英
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]英 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿中月大 (TLBK), four-corner 44530, composition ⿱艹央)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30808
- Dae Jaweon: page 1484, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3192, character 1
- Unihan data for U+82F1
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
鴦 | *qaːŋ, *qaŋ |
佒 | *qaːŋ |
咉 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
眏 | *qaːŋ |
姎 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
坱 | *qaːŋʔ |
映 | *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs |
泱 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ |
盎 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
駚 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ |
軮 | *qaːŋʔ |
醠 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
央 | *qaŋ |
秧 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ |
殃 | *qaŋ |
鞅 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
鉠 | *qaŋ, *qraŋ |
雵 | *qaŋ |
胦 | *qaŋ, *qroːŋ |
柍 | *qaŋʔ |
詇 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs |
岟 | *qaŋʔ |
炴 | *qaŋʔ |
怏 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
紻 | *qaŋʔ |
英 | *qraŋ |
瑛 | *qraŋ |
霙 | *qraŋ |
韺 | *qraŋ |
媖 | *qraŋ |
渶 | *qraŋ |
鶧 | *qraŋ |
楧 | *qraŋ |
暎 | *qraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qraŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 英 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 英 | |
alternative forms | 偀 ancient |
Uncertain. There are several possibilities:
- Of Sino-Tibetan origin, related to Mizo ân (“to open the mouth to receive food, to open to”), âng (“to open (mouth), to gape with open mouth”); if so, this word would come from the idea of an open flower (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to Mizo êng (“light”), ên (“to shine, to give light, bright, brilliant”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to Proto-Bahnaric *ʔaːŋ (“bright”) (from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔaiŋ (“light, to shine”)), which may be also/instead related to 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to 秧 (OC *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, “rice seedling”) (Sagart, 2011).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): in1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ing1
- Northern Min (KCR): éng
- Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1in
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ying
- Wade–Giles: ying1
- Yale: yīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
- Palladius: ин (in)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
- Sinological IPA (key): /in⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jing1
- Yale: yīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jing1
- Guangdong Romanization: ying1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jen³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: in1
- Sinological IPA (key): /in⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yin1
- Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yin1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: éng
- Sinological IPA (key): /eiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- iaⁿ - vernacular;
- eng - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 英 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /iŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /iŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /iŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /iŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /iŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /iŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /iŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /iə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /iŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /iŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /in⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /in⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /in⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /in³¹/ | |
Hefei | /in²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /iəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /iŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /iŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /in⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /j̠aŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /iɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /in³³/ |
Xiangtan | /in³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /in⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /in⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /in²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jeŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /jeŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /jiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iŋ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /eiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /eŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /eŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: 'jaeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ<r>aŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ/
Definitions
[edit]英
- (literary) flower; blossom
- 彼其之子,美如英。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Bǐjì zhīzǐ, měi rú yīng. [Pinyin]
- That one is as beautiful as a flower.
- 忽逢桃花林,夾岸數百步,中無雜樹,芳草鮮美,落英繽紛。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
- Hū féng táohuā lín, jiā àn shù bǎi bù, zhōng wú zá shù, fāngcǎo xiānměi, luò yīng bīnfēn. [Pinyin]
- Suddenly, he came upon a forest of peach blossoms stretching for several hundred paces along both banks of the waterway. There were no stray trees mixed among them. There was a fresh and pleasing scent of fragrant grass. Fallen peach blossoms were scattered about in abundance.
忽逢桃花林,夹岸数百步,中无杂树,芳草鲜美,落英缤纷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (of a person) outstanding
- fine; excellent
- 英名 ― yīngmíng ― illustrious name
- (literary) finest part; quintessence
- hero; outstanding person
- 群英 ― qúnyīng ― ensemble of talents
- (obsolete) panache on a lance
- 二矛重英 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Érmáo chóng yīng [Pinyin]
- The two lances' panaches flourished doubly
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 一世英名
- 三英 (sānyīng)
- 二噁英/二𫫇英 (èr'èyīng)
- 仇英
- 作育英才
- 勝英/胜英 (Shèngyīng)
- 含英
- 含英咀華/含英咀华 (hányīngjǔhuá)
- 咀英嚼華/咀英嚼华
- 天縱英明/天纵英明
- 女英 (Nǚyīng)
- 宗英
- 巾幗英雄/巾帼英雄 (jīnguóyīngxióng)
- 張谷英/张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
- 武英殿
- 民族英雄 (mínzú yīngxióng)
- 海英 (Hǎiyīng)
- 無名英雄/无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
- 玄英
- 王英 (Wángyīng)
- 玉英
- 瑤英/瑶英
- 瓊英/琼英
- 痛失英才
- 白英 (báiyīng)
- 百卉含英
- 石英 (shíyīng)
- 石英岩
- 石英玻璃
- 石英錶/石英表
- 神采英拔
- 精英 (jīngyīng)
- 精英樹/精英树
- 紫石英 (zǐshíyīng)
- 紫雲英/紫云英
- 群英 (qúnyīng)
- 群英會/群英会
- 耆英 (qíyīng)
- 舜英
- 英仙座 (Yīngxiānzuò)
- 英俊 (yīngjùn)
- 英傑/英杰 (yīngjié)
- 英儒
- 英勇 (yīngyǒng)
- 英勇善戰/英勇善战
- 英勇無敵/英勇无敌
- 英勇雄壯/英勇雄壮
- 英名 (yīngmíng)
- 英姿 (yīngzī)
- 英姿煥發/英姿焕发
- 英姿邁往/英姿迈往
- 英姿颯爽/英姿飒爽
- 英媛
- 茂實英聲/茂实英声
- 英尋/英寻 (yīngxún)
- 英山 (Yīngshān)
- 英布
- 英年 (yīngnián)
- 英德 (Yīngdé)
- 英才 (yīngcái)
- 英才俊偉/英才俊伟
- 英拔
- 英挺 (yīngtǐng)
- 英明 (yīngmíng)
- 英明睿智
- 英武 (yīngwǔ)
- 英毅
- 英氣/英气 (yīngqì)
- 英氣勃勃/英气勃勃
- 英氣逼人/英气逼人
- 英氣風發/英气风发
- 英烈 (yīngliè)
- 英烈千秋
- 英爽
- 英物
- 英特
- 英特邁往/英特迈往
- 英發/英发
- 英皇 (yīnghuáng)
- 英石
- 英聲/英声
- 英聲茂實/英声茂实
- 英英 (yīngyīng)
- 若英
- 英華/英华
- 英豪 (yīngháo)
- 英銳/英锐
- 英雄 (yīngxióng)
- 英雄主義/英雄主义
- 英雄入彀
- 英雄好漢/英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn)
- 英雄所見略同/英雄所见略同 (yīngxióng suǒjiànlüètóng)
- 英雄本色
- 英雄末路
- 英雄樹/英雄树
- 英雄氣短/英雄气短
- 英雄無用武之地/英雄无用武之地 (yīngxióng wú yòngwǔ zhī dì)
- 英雄短氣/英雄短气
- 英雄豪傑/英雄豪杰 (yīngxióngháojié)
- 英靈/英灵 (yīnglíng)
- 英風/英风
- 英風偉烈/英风伟烈
- 英風宛在/英风宛在
- 英風義氣/英风义气
- 英髦
- 英魂 (yīnghún)
- 草莽英雄
- 菁英 (jīngyīng)
- 菁英分子
- 落英 (luòyīng)
- 蒲公英 (púgōngyīng)
- 蘭英/兰英 (Lányīng)
- 蜚英騰茂/蜚英腾茂
- 豪英
- 雲英/云英
- 雲英未嫁/云英未嫁
- 颯爽英姿/飒爽英姿
- 黑英山 (Hēiyīngshān)
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 英 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 英 | |
alternative forms | 𠸄 |
Short form of 英吉利 (Yīngjílì, “England”) or 英格蘭/英格兰 (Yīnggélán, “England”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1in
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ying
- Wade–Giles: ying1
- Yale: yīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
- Palladius: ин (in)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jing1
- Yale: yīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jing1
- Guangdong Romanization: ying1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jen³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yin1
- Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)inˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yin1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Definitions
[edit]英
- (short form) Britain
- 英軍/英军 ― yīngjūn ― British Armed Forces
- (short form) English language
- (in compounds) imperial (relating to the British imperial system of measurement)
- 英寸 ― yīngcùn ― inch
Compounds
[edit]- 大英國協/大英国协 (Dà Yīngguó Xié)
- 大英帝國/大英帝国 (Dàyīng Dìguó)
- 新英格蘭/新英格兰 (Xīn Yīnggélán)
- 英中 (yīngzhōng)
- 英倫/英伦 (Yīnglún)
- 英兩/英两 (yīngliǎng)
- 英制 (yīngzhì)
- 英吉利 (Yīngjílì)
- 英噸/英吨 (yīngdūn)
- 英國/英国 (Yīngguó)
- 英國國教/英国国教
- 英國管/英国管 (yīngguóguǎn)
- 英女王 (Yīngnǚwáng)
- 英女皇 (Yīngnǚhuáng)
- 英寸 (yīngcùn)
- 英尺 (yīngchǐ)
- 英文 (yīngwén)
- 英格蘭/英格兰 (Yīnggélán)
- 英法聯軍/英法联军
- 英王 (yīngwáng)
- 英畝/英亩 (yīngmǔ)
- 英皇 (yīnghuáng)
- 英石
- 英磅 (Yīngbàng)
- 英語/英语 (yīngyǔ)
- 英語民族/英语民族
- 英里 (yīnglǐ, “mile”)
- 英鎊/英镑 (Yīngbàng)
Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 英 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 英 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ying
- Wade–Giles: ying1
- Yale: yīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
- Palladius: ин (in)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jing1
- Yale: yīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jing1
- Guangdong Romanization: ying1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]英
- Used in transcription.
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]trad. | 英 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 英 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): eng
Definitions
[edit]英
- (Hokkien) Alternative form of 塕 (eng, “(of dust, sand, etc.) to rise and permeate; to fill the air or get onto something”)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]英
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: よう (yō)
- Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō); え (e)
- Kun: はなぶさ (hanabusa, 英); はな (hana, 英); ひいでる (hīderu, 英でる)
- Nanori: ひで (hide)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
英 |
えい Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).
Affix
[edit]- Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).
- Short for 英語 (eigo, “English (language)”).
- outstanding; outstanding person
- flower; calyx
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅧᇰ (Yale: qyèng) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 곳부리 (Yale: kwòspwùlì) | 여ᇰ (Yale: yèng) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [영]
Hanja
[edit]英 (eumhun 꽃부리 영 (kkotburi yeong))
- hanja form? of 영 (“the UK, Great Britain (in compounds, in news media)”)
- hanja form? of 영 (“petal”) [affix]
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Proper noun
[edit]Hanja in this term |
---|
英 |
- (in headlines) Short for 英國 (Yeongguk, “the United Kingdom”).
Usage notes
[edit]In news headlines, this is often written in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]英: Hán Việt readings: anh
英: Nôm readings: anh, yêng
Noun
[edit]- Nôm form of anh (“older brother”).
References
[edit]Categories:
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