牢
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]牢 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十竹手 (JHQ), four-corner 30502, composition ⿱宀牛)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 698, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19934
- Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1802, character 6
- Unihan data for U+7262
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
牢 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 牢 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nao2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lou4
- Jin (Wiktionary): lau1
- Eastern Min (BUC): lò̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6lau / 2lau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lau2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: láo
- Wade–Giles: lao2
- Yale: láu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
- Palladius: лао (lao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nao2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lao
- Sinological IPA (key): /nau²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lou4
- Yale: lòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou4
- Guangdong Romanization: lou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lou̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lau1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lau¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lò̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃o⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
- Tâi-lô: lâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: laau
- IPA (Xiamen): /lau²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu
- Tâi-lô: láu
- Phofsit Daibuun: lao
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
- Tâi-lô: lôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: loo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- lâu - vernacular;
- tiâu/láu - vernacular (俗);
- lô/lô͘ - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 牢 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /lɑu³⁵/ |
Harbin | /lau²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /lɑu⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /lɔ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /lɔ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /lau⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /lau²⁴/ | |
Xining | /lɔ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /lɔ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /lɔ⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /lɔ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /nau²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /nau³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /nao²¹/ | |
Kunming | /lɔ³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /lɔo²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /lɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /lau¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /lɔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /lɔ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /lɔ²³/ |
Suzhou | /læ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /lɔ²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /lɜ³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /lɔ⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /lə⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /lau¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /naɯ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /lɑu⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /lau¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lou²¹/ |
Nanning | /lu²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /lou²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lau³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lo⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /lau³³/ 名 /lau²¹/ 形 | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /lo⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /lau³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: law
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ruː/
Definitions
[edit]牢
- pen; enclosure
- prison; jail
- firm; fast; durable
- 牢固 ― láogù ― firm; durable
- dependable; reliable
- animal used for sacrificing
- 太牢 ― tàiláo ― animal used for sacrificing
- with grievance and toil
- (Northern Wu) indicates continuous aspect
- 抱牢勿放 [Shanghainese] ― 6bau-lau6 8veq-faon5 [Wugniu] ― holding on, not letting go
- 捏牢 [Suzhounese] ― 8gniaq 2lau [Wugniu] ― kneading
- a surname: Lao
Synonyms
[edit]- (pen): 圈 (juàn)
- (prison):
- (firm):
- (dependable):
Compounds
[edit]- 不牢 (bùláo)
- 中牢
- 久慣牢成/久惯牢成
- 亡羊補牢/亡羊补牢 (wángyángbǔláo)
- 劫牢
- 南牢
- 吃牢
- 命不牢
- 囚牢 (qiúláo)
- 地牢 (dìláo)
- 坐牢 (zuòláo)
- 堅牢/坚牢 (jiānláo)
- 夜役軍牢/夜役军牢
- 大牢 (dàláo)
- 大發牢騷/大发牢骚
- 太牢 (tàiláo)
- 天牢
- 套牢 (tàoláo)
- 女牢
- 少牢 (shàoláo)
- 打鳳牢龍/打凤牢龙
- 抓牢
- 把牢 (bǎláo)
- 押牢
- 拖牢洞
- 持牢
- 搜牢
- 提牢
- 提牢官
- 死囚牢
- 滿肚牢騷/满肚牢骚
- 滿腹牢騷/满腹牢骚
- 牛驥共牢/牛骥共牢
- 牢不可拔
- 牢不可破 (láobùkěpò)
- 牢九
- 牢固 (láogù)
- 牢城
- 牢子
- 牢定
- 牢愁
- 牢成
- 牢成久慣/牢成久惯
- 牢房 (láofáng)
- 牢拴
- 牢牢 (láoláo)
- 牢獄/牢狱 (láoyù)
- 牢獄之災/牢狱之灾 (láoyùzhīzāi)
- 牢盆
- 牢眼
- 牢穩/牢稳
- 牢籠/牢笼 (láolóng)
- 牢籠計/牢笼计
- 牢落
- 牢角底
- 牢記/牢记 (láojì)
- 牢醴
- 牢靠 (láokào)
- 牢頭/牢头 (láotóu)
- 牢頭禁子/牢头禁子
- 牢飯/牢饭 (láofàn)
- 牢騷/牢骚 (láosāo)
- 牢騷滿腹/牢骚满腹
- 畫地為牢/画地为牢
- 當牢節級/当牢节级
- 發牢騷/发牢骚 (fā láosāo)
- 皋牢
- 監牢/监牢 (jiānláo)
- 蒲牢 (púláo)
- 虎牢關/虎牢关 (Hǔláo Guān)
- 軋牢/轧牢
- 軍牢/军牢
- 軍牢快手/军牢快手
- 顧犬補牢/顾犬补牢
- 餼牢/饩牢
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Kanji
[edit]牢
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
- Kan-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
- Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 牢)、かたい (katai, 牢い)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
牢 |
ろう Hyōgai |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 牢 (MC law).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]牢
Compounds
[edit]- 牢屋 (rūya, “prison”)
Noun
[edit]牢 (rū)
References
[edit]- Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
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- Intermediate Mandarin
- zh:Walls and fences
- zh:Zoology
- zh:Prison
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ろう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading らう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ろう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading らう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひとや
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かた・い
- Japanese terms spelled with 牢 read as ろう
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- Japanese single-kanji terms
- ja:Buildings
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- Korean lemmas
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- ryu:Buildings
- ryu:Prison
- Vietnamese lemmas
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