Summer Shakeout amid Positive EPS Season The stock market in mid- to late-July experienced its worst stretch of the year, including its worst week since 2022. The strong start to the month sent the S&P 500 and the other major indices to all-time highs. Even following the late-month selloff, stocks entered the final partial trading week of July barely changed for the month. The stasis in the market is consistent with ongoing uncertainty. The nature of the presidential election changed dramatically over the past month. The Fed appears to be teeing up 50 basis points (bps) or possibly even 75 bps of rate cuts by the end of the year. However, no cuts appear likely until mid-September, leaving investors dangling. Consumers too are waiting for rate cuts, whether they know it or not, because a lower fed funds rate is the linchpin to getting the overall interest rate environment down from its multi-year peak. Amid the uncertainty, the second-quarter earnings season mostly has been a bright spot. While good past-quarter earnings are always important, investors hold their breaths regarding current-quarter outlooks. Companies have generally reaffirmed the moderately positive outlook for the full year, which is still trending toward high single-digit to low double-digit EPS growth for 2024. Up and Down in July The S&P 500, which came into mid-year up 14.5% for 2024, piled on an additional 3.8% in the first half of July. The index was up 18.8% for the year at its all-time closing peak of 5,667 on 7/16/24. By 7/19/24, the S&P 500 had shed over 100 points. And by 7/25/24, the index had lost more than 260 points from its all-time high, to close at 5,399. Given the strong start to the month, followed by equally strong selling, the S&P 500 entered the final partial trading week of July up 14.4% for the year - barely budged from where it stood at mid-year. The Trump assassination attempt and the switch in Democratic presidential contenders occurred in the space of two weekends. However, rather than point to political upheaval, most investors attributed the July selling to a much-needed correction in extremely overbought names in the Information Technology and Communication Services sectors. While some wealth flowed out of all equities in the late-July period, much of the proceeds from tech stock redemptions flowed into other sectors. With three trading days remaining in the month as of 7/26/24, Information Technology (IYW) was down 4% for the month of July; and Communication Services (XLC) was down just under 2%. Where did the money go? Lots flowed into the Financial sector (IYF), which was up 7% for the month. Upcoming cuts in the fed funds rate will pinch banks' net interest margins. However, the 2Q earnings season for the sector has been highly positive, featuring significant recovery in fee-based businesses such as investment banking. Those upcoming lower interest rates can also be expected to rekindle loan and mortgage growth, which have been an ongoing negative amid generally positive bank earnings results. Other winning sectors in July include Industrials (IYJ), up 4.5%; Utilities (IDU), up 3.3%; Healthcare, up 2.9%; Consumer Staples, up 2.5%; and Materials, up 2.4%. Most of these sectors rose with the market early in the month and then were able to hold onto their gains on generally positive second-quarter earnings results. As we prepared this report, the market on 7/29/24 was oscillating, rising in the morning on earnings optimism toward traditional growth leaders and then selling off by midday on fears those companies would disappoint. The market response to upcoming earnings and other major non-technology companies could determine not just the July outcome, but also the market's performance in August and into summer-end. Second-Quarter Earnings Season The above-cited July 29-through-August 2 period will be the biggest week in 2Q24 EPS season, with about one-third of S&P 500 components companies reporting results. We will be sure to weigh in on the biggest earnings week, which culminates with equally big economic news, the nonfarm payrolls for July on 8/2/24. In the interim, and based on 2Q24 EPS data through 7/26/24, the second-quarter earnings season has been a success so far. With just over 180 companies (36%) of S&P 500 component companies reporting, second-quarter 2024 earnings from continuing operations are up 9.1% on a share-weighted basis compared with 2Q23 EPS. According to Bloomberg, 2Q24 earnings are up 14.8% on a market-cap-weighted basis. This premium of market-cap-weighted to share-weighted EPS growth is consistent with recent quarters and is reflective of the earnings outperformance of the largest capitalization companies compared with small and mid-caps. According to the other earnings compiling agencies, FactSet reports 9.8% earnings growth for 2Q24 as of 7/26/24; and Refinitiv is reporting 12% earnings growth. Variation in performance measurements among FactSet, Refinitiv and Bloomberg reflect minor differences in calculating continuing operations earnings as well as different prior-year baselines. For the remainder of our 2Q earnings report card, we will mainly source Bloomberg data unless otherwise noted. An unusually high percentage of companies (31%) have reported negative earnings for 2Q24. The average EPS decline for the negative-earnings group, which is heavily weighted in Energy, Materials, and Real Estate, is 16%. For the 69% of companies reporting positive EPS, average earnings growth is a robust 22%. A key reason investors are optimistic about second-half 2024 earnings growth is that the negative drag from Energy, Materials, and Real Estate is expected to diminish in 3Q24 and particularly in 4Q24. About 79% of companies have reported positive EPS surprises in 2Q24, compared with (again) a high 14% of companies reporting negative surprises. According to FactSet, 78% of companies have reported positive EPS surprises. These percentage are above the 10-year average of 74%. For these companies, the median beat against consensus estimates is 5.2% (FactSet has it at 4.4%). For the first time in several quarters, the median beat against expectations is below the 10-year average of 6.8%. At the sector level, the strongest earnings growth is coming from Financial, Information Technology, and Utilities - all up in the 16%-17% range year over year. Communication Services 2Q24 earnings are up 15%. Other sectors reporting positive EPS growth include Healthcare, Consumer Discretionary, Consumer Staples, and Industrials, in descending order; all are up in the 2%-4% range. As noted, Energy, Materials, and Real Estate are all down; Materials is off in high single-digits, while Energy and Real Estate earnings are down 20%-21% from a year earlier. From a statistical standpoint, 36% would be considered a fairly reliable and predictive sample size. Timing of the remainder of 2Q24 earnings season, however, may introduce some variability. Over 61% of Financial companies have already reported, in what has been a better-than-anticipated season for the sector. Only 23% of Energy companies have reported; given similar sensitivity off all component companies to key commodities (oil and natural gas), the contribution from this sector will likely continue to pull down overall results. The swing sector is likely to be Information Technology. Fewer than 30% of tech companies have reported. Further, 2Q earnings from the heavy hitters (Apple, Microsoft, etc.) are not reflected in the data discussed above. Earnings from the big Healthcare, Industrial, and Consumer Discretionary (AMZN) companies could also play an outsized role. For 2Q24, Argus continues to model high-single-digit continuing-operations EPS growth for S&P 500 component companies. We see a higher likelihood that our forecast misses on the upside than on the downside. In other words, once all the component companies are tallied, we are more likely to see low-double-digit EPS growth for 2Q24 than we are to see mid-single-digit EPS growth. Conclusion Investors will veer away from earnings analysis for a few hours on the morning of 8/2/24 to assess the state of the labor economy. Argus Chief Economist Chris Graja, CFA, forecasts 185,000 new nonfarm payroll jobs for July, approximately in line with the 188,000 consensus forecast. The bigger focus will be on the unemployment rate, which was 4.1% in June. If July unemployment hits 4.2%, that would trigger the Sahm indicator. When unemployment rises 50 bps within a cycle, the Sahm rule posits, recession follows or has already begun. In this scenario, deteriorating labor markets become 'a self-reinforcing feedback loop,' according to former New York Fed president William Dudley. Secular and demographic factors may argue for structurally lower unemployment rates over the long term. This includes ongoing retirements from within the huge Baby Boomer cohort, and a smaller pool of workers from the generational cohorts that follow available to fill vacant boomer positions. Triggering the Sahm rule, nonetheless, would be a warning sign and presumably a wake-up call for the Fed to focus on the fight in front of it (preventing recession) and not the nearly won war against inflation.
