gradior

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (to walk, go). Cognate with Old Irish do·grē, Welsh grynnyaw (to press, thrust). The traditional connection of Proto-Slavic *gręsti (to go) (Old Church Slavonic грѧсти (gręsti, to come, walk, go)), Lithuanian gridyti (to go, wander), and Proto-Germanic *gridiz (step) (Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳𐍃 (grids)), Old High German crit) is contested, as the Germanic and Balto-Slavic forms, as well as Old Irish ad·greinn (to track, follow), seem to trace back to a different root, Proto-Indo-European *gʰridʰ-, instead.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gradior (present infinitive gradī, perfect active gressus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

  1. to step, walk, stride
    Synonyms: vādō, ambulō, deambulō, cammīnō, adeō, obeō, pergō, baetō, , cēdō, īnferō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.147:
      [...] ipse iugīs Cynthī graditur, [...].
      [Apollo] himself strides upon the ridges of Cynthus, [...].
  2. (Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) (figuratively) to "walk" as in to act or behave, to join with
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.13.20:
      Quī cum sapientibus graditur, sapiēns erit: amīcus stultōrum efficiētur similis.
      He that walketh with the wise, shall be wise: a friend of fools shall become like to them. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
  3. to advance, proceed, go, move
    Synonyms: adorior, prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, adeō, incēdō, subeō, aggredior, īnferō, succēdō, prōficiō
    Antonyms: discēdō, dīgredior, facessō, excēdō, dēficiō, dēgredior, dēcēdō

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of gradior (third conjugation -variant, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present gradior graderis,
gradere
graditur gradimur gradiminī gradiuntur
imperfect gradiēbar gradiēbāris,
gradiēbāre
gradiēbātur gradiēbāmur gradiēbāminī gradiēbantur
future gradiar gradiēris,
gradiēre
gradiētur gradiēmur gradiēminī gradientur
perfect gressus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect gressus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect gressus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present gradiar gradiāris,
gradiāre
gradiātur gradiāmur gradiāminī gradiantur
imperfect graderer graderēris,
graderēre
graderētur graderēmur graderēminī graderentur
perfect gressus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect gressus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present gradere gradiminī
future graditor graditor gradiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives gradī gressum esse gressūrum esse
participles gradiēns gressus gressūrus gradiendus,
gradiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
gradiendī gradiendō gradiendum gradiendō gressum gressū

Derived terms

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References

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  • gradior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • gradior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • gradior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gradior, gradī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 268-9