiania |
Personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway to June 7, 1905. Union Badge removed November 1, 1905. | |
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Stockholm |
Widely recognized independent state. In personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905.[b] | |
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![]() Capital: Bern |
Widely recognized independent state. Switzerland was a federation of 25 cantons.[c] | |
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T[edit] | ||
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Tagant – Emirate of Tagant (to 1905) Capital: Tidjikja |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Nuku'alofa |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Pretoria |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Trarza – Emirate of Trarza (to December 15, 1902) Capital: Mederdra |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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U[edit] | ||
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![]() Capital: London |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
| |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Washington D.C. |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are territories of the United States of America:
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Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (to 5 February 1904) Capital: Sa'id |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 5 February 1904. | |
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Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (to 23 April 1904) Capital: Nişāb |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 23 April 1904. | |
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![]() Capital: Mahjaba |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1903. | |
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![]() Capital: Montevideo |
Widely recognized state. | |
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V[edit] | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Caracas |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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W[edit] | ||
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Wadai – Wadai Empire Capital: Abéché |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq (to 1906) Capital: Tosora |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Wukari – Wukari Federation (to 1900) Capital: Wukari |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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States claiming sovereignty[edit] | ||
![]() Capital: Chita |
Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Noh Kah Balam Nah Chan Santa Cruz |
De facto independent state. Reannexed to Mexico from May 5, 1901. | |
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![]() Capital: Taleh |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Gurian Republic (from 1902 to 1906) Capital: Ozurgeti |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Jungle Nation – Jungle Republic (to February 27, 1900) Capital: Moyobamba |
Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Khiva |
Semi-independent state. Under Russian protection. | |
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![]() Capital: Kruševo |
De facto independent state. | |
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![]() Capital: Bacolod |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Shuliavka Republic (from December 12 to December 16, 1905) Capital: Shuliavka |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Shuntian Kingdom – Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun (from January 28 to January 31, 1903) Capital: Guangzhou |
Unrecognized state from January 28 to January 31, 1903.[10] | |
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![]() Capital: Malko Tarnovo |
Unrecognized state. | |
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![]() Capital: Morong |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Notes
[edit]- ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre (from 30 April 1904). 1 Federal District: Federal District.
- ^ Union Badge removed November 1, 1905.
- ^ 25 Cantons: Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Glarus, Graubünden, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zürich
References
[edit]- ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ^ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-01-06, retrieved 2022-02-05
- ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Australia", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-20, retrieved 2021-10-26
- ^ "Bulgaria at the end of the 19th-century". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
- ^ Pérez, Louis A. (1998). Cuba Between Empires: 1878–1902. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Pre. p. xv. ISBN 978-0-8229-7197-9. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Panama", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-19, retrieved 2021-10-26
- ^ Koch, Margaret L. (1977). "Patani and the Development of A Thai State". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 50 (2 (232)): 69–88. JSTOR 41492172.
- ^ The United States Military Government of Porto Rico became the Insular Government of Porto Rico on April 12, 1900.
- ^ Rong, Yuan. "洪秀全后裔今何在 [Where are the descendants of Hong Xiuquan]". Zhoumo News. Archived from the original on 2014-05-06. Retrieved October 27, 2021.