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See also:
U+6557, 敗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6557

[U+6556]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6558]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 66, +7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金人大 (BCOK), four-corner 68840, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 471, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13227
  • Dae Jaweon: page 824, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1462, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6557

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *praːds, *braːds) : phonetic (OC *paːds) + semantic (strike).

Etymology

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Possibly Sino-Tibetan. According to Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019), the modern meaning of the word originated from a semantic narrowing of its original sense "to break", thus making it cognate with Situ ka-prāt (to break) and also Japhug prɤt (to break).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /pai⁵¹/
Harbin /pai⁵³/
Tianjin /pai⁵³/
Jinan /pɛ²¹/
Qingdao /pɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pai³¹²/
Xi'an /pai⁴⁴/
Xining /pɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /pɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /pɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /pai²¹³/
Wuhan /pai³⁵/
Chengdu /pai¹³/
Guiyang /pai²¹³/
Kunming /pæ²¹²/
Nanjing /pae⁴⁴/
Hefei /pe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /pai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /pæ³⁵/
Hohhot /pɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ba²³/
Suzhou /bɑ³¹/
Hangzhou /be̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ba²²/
Hui Shexian /pʰa²²/
Tunxi /pʰa¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pai⁵⁵/
/pai¹¹/
Xiangtan /bai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /pʰai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /pʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /pʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pai²²/
Nanning /pai²²/
Hong Kong /pai²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pai²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pai⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /pai³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbai³³/ 失~
/ʔbai²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (3) (1)
Final () (29) (29)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Baxter baejH paejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bˠaiH/ /pˠaiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/bᵚaiH/ /pᵚaiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/baiH/ /paiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/baɨjsH/ /paɨjsH/
Li
Rong
/baiH/ /paiH/
Wang
Li
/bæiH/ /pæiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱaiH/ /paiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bài bài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
baai6 baai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bài bài
Middle
Chinese
‹ bæjH › ‹ pæjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-pˁra[t]-s/ /*pˁra[t]-s/
English suffer defeat defeat (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 421 422
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*praːds/ /*braːds/

Definitions

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  1. to lose (a game); to be defeated
    [MSC, trad.]
    [MSC, simp.]
    Jiǎ duì yǐ yī bǐ èr bài yú yǐ duì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. to fail
      ―  chéngbài  ―  success or failure
  3. (transitive) to defeat
  4. to tarnish; to ruin; to destroy
      ―  bàijiā  ―  to squander a family fortune
    名裂名裂  ―  shēnbàimíngliè  ―  to have one's reputation destroyed
    傷風伤风  ―  shāngfēngbài  ―  to corrupt public morals
  5. to wither and fall
    枯枝枯枝  ―  kūzhībài  ―  withered branches and leaves
    菊花菊花  ―  Júhuā bài le.  ―  The chrysanthemums have withered.
  6. dilapidated; worn-out; (of clothing) tattered
      ―  bài  ―  worn cotton wool
  7. to rot; rotten
  8. to remove; to get rid of
      ―  bàihuǒ  ―  to relieve internal heat

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of to lose): (shèng)
  • (antonym(s) of to fail): (chéng)

See also

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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Thai: พ่าย (pâai)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Counter

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(はい) (-hai

  1. losses

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC baejH|paejH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뺑〮 (Yale: ppáy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄒᆡ〮야〮딜 (Yale: hóyyátìl) 패〯 (Yale: phǎy)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰɛ(ː)] ~ [pʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (jil pae))

  1. hanja form? of (defeat; loss) [noun]

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: bại, bậy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.