Fig. 2 |

a, The four panels present variation in microbial relative abundances (not CLR-transformed) for the four taxa associated at study-wide significance level with the LCT locus at P < 3.8 × 10⁻¹¹: Bifidobacterium, Negativibacillus, UBA3855 sp900316885 and CAG-81 sp000435795. Abundances are compared across stratified groups of individuals from the FR02 cohort according to LCT-MCM6:rs4988235 genotype and self-reported dietary lactose intake (red, regular dairy diet; blue, lactose-free diet). Sample sizes for groups of individuals self-reporting a regular dairy diet: rs4988235:TT (n = 1,786), CT (n = 2,413), CC (n = 736); self-reporting a nonregular dairy diet or lactose-free diet: TT (n = 150), CT (n = 198), CC (n = 245). All statistical comparisons denote the P values of Wilcoxon rank test on the distributions of untransformed relative abundances. Only significantly different comparisons (P < 0.05) are indicated. For all box plots, the central line, box and whiskers represent the median, interquartile range (IQR) and 1.5 times the IQR, respectively. Violin plots represent the distribution density of the data points.

b, Host genetics and gut microbes interact in the context of dairy intake and lactose intolerance.