于
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]于 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一木 (MD), four-corner 10400, composition ⿱一𬺰 or ⿻二亅 or ⿻丁一)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 252
- Dae Jaweon: page 177, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E8E
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 于 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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File:ACC-b07216.svg b07216 File:ACC-b07221.svg b07221 File:ACC-b07225.svg b07225 File:ACC-b07232.svg b07232 | ||||
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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侉 | *qaːls |
夸 | *kʰʷraː |
姱 | *kʰʷraː |
胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
誇 | *kʰʷraː |
垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
刳 | *kʰʷaː |
郀 | *kʰʷaː |
挎 | *kʰʷaː |
袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
恗 | *qʰaː |
洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
杇 | *qʷaː |
圬 | *qʷaː |
鴮 | *qʷaː |
盓 | *qʷaː |
汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
盱 | *qʰʷa |
訏 | *qʰʷa |
扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
旴 | *qʰʷa |
冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
紆 | *qʷa |
陓 | *qʷa |
迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
虶 | *qʷa |
于 | *ɢʷa |
盂 | *ɢʷa |
竽 | *ɢʷa |
邘 | *ɢʷa |
玗 | *ɢʷa |
芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
杅 | *ɢʷa |
釪 | *ɢʷa |
骬 | *ɢʷa |
謣 | *ɢʷla |
宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |
Pictogram (象形) . Two possibilities for the object of representation are:
- An ancient wind instrument; early form of 竽 (OC *ɢʷa). This view is supported by mainstream palaeography.
- Exhaled air; early form of 吁 (OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas, “to sigh”). Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 一 (“flat stream of air”) + 丂 (“to exhale”). Compare 乎, 兮, 号.
Etymology 1
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 于 – see 於 (“Etymology 1”). (This character is the simplified form of 於). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
于 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 亐 ancient 亏 ancient 丂 * | |
* premodern lexicology definition |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-wa-ŋ (“to go; to come”). Related to 往 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, “to go to, to, towards”). Merged with 於 (OC *qaː, *qa) by the classical times.
The pronunciation of 於 (Etymology 1) in Mandarin is innovative from the regular reflex of Middle Chinese and hence Etymology 1 and 2 are homophonic in Mandarin.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: hju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷ(r)a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷa/
Definitions
[edit]于
Etymology 3
[edit]simp. and trad. |
于 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 亐 ancient 亏 ancient |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu1 / jyu4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): û / u / î
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1iu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu1 / jyu4
- Yale: yū / yùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy1 / jy4
- Guangdong Romanization: yu1 / yu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː⁵⁵/, /jyː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
- Tâi-lô: û
- Phofsit Daibuun: uu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /u²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: u
- Tâi-lô: u
- Phofsit Daibuun: w
- IPA (Quanzhou): /u³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /u⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
- Tâi-lô: î
- Phofsit Daibuun: ii
- IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: hju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷ(r)a/, /*ɦʷa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷa/
Definitions
[edit]于
- a surname
- 于禁 ― Yú Jìn ― Yu Jin (Chinese military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
- Used in several names and proper nouns.
Usage notes
[edit]The surname 于 is to be distinguished from another surname 於. The surname 於 is still 於 in simplified Chinese.
Etymology 4
[edit]simp. and trad. |
于 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 亐 ancient 亏 ancient |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yu
- Wade–Giles: yü1
- Yale: yū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]于
Etymology 5
[edit]simp. and trad. |
于 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 亐 ancient 亏 ancient |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syu
- Wade–Giles: hsü1
- Yale: syū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: heoi1
- Yale: hēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoey1
- Guangdong Romanization: hêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]于
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]于 (eum 우 (u))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]于: Hán Nôm readings: vu, vo, vò
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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