Appendix:SNPT

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Slovene national phonetic transcription (abbreviated SNPT) is a set of transcription used for transcribing Standard Slovene, as well as its dialects. It is often simpler to comprehend as most symbols are derived from the Slovene alphabet and have their usual pronunciations.

There are four closely related transcriptions, however one is considered archaic.

For Standard Slovene

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Slovene has two standards – tonal and non-tonal and therefore exist two transcriptions which only slightly differ by different diacritics.

Long stressed vowels[1]
In a word Non-tonal Tonal IPA
í í í ìː
ȋ íː
é é ẹ́ èː
ẹ̑ éː
ê / é ḙ̄ ḙ́ è̞ː
ḙ̑ é̞ː
ê ê é ɛ̀ː
ȇ ɛ́ː
á á á àː
ȃ áː
ô ô ó ɔ̀ː
ȏ ɔ́ː
ô / ó ō̭ ó̭ ò̞ː
ȏ̭ ó̞ː
ó ó ọ́ òː
ọ̑ óː
ú ú ú ùː
ȗ úː
Short stressed vowels[1]
In a word Non-tonal Tonal IPA
ì ì ȉ í
è ḙ̀ ḙ̏ é̞
è ȅ ɛ́
è ə̀ ə̀ ə̀
ə̏ ə́
à à ʌ̏ á (non-tonal), ʌ́ (tonal)
ò ò ȍ ɔ́
ò̭ ȍ̭ ó̞
ù ù ȕ ú
ŕ / r̀ ə̀r ə̀r ə̀ɾ
ə̏r ə́ɾ
ĺ ə̀l ə̏l ə́l
Short unstressed vowels[1]
In a word Non-tonal Tonal IPA
i i i i
e ɛ̝
e e ɛ (after stress) / e (before stress)
e ə ə ə
a a a a
o o o ɔ (after stress) / o (before stress)
ɔ̝
u u u u
r ər ər əɾ
n ən ən ən /
m əm əm əm /
l əl əl əl /
Semivowels[1]
In a word Non-tonal Tonal IPA
j j j j
v / u / ł
Consonants[1]
SNPT IPA SNPT IPA
m m t t
ɱ ɱ T tⁿ
n n
d d
ŋ ŋ D dⁿ
l l
k k
r ɾ g ɡ
j j č t͡ʃ
v ʋ d͡ʒ
v s s
w ʷ (with voiced cons.) z z
ʍ ʷ (with voiceless cons.) š ʃ
p p ž ʒ
P pⁿ c t͡s
dz d͡z
b b f f
ʙ h x
B bⁿ ɣ ɣ

Dialectal transcription

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There exist two dialectal transcriptions: Ramovš and Logar transcription, but nowadays second is in use most of the time.

Logar and Ramovš transcriptions[2][3]
Vowels
RT LT approx. IPA
i i
ü ü* y
ʏ
y
u u
u̇*
ɪ̟͉
ɨ ɪ
ı̣
ɨ̟
y̥* ɨ
ʉ
ʊ͉
ů ů* ʊ̝
ė ɪ̟͈
ȯ ʊ͈
e
ë* ë
o
ɘ̞
ɘ ɘ
ɵ
ȩ e ɛ
ö ø
œ
ə ə
ə̣ ə̣* ə̟
o ɔ
ä æ
ḁ̈ ḁ̈* æ̠
ḁ* ɐ
å ɒ
ḁ̊ ḁ̊* ɒ̟
ȧ
a a
ã ą ã
õ ǫ ɔ̃
ọ̃ ǫ̣ õ
ȯ̃* ǫ̇ ʊ͈̃
ɨ̤
ʉ̤
ɛ̤̈
œ̤̈
ɵ̤
ə̤ ə̤* ə̤
Non-sonorants
RT LT approx. IPA
p p
b b
ɸ* ɸ ɸ
ƀ
f f
θ* θ θ
ð ð* ð
đ
t t
d d
c t͡s
t͡sʲ
ʒ d͡z
s s
z z
t͇͡s͇
c
d́* ɟ
ć t͡ɕ / c (see from description in the source)
ʒ́ d͡ʑ / ɟ (see from description in the source)
ś ɕ
ź ʑ
č t͡ʃ
čʼ* čʼ t͡ʃʲ
ǯ d͡ʒ
ǯʼ* ǯʼ d͡ʒʲ
š ʃ
ž ʒ
č́ t͡ɕ
ǯ́ d͡ʑ
š́ ʃʲ
ž́ ʒʲ
k k
g ɡ
x x
ɣ ɣ
ǥ
ǵ
ç
ɣx ɣ̥
h ħ ~ ɦ (see from description in the source)
ʕ ~ h (see from description in the source)
q ʔ
Sonorants and semivowels
RT LT IPA
w w
m m
v ʋ / v (see if it has a devoiced allophone)
ʋʲ / (see if it has a devoiced allophone)
mʼ*
l l
r ɾ
n n
ĺ ʎ
ń ɲ
j j
j̃*
ĩ̯ ĩ̯
ł ʟ
ʀ
ŋ ŋ
Diacritics
RT LT IPA
Tones
V̀ː V́ː
V́ː V̀ː
(Brdo dialect)
V̆̀
Stress
ˈVː
ˈVˑ
ˈV V
Other vowel diacritics
V̝͈
see above
V
see above
V (V̆)
Consonants
C̥᪽
C‛
C (C̆)
Other
C Dummy consonant
V Dummy vowel
ø A sound that is not present, null ending
/ / Phoneme
[ ] Allophone
> Derived from
< Originates from

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Pravila [Grammatical Rules]”, in ePravopis slovenskega knjižnega jezika[1] (in Slovene), Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, 2014, archived from the original on 2022-01-21, pages 69–81
  2. ^ Logar, Valentin "Tine" (1996) Kenda-Jež, Karmen, editor, Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave [Dialectological and etymological discussions] (in Slovene), Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, →ISBN, page VII-XV
  3. ^ Kenda-Jež, Karmen (2017 February 27) Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription]‎[2] (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived from the original on January 22, 2022, pages 27–30