Matsakaici a Jamus
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aspect in a geographic region (en) ![]() | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Hakkin Neman Mafaka |
Facet of (en) ![]() | Hakkin Neman Mafaka |
Ƙasa | Jamus |
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'Yancin mafaka ga wadanda aka zalunta ta siyasa wata dama ce ta asali wacce aka bayyana a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus. A wata hanya mai fadi, 'yancin neman mafaka yana bayyana ma'anar "yan gudun hijira" kamar yadda aka kafa a Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 kuma an fahimta don kare masu neman mafaka daga fitarwa tare da basu wasu kariya ta doka. Gaba daya, wadannan kariyar wani bangare ne na tsarin mafaka da kansa kuma an tabbatar da shi daga Ofishin tarayya don hijira da "Yan Gudun Hijira (Bundesamt fur Hijira und Fluchtlinge, 'BAMF') ba tare da wani karin aikace-aikacen ba.
A cikin 1993 da 2015, an sake fasalin haƙƙin mafaka mara izinin mafaka a cikin muhimmin maki kuma an iyakance shi. Sakamakon rikicin 'yan gudun hijirar a rabi na biyu na shekara ta 2015, ana neman canji na ainihin mafaka (sashi na 16a GG) zuwa tabbataccen makasudi don ba wa jihar damar doka ta gabatar da iyaka ko kebabben iyaka.
Matsakaici da Matsayin Yan Gudun Hijira
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Dokar zama ta Jamusawa (Aufenthaltsgesetz) kawai tana daidaita matsayin 'yan gudun hijira. Hakanan ba dokar aiki ko dokar ba da mafaka (Asylgesetz) ba ta bayyana manufar mafaka. Abun da ya kunsa da iyakancewar shine sakamakon hukuncin da Kotun tsarin mulki ta tarayya ta yanke game da Sashe na 16a GG a cikin Ka'idodin dokokin Jamusawa. Dangane da Sashe na 16a (1) GG, ana ganin mutum zai iya fuskantar tashin hankali na siyasa idan yana fama da take hakkin sa ta hukuma ko kuma matakan mutum na uku da za a iya ambata a cikin jihar, saboda addini ko yanke hukunci na siyasa ko wasu sifofin da ba za a iya amfani da su ba wanda ke nuna alamar wani. Wadannan keta hakkin dan adam suna keta mutuncin dan adam kuma, gwargwadon karfinsu da kuma tsananinsu, suna nesanta mutum daga kiyaye zaman lafiya da dukiyar kasa da sanya shi cikin ta cikin matsanancin hali.
Mafi yawan lokuta, ana ba mutane kariya ta hanyar siyasa dangane da yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Halin 'yan gudun hijira (wanda kuma aka sani da Yarjejeniyar' yan gudun hijira na 1951). Duk da cewa yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira tana da inganci a cikin Jamus tun daga 24 ga Disamba 1953, majalissar ta Jamus ba ta da ra'ayin zama dole don baiwa 'yan gudun hijirar cikakken matsayin 'yan gudun hijira. Maimakon haka, kawai ya basu izinin mafaka. Wannan hanyar kawai ta canza tare da Jagorar cancantar (2011/95/ EU) da wata doka da aka zartar da ita a watan Agusta 2007. A yau, an ba da matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a kan' yan gudun hijirar, ban da matsayin da ake da shi na neman mafaka ta siyasa idan ya cancanta (Sashe na 3 (1) da (4) Dokar Tsarin Maganar Gida). Yanzu, matsayin 'yan gudun hijira daidai yake da matsayin' mutumin da ke da izinin mafakar siyasa' (Asylberechtiger), dangane da hakkin zama. Bugu da ƙari, yan gudun hijirar da aka yarda dasu basu da matsala idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da ke da damar mafaka ta siyasa dangane da fa'idodi na zamantakewa, sa hannu a kasuwar neman aikin yi da bayar da takardun tafiye tafiye. Don ƙarin bayani game da ma'anar 'yan gudun hijirar a Jamus duba labarin Jamusanci kan Flüchtlingseigenschaft .
Dokar neman mafaka ta tsara tsarin gudanarwa wanda ya baiwa mai neman mafitar mafaka matsayin mutumin da ya cancanci mafakar siyasa. Yayin gudanar da aikin mafaka ya samu izinin zama na wani lokaci.
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Tsarin Aikace-Aikace
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don shigar da takaddar neman mafaka, 'yan gudun hijirar dole ne su yi rajista da kansu a dayan cibiyoyin maraba da Jamusanci (Sashe na 22 Asy1VfG). A nan za a yi rikodin kasar yan kasa, yawan mutane, masu jima'i, da kuma dangi na dangin da ke neman mafaka tare da taimakon shirin 'EASY' (Erstverteilung von Asybewerben, "Raba ofaukar Asalin masu neman mafaka"). Wannan ya yanke shawarar wane ne cibiyar karbar baki za ta iya kula da 'yan gudun hijirar. 'Yan gudun hijirar dole ne su je cibiyar da aka ba su kuma bayan an shigar da su dole ne su nemi makafa da kansu a ofishin hukumar da aka ba su da wuri-wuri.
A cikin Jamus ana bukatar aikace-aikacen mafaka ne daga hukumar tarayyar hijira da 'yan gudun hijira.
Sashe na 13 Asy1VfG ya ayyana aikace-aikacen mafaka kamar haka:
- Dole ne a zartar da takardar neman mafaka idan har ta tabbata daga rubuce-rubucen baƙon, magana ko akasin haka cewa yana neman kariya a yankin tarayya daga fitina ta siyasa ko kuma yana son kariya daga fitarwa ko kuma cirewa zuwa wata ƙasa zai kasance yana fuskantar tsanantawar da aka ayyana a Sashe na 3 (1) ko mummunan lahani kamar yadda aka ayyana a Sashe na 4 (1).
- Duk aikace-aikacen neman mafaka ya zama aikace-aikacen don neman izinin mafaka da kuma kariya ta ƙasa a cikin ma'anar Sashe na 1 (1) ba. Na biyu. Baƙon na iya iyakance aikace-aikacen neman mafaka ga aikace-aikacen don kariyar na duniya. Za a sanar dashi sakamakon irin wannan hukuncin. Kashi na 24 (2) zai kasance marar illa.
- Duk wani baƙon da ba shi da takaddun shigowa da ya cancanta ya nemi mafaka a kan iyakar (Sashe na 18). Game da shigarwa ba tare da izini ba to nan da nan ya kai kansa ga cibiyar liyafar (Sashe na 22) ko neman mafaka tare da ikon baƙon ko kuma tare da yan sanda (Sashe na 19).
Sashe na 14 Asy1VfG ya ba da tsarin aikace-aikacen. Bayan aikace-aikacen masu neman mafaka za su karbi takardar izinin zama na wucin-gadi na tsawon lokacin ayyukansu.
Sashe na 16 Asy1VfG ya bayyana cewa dole ne a rubuta bayanan asalin 'yan gudun hijirar. Yara ne kawai 'yan shekara 14 ne kebe daga wannan dokar.
Masu rike da izinin zama na dan lokaci ba a yarda suyi aiki ba a cikin watanni 3 na farko bayan sun karbi izinin. Bayan wannan lokacin an basu damar neman izinin aiki, wanda hukumar tarayya zata iya ba ta. Ko yaya, masu rike da izinin zama na dan lokaci zasu sami damar zuwa na biyu zuwa kasuwar aiki.
Dangane da Sashe na 14a Asy1VfG hanya za ta iya bambanta sosai idan ta fadi a karkashin abin da ake kira 'filin jirgin sama' (Flughafenverfahren), izinin gudun hijirar da ke tafiya Jamus ta jirgin sama da neman mafaka kafin shiga kan iyakokin Jamusawa. A takaice, ya bayyana cewa za a iya sarrafa 'yan gudun hijirar a cikin kwanaki 3, kuma a tura su gida da sauri idan 'yan sanda za su iya tantance 'yan gudun hijirar sun fara tafiya a cikin wata kasar da gwamnatin Jamus ta ayana a baya cewa mai lafiya. An sanya dokar ne domin hana filayen jirgin saman zuwa gida na 'yan gudun hijirar na wani tsawan lokaci kuma mai yuwuwar cikawa yayin da 'yan gudun hijirar ke jiran aikace-aikacen su na neman mafaka.
Aiwatarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana aiwatar da aikace-aikacen neman mafaka ta ofishin tarayya don hijira da 'yan gudun hijira.
Dangane da sashe na 10 na dokar tsarin bincike (Asy1G ko Asy1Vfg,) masu neman mafaka ana bukatar bayyana duk wani canji dangane da hukumar kula da kaurar da aka ambata (BAMF) ba tare da bata lokaci ba ga duk hanyar mafaka a Jamus; wannan kuma ya shafi duk wani matsi da hukumar ta yi.
Babban muhimman al'amari game da neman mafaka ita ce sauraron karar hukuma a gaban ofishin kaura.
A lokacin zafi na 2015, matsakaicin lokacin aikawa na neman mafaka ya kasance watanni 5.4, kamar yadda ofishin hijirar (BAMF) ya ruwaito. Ko yaya, masana sun ce adadin ya hakika mafi girma, kusan shekara guda. Bambancin wadannan alkalumman ana cewa ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa (BAMF) tana daukar lokacin sarrafawa be daga lokacin da mai neman mafaka ya shigar da ofishin hijirar; wannan na iya zama watanni da yawa bayan sun shigo kasar. Cigaba da haka, ofishin yana aiwatar da wadannan aikace-aikacen wadanda suke da saukin yanke shawara kan sauri, yana sanya su a gaban tarin kusan aikace-aikacen 254,000 marasa aikin yi.
Aikace-Aikacen da Za'a yi Watsi da Su
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sashe na 29 na dokar tsarin hanya (Asy1VfG) ta kunshi cewa dole ne a watsi da aikace-aikacen neman mafakar siyasa idan za a iya cire mai neman mafaka zuwa wata kasa ta uku inda ya aminta daga fitinar siyasa.
A Bayyane Yake ba Aikace-Aikacen Marasa Tushe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sashe na 29 na Asy1VfG ya kayyade yadda za a bi da mai neman mafaka daga wata kasa mai aminci: aikace-aikacensa za'a ki shi a matsayin mara tushe, sai dai idan hujjoji ko shaidun da aka samar sun ba da dalilin yin imani da cewa shi ko ita tana fuskantar tsananta wa siyasa a kasarta asalinta duk da yanayin da ake ciki a can.
Sashe na 30 na Asy1VfG yana ba da karin sharuddan game da lokacin da aikace-aikacen ya zama dole ya ki karbar tushe wanda kuma tushen Sashi na 36 ya yanke hukunci game da wadannan shari'o'in.
Aikace-aikacen da aka ki karba a bayyane yana da matsala idan dai an tabbatar da kin amincewa da sashi na 30 (3.1-6) Asy1VfG, tunda dangane da Sashe na 10 (3) dokar a kan Raya (AufxtyG) kafin barin aikin tarayyar kasa ba a ba da taken zama. Banda wannan ana ba da izinin ne yayin da mai neman mafaka bai sami izinin zama ba. Misali guda daya shine lokacin da mai neman mafaka ya shiga dangin Jamusawa (Sashe na 28 (1) AufxtyG).
Kungiyar Barikin Jamusawa ta bukaci a cire hukunci na biyu na Sashe na 10 (3) AufenthG, saboda tasirin shingen nasa, wanda ke hana yan gudun hijirar samun izinin zama na dindin, sakamakon a ofishin yana ba da izinin zama na wucin gadi sau da yawa, duk da kokarin hadin kai. Sauran maganganun sun hada da cewa sashin ya sabawa dokokin Turai da na kasa da kasa kuma nuna wariya ce ba tare da la'akari da wadanda aka kora ba.
Karya ko Cikakken Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karya ko cikakkun bayanai wadanda aka bayar akan aikace-aikacen mafaka da duk wani rashin daidaituwa na iya haifar da babban sakamako ga mai neman mafaka, a cewar Sashe na 30 Asy1G. Wannan musamman ya shafi bayanan asalin karya wadanda zasu iya yin hanyoyin kamar bukukuwan aure, haihuwa ko haihuwa wanda aka yi niyya da wahala ko ma ba zai yiwu ba har sai an fayyace bayanan daidai. Bayan haka kuma, idan har ma ana amfani da wadannan bayanan sirri wadanda ba da niyya ba ban da neman mafaka, to za a iya yin lamuran aikata laifuka bisa ga dokar zama (AufenthG) na iya yin la'akari.
Idan bakon ya sami damar share bayanan bayan aikace-aikacen nasara, maganan da aka samo asali daga bayanan da ba daidai ba ko cikakke ba yawanci za'a yi la'akari da yiwuwar sakewa ta Ofishin Tarayya don Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira. A layi daya ga wannan hanyar hukuma na iya, idan ya cancanta, na iya yin karin yanke hukunci kuma suna iya yin watsi da yaudarar wadanda suka dace da hakkin mazaunin su ko yaudarar 'yancin zama wanda aka yi amfani da shi tun da dadewa. Tabbatarwar na iya, hakan kuma, na haifar da fitarwa. A wasu jihohin tarayya na Jamus na karya ko rashin cikakkiyar sanarwa na iya fitar da la'akari da Hukumar Kulawa.
In ba haka ba karya ko cikakken bayani game da tambayoyin da suka dace don yanke shawara na iya jagorantar bisa ga dokar sakandare ta Turai don sokewa ko hana sabunta dokar ta kaura.
Gurfanar da shi a Gaban Shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Idan masu neman mafaka suka shigo kasar ba tare da takardar izinin shiga ba to ba za a iya tudumar su da wannan matakin ba kamar yadda ayar doka ta 31 ta Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira, da zaran sun gabatar da kansu ga hukuma ba tare da bata lokaci ba kuma suna nuna kyakkyawan dalilin shigarsu ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Bayan haka, ra'ayoyin jama'a da suka saba da doka shine cewa aikace-aikacen da ba shi da tushe balle makama don neman mafaka baya wakiltar wani zagi na cin mutuncin doka. Hakan zai iya zama idan ma'anar manufa, aiki mai wulakanci za a iya tabbatar da hakan. Akasin yarda da gama gari, maganganun karya ko cikakkun bayanai yayin aiwatar da hanyoyin mafaka ba su kai ga yanke hukunci nan da nan ba.
Bugu da kari, dokar zama ba ta zartar ba lokacin aikin mafakar farko. Don haka, hukunci bisa ga Sashe na 95 (1.5) da Sashe (2) na Dokar zama ba su shafa a wannan yanayin. Majalisar zartarwar ta Jamhuriyar ta Jamus ta kuma haramtawa haramcin matsayin doka a hukunce-hukuncen mafaka.
Wadanda ke neman mafaka za a gurfanar dasu gaban shari'a ne kawai a wadannan bayanan: Idan sun yi amfani da fasfots din karya ko kuma karya za'a same su a cewar Sashe na 267 StGB; Hakanan idan sunyi amfani da bayanan sirri a cikin izinin zama.
Koyaya, kawai yin bayanan karya yayin aikin mafaka bai cancanci azaman laifi ba kuma ana daukar shi azaman laifi na gudanarwa.
Abubuwan da muka ambata na ta'addanci da aka ambata a cikin dokar reshen Za'a iya cika su idan aka fadi bayanan da aka yi amfani da su wajen bin kara game da hakkin yan kasar waje.
Wata doka da ta fito daga ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida da kuma adalci ta Arewa-Rhine Westphalia ta ce bayanan karya ko cikakkun bayanai ko gabatar ta takardu na karya a yayin tsare-tsaren aikin hukuma na da sabani da bukatun jama'a saboda yana tayar da kashe kudaden jama'a kuma yana iya jan hankalin dan-dangi da kirkirowa na kungiyoyin laifi. Wadannan ayyuka za su zama masu daukar nauyin ayyukan ne bisa ga doka Sashe na 55 na Dokar 'Yan Kasuwa. Hakanan, tun daga 1 Nuwamba 2007, Sashe na 96 (2.2) ya ba da izinin amfani da takardun shaida na karya tare da manufar dakatar da fitarwa. Don haka, za a azabtar da maganganun karya ko cikakkun bayanai tare da kukuncin daurin kurkuku har zuwa shekara daya (Sashe na 95 (1)) ko shekaru uku (Sashe na 95(2)) a cewar dokar Reshen. Dangane da Sashe na 84 da 84a na jarabtar wani don yin bayanan karya yayin neman izinin mafaka ma za a iya shigar da kara.
Tsarin Sokewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Har zuwa 1 ga Agusta 2015, Ofishin Tarayyar foraura da 'Yan Gudun Hijira yana da alhakin doka ta bincika cewa ingantaccen yanke shawara har yanzu yana da inganci ba bayan shekaru 3 bayan an yanke shawarar. Daya daga cikin abubuwan da ake bukatar sake fasalin shawarar zai zama babban laifi wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin dauri sama da shekaru uku a kurkuku ko kuma cin amanar zaman lafiya.
Idan an sami bata, Ofishin Rajista na 'Yan kasashen Waje ya duba kaddamar da zama. A wasu yanayi, kamar cikakken rashin hadin kai ko mummunan aiki, zaman zama ya kare.
Idan ba a soke kariyar da ke Ofishin Tarayya don Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira, an ba ɗan gudun hijira takardar izinin zama na dindin. A aikace, an ba shi kashi 95 na dukkan 'yan gudun hijirar.
Sabunta dokar neman mafaka (Gesetz zur Neubestimmung des Bleiberechts und der Aufenthaltsbestimmung), wanda ya zama mai tasiri a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta 2015 ya kamata ya yanke kokarin Ofishin Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira akan kimantawa mutum. Ofishin rajista na kasashen waje ya yarda ya ba da damar zama bayan shekaru uku, idan Ofishin Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira ba su ba da sanarwa ba wani kebantaccen shari'ar da ke ba da izinin soke kariya.
Cikakken kimantawa mutum mai yawa na aikace-aikacen mafaka tare da sauraron kansa wanda taron ministocin cikin gida ya amince da shi a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2015 wani bangare ne na tsarin tun daga 1 ga Janairu 2016: Aikace-aikace daga 'yan gudun hijira daga Syria, Iraki, Afghanistan da Eritrea Ana aiwatar dasu kamar haka saboda dalilai na aminci.
Abin Kunya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hukumomin Jamus, musamman ofishin (BAMF) da ke Bremen, ana zarginsu da karbar cin hanci, ko akalla don ba su bi hanyoyin da ake bukata na bayar da mafaka tsakanin 2013 da 2016. Abubuwan da aka yarda da 1,200 sun gano ba su cika ka'idodin da ake bukata ba kuma sauran 18,000 na da'awar zasu a bita. An fatattaki ofishin Bremen don aiwatar da aikace-aikace da sauran ofisoshi 13 ana bincikarsu bisa zargin rikice-rikice.
Habakawa a Cikin Kokarin Aikace-Aikacen Mafaka da Nasara Matsayin Su
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Yawa na Aikace-Aikacen Mafaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kafin shekarar 2015, adadin da ya gabata na yawan neman mafaka shine a shekarar 1992, lokacin da aka karbi aikace-aikacen sama da 400,000. A wannan lokacin, yawancin masu nema sun fito ne daga tsohuwar Yugoslavia. Koyaya, bayan 1993 (shekarar Jamusanci 'Asylum Compromise '(Asylkomprosis)), an yi ta samun koma baya a aikace-aikace. A cikin 2005, alal misali, an karbi aikace-aikacen 29,000. Yawan masu nema na farko sun ci gaba da raguwa a cikin 2007, lokacin da Jamus ta ga aikace-aikacen 19,164 kawai, mafi karancin kudi tun 1977.
Tun daga 2008, amma, yawan aikace-aikacen ya fara ƙaruwa kuma. A cikin 2014, mafi girman adadin tun 1993 aka rubuta. Dalilan wannan karuwar sun hada da kwararar bakin haure daga kasashen Serbia da Makedoniya saboda kauracewar takardar visa ga kasashen biyu a watan Disamba na shekarar 2009. A farkon rabin shekara ta 2013, yawan aikace-aikacen farko na neman mafaka ya karu 90% idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar da ta gabata. Mafi yawan masu neman mafaka a wannan shekarar sun fito ne daga Rasha, sai Syria da Afghanistan.
Ofishin Tarayya na Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira na tsammanin aikace-aikacen 450,000 don mafaka a cikin lissafin su don 2015, dangane da yawan aikace-aikacen da suka karɓa a farkon rabin shekara. A watan Agusta na 2015, duk da haka, Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Tarayya ta gyara wannan lambar, tana mai neman aikace-aikace har 800,000.
Bayanai da Ofishin Tarayyar Turai na Hijira da 'Yan Gudun Hijira (BAMF) ya fitar a watan Janairun 2016 ya nuna cewa Jamus ta karɓi takardun neman mafaka 476,649 a cikin 2015, galibi daga Siriya (162,510), Albanians (54,762), Kosovars (37,095), Afghans (31,902), Iraqis ( 31,379), Serbia (26,945), Makidoniya (14,131), Eritreans (10,990) da Pakistanis (8,472).
Nasarar Aikace-Aikacen Mafaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 2014, an gabatar da takardun neman mafaka 202,834 a kasar ta Jamus. An yanke shawarar 128,911. 1.8% na aikace-aikacen sun haifar da karbar matsayin yan gudun hijira bisa la'akari da Mataki na 16a GG; wani kasi 24.1% an karba a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira daga Sashe na 3 (1) AsylG; 4% sun karbi kariyar ta sashe na 4(1); kuma 1.6% an ba da izinin fitarwa. Saboda haka, 31.5% na duk aikace-aikacen sun kasance "nasara" a cikin mafi girman ma'ana (wanda ake kira "kimar kariya"). Kasi 33.4% na aikace-aikacen aka ki bayan gwaji mai muhimmanci. Bayan kididdigar kungiyoyin ba da sadaka, Jamus tana da kimar kariya ta 48.5% (ban da wadanda aka ba da shari'unsu zuwa wasu kasashen EU bisa ga Dokar Dublin. Idan aka kirkiri da'awar doka a kan hukunce-hukuncen ofishi kuma, sama da rabin 'yan gudun hijirar an basu matsayin kariya a 2014.
A cikin 2015, Jamus ta yanke shawara 282,762 kan aikace-aikacen mafaka; jimillar amincewa da mafaka ta kasance 49.8% (shawarar 140,915 ta tabbatacciya ce, domin an ba masu nema kariya). Wadanda suka yi nasara sun hada da 'yan kasar Siriya (hukunce-hukuncen kwarai da suka kai 101,419, tare da kimar kashi 96%), 'yan kasar ta Eritrea (masu yanke hukunci 9,300; kimar kashi 92.1%) da kuma 'yan Iraki (14,880 kyawawan shawarwari; 88.6% amincewarsu).
A game da mutane kusan 200,000 wadanda aka daure su bisa doka a shekarar 2015, bayan da aka ki karbar aikace-aikacen su na neman mafaka, 20,914 kawai aka kora. Babban matsalar hana fitarwa ita ce rashin hadin kai daga kasashen gida. A watan Fabrairun 2016 ne gwamnatin ta Jamus ta aika kuka ga kasashe 17 wadanda ba su cika alkawuransu na kasa da kasa ba kuma ba su da cikakken hadin kai, ko dai ta hanyar taimakawa wajen tantance 'yan kasarsu, ta hanyar ba da katinan ID ga wadanda aka ki karbar aikace-aikacen su na mafaka, ko ta hanyar daukar su. kawai wadancan mutanen sun dawo wadanda suka tafi da son rai. Waɗannan ƙasashe su ne, a Asiya: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh da Lebanon . A Afirka: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Ethiopia, Tunesia, Ghana, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Benin da Guinea-Bissau .
Sanannun Mutane da aka ba su Mafaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Mayun 2018, Ray Wong da Alan Li Tung-sing, masu gwagwarmayar siyasa da ke ba da izinin samun 'yancin Hong Kong, an ba su matsayin mafakar siyasa bayan sun kasa kai rahoto ga 'yan sanda na Hong Kong a watan Nuwamba na 2017.