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Russian Civil War
Part of the Russian Revolution, the aftermath of World War I, and the interwar period

Clockwise from top left:
Date7 November 191716 June 1923[g][1][2]
(5 years, 7 months, 1 week and 2 days)
Peace treaties
Location
Result

Bolshevik victory
See This template is currently non-functional due to T39256.

Territorial
changes
Establishment of the Soviet Union, the Mongolian People's Republic and Tanna Tuva
Main belligerents
Also:
South Russia
(1917–19; Mar–Apr,
Apr–Nov 1920)
  • Russian State
    (1918–20)
  • Priamurye
    (after 1921)

  • Poland
    (1918–21)
  • Ukraine
    (1917–18; 1918–20)
  • Finland[a]
    (1917–18)
  • Belarus
    (1918–20)
  • Estonia
    (1918–20)
  •  Latvia
    (1918–20)
  • Lithuania
    (1918–20)
  • Also:

    Left SRs[b]
    (1917–21)
  • Green Army[c]
    (1918–21)
  • Makhnovshchina[d]
    (1918–21)
  • Kronstadt rebels
    (1921)
  •  Japan[e]
    (1918–22)
  •  United Kingdom
    (1918–20)
  •  United States
    (1918–20)
  •  France
    (1918–20)
  •  Czechoslovakia
    (1918–20)
  • Also:
     Germany
    (1917–18; Weimar Republic 1919)
  •  Austria-Hungary
    (1917–18)
  •  Ottoman Empire
    (1917–18; 1920–21)
  • Freikorps
    (1918–19)
  • Also:
    Commanders and leaders
    Vladimir Lenin
    Leon Trotsky
    Yakov Sverdlov 
    Jukums Vācietis
    Sergey Kamenev
    Nikolai Podvoisky
    Nikolai Krylenko
    Joseph Stalin
    Yukhym Medvedev
    Vilhelm Knorin
    Alexander Krasnoshchyokov
    Alexander Kerensky Surrendered
    Alexander Kolchak Executed
    Lavr Kornilov 
    Anton Denikin
    Pyotr Wrangel
    Nikolai Yudenich
    Grigory Semyonov
    Yevgeny Miller
    Mikhail Diterikhs
    Don Republic Pyotr Krasnov
    Roman von Ungern-Sternberg Executed
    Poland Józef Piłsudski
    Symon Petliura
    C.G.E. Mannerheim
    Belarusian Democratic Republic S. Bułak-Bałachowicz
    Konstantin Päts
    Jānis Čakste
    Antanas Smetona
    Ion Inculeț
    Democratic Republic of Georgia Noe Zhordania
    A. Khatisian
    Nasib Yusifbeyli 
    Enver Pasha 
    Vladimir Volsky
    Maria Spiridonova
    Nykyfor Hryhoriv 
    Nestor Makhno
    Stepan Petrichenko
    and others

    Otani Kikuzo
    Edmund Ironside
    William S. Graves
    Czechoslovakia Radola Gajda
    Maurice Janin
    Poland Ludomir Junosza-Stępowski 

    and others
    German Empire H. von Eichhorn 
    Ottoman Empire Nuri Pasha
    Jan Sierada
    Pavlo Skoropadskyi
    P. Bermondt-Avalov
    and others
    Strength

    Makhnovtsi:
    103,000 (peak)[4]
  • Green Army:
    70,000 (peak)
  • Kronstadt Mutineers:
    17,961
  • Local forces:

    Japanese Army: 70,000 (peak)
  • Czechoslovak Legion: 50,000 (peak)
  • Also:

    German Army:
    ~547,000 (peak)

    Ottoman Empire Ottoman Army:
    20,000 (peak)

    Also:
    Casualties and losses
    ~1,500,000[6] ~1,500,000[6]
    Czechoslovakia 13,000 killed
  • 6,500 killed
  • United Kingdom 938+ killed[8]
  • United States 596 killed
  • Romania 350 killed
  • Kingdom of Greece 179 killed
  • Poland ~250,000
    • 57,000 killed
    • 113,000 wounded
    • 50,000 POWs
    ~125,000
    • 15,000 killed
    ~5,000
    • 3,500 killed
    • 1,650 executed/dead
    ~3,000 killed
  • Estonia 3,888 killed
  • Latvia 3,046 killed
  • 1,444 killed[9]
  • Sweden 55 killed
    [citation needed]

  • German Empire 500 killed

    7,000,000–12,000,000 total casualties, including
    civilians and non-combatants

    1–2 million refugees outside Russia


    Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

    1. ^ Mawdsley 2007, pp. 3, 230.
    2. ^ Последние бои на Дальнем Востоке. М., Центрполиграф, 2005.
    3. ^ Erickson 1984, p. 763.
    4. ^ Belash, Victor & Belash, Aleksandr, Dorogi Nestora Makhno, p. 340
    5. ^ Damien Wright, Churchill's Secret War with Lenin: British and Commonwealth Military Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918–20, Solihull, UK, 2017, pp. 394, 526–528, 530–535; Clifford Kinvig, Churchill's Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia 1918–1920, London 2006, ISBN 1-85285-477-4, p. 297; Timothy Winegard, The First World Oil War, University of Toronto Press (2016), p. 229
    6. ^ a b Smele 2016, p. 160.
    7. ^ Krivosheev 1997, p. 7-38.
    8. ^ Wright, Damien (2017). Churchill's Secret War with Lenin: British and Commonwealth Military Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918–20'. Solihull, UK: Helion and Company. pp. 490–492, 498–500, 504. ISBN 978-1911512103.; Kinvig 2006, pp. 289, 315; Winegard, Timothy (2016). The First World Oil War. University of Toronto Press. p. 208.
    9. ^ Eidintas, Žalys & Senn 1999, p. 30.