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See also:
U+7344, 獄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7344

[U+7343]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7345]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 94, +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 43234, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1365, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+7344

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (two dogs) + (words) (㹜 = + , two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ngṳ̆k - literary;
  • ngŏk - vernacular.
Note:
  • ga̍k - vernacular;
  • ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.
Note:
  • 5hhioq - common;
  • 5nyioq - expected from historical rime.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
    Harbin /y⁵³/
    Tianjin /y⁵³/
    Jinan /y²¹/
    Qingdao /y⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /y²⁴/
    Xi'an /y²¹/
    Xining /y⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /y¹³/
    Lanzhou /y¹³/
    Ürümqi /y²¹³/
    Wuhan /iəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /yo³¹/
    /y¹³/
    Guiyang /iu²¹/
    Kunming /iu³¹/
    Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /yəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ²/
    Pingyao /yʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /y⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ȵo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /niu²²/
    Tunxi /ȵiu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʐəu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /iəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵiuʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
    Nanning /juk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /juk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giɔk̚⁵/
    /gak̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /gek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zok̚³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (31)
    Final () (8)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter ngjowk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ŋɨok̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ŋiok̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ŋiok̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ŋuawk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ŋiok̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ŋĭwok̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ŋi̯wok̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    juk6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ngjowk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ŋ]rok/
    English lawsuit; prison

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16032
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ŋoɡ/

    Definitions

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    1. prison
    2. lawsuit; case

    Synonyms

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    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. prison
    2. lawsuit; case

    Readings

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    • Go-on: ごく (goku, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: ぎょく (gyoku)
    • Kun: ひとや (hitoya, )

    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    ごく
    Grade: S
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese (ngjowk, prison).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (ごく) (goku

    1. prison

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    ひとや
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    人屋
    囚獄

    Compound of (hito, human) +‎ (ya, house).[3][1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (ひとや) (hitoya

    1. prison

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (ok) (hangeul )

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: ngục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

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    • Nôm: ngục

    References

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    • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
    • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
    • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999