ˤ

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ˤ U+02E4, ˤ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
ˣ
[U+02E3]
Spacing Modifier Letters ˥
[U+02E5]

ˁ U+02C1, ˁ
MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
ˀ
[U+02C0]
Spacing Modifier Letters ˂
[U+02C2]
U+02C1 ⟨ˁ⟩ may be used to digitize a gelded reversed question mark, contrasting with U+02E4 ⟨ˤ⟩ for pharyngealization.

Translingual

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Symbol

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ˤ

  1. (IPA) pharyngealization (that is, [ʕ]-coloring, of a pharyngealized consonant or vowel).
  2. (IPA, less commonly) [ʕ]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [ʡˤ], sometimes implying an affricate [ʡ͜ʕ]); or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʕ].
  3. (Egyptological transliteration) (ayin).
  4. (NAPA, dated) marks an implosive consonant ().
    Iconically this is a reversed ejective consonant .

Usage notes

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The difference between the Unicode characters U+02C1 ⟨ˁ⟩ and U+02E4 ⟨ˤ⟩ is not well defined.

  • U+02C1 (modifier reversed glottal stop) is given as a typographic alternate of the Egyptological ayin, U+02BF ⟨ꜥ⟩, which would be transcribed in IPA with the letter U+0295 ⟨ʕ⟩.
  • U+02E4 (modifier small reversed glottal stop) is defined as a superscript IPA letter U+0295 ⟨ʕ⟩,[1] and the IPA identifies it as the character for pharyngealization.[2]
    The 'small' in the name (normally meaning 'lower-case' in Unicode) is misleading, as the letter ⟨ʕ⟩ is unicase.

U+02C1 may be set as a dotless reversed question mark , contrasting with 02E4 set as a superscript ⟨ʕ⟩. However, depending on the typeface, there may be no graphic difference between 02C1 and 02E4.

References

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