Management and Organization

Abstract Föreliggande artikel beskriver open access fenomenet ur ett artikelbaserat perspektiv och är baserad på data insamlat i ett projekt utfört av en forskargrupp ledd av prof. Bo-Christer Björk från Svenska handelshögskolan i Helsingfors. Studiens målsättning var att uppskatta andelen fritt tillgängliga forskningsartiklar på Internet ur nordisk synvinkel. Datamaterialet utgjordes av referee artiklar där åtminstone en av författarna var från ett nordiskt land.

Abstract In recent years, a large debate has arisen about the citation advantage of Open Access (OA). Many studies have been conducted on different datasets and according to different perspectives, which led to different and somehow contradictory results depending on the considered disciplinary field, the researchers' attitude and citational behaviour, and the applied methodology.

Abstract There are two main translation approaches in a multilingual information retrieval task: either to translate the topics or to translate the datasets. The first one is an easier and more common approach. There are two indexing approaches: either to index the languages in the same index, or to build separate indexes for different languages. If the latter approach is used, retrieved result sets must be merged. Several merging strategies have been developed, but there have been no breakthroughs.

Abstract: The open access (OA) model for journals is compared to the open source principle for computer software. Since the early 1990s nearly 1,000 OA scientific journals have emerged-mostly as voluntary community efforts, although recently some professionally operating publishers have used author charges or institutional membership. This study of OA journals without author charges shows that their impact is still relatively small, but awareness of it is increasing.

Background In recent years we have seen quite a few studies on open access publishing. Among others, large survey results on a cross-disciplinary level on author opinions to open access journals have been published (Nicholas & Rowlands 2005; Nicholas, Huntington & Rowlands 2005; Swan & Brown 2004). Also author perceptions towards the author charges business model has been studied in the domain of a medical journal (Schroter, Tite & Smith 2005).

The report describes the present situation in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland) regarding Open Access in scientific publishing. The present progress report presents comprehensive policy issues when present, as well as initiatives concerning a transfer to a more Open Access publishing policy, such as immediate application of Open Access publishing at various universities or research institutes.

The use of open educational resources (OER) in Swedish higher education is still rather limited despite several commendable initiatives. Per Westman and Jonas Paulsson presented an overview of OER in Sweden in 2008 (Westman and Paulsson) which still holds true today with the added complication that the authorities previously most involved in the promotion of OER have now been disbanded.

This paper reviews literature on dictionary-based cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) and presents CLIR research done at the University of Tampere (UTA). The main problems associated with dictionary-based CLIR, as well as appropriate methods to deal with the problems are discussed. We will present the structured query model by Pirkola and report findings for four different language pairs concerning the effectiveness of query structuring.

In this study the basic framework and performance analysis results are presented for the three year long development process of the dictionary-based UTACLIR system. The tests expand from bilingual CLIR for three language pairs Swedish, Finnish and German to English, to six language pairs, from English to French, German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch and Finnish, and from bilingual to multilingual. In addition, transitive translation tests are reported.

Bo-Christer Björk is since 2000 professor in information systems at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Before that he had a career as professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. For the international OA community Bo-Christer Björk is a well known speaker, and he was one of the first advocators of open access in Finland. In this interview Bo-Christer Björk gives his view on open access publishing.

Background Like many other industries involved in content delivery, scientific publishing has seen new challenges and opportunities with the wide adoption of the Internet. In the early days of the Web, before the 1990s, electronic mailing lists were a popular method for distributing longer strings of text, like journal articles, to groups of people. Since then, technology and web standards have rapidly progressed and matured.

Abstract En landrapport om open access-projekt är av naturen aktuell endast under en relativt kort tid. Aktiviteter inom open access startar ofta som projekt och efterföljs av operationella system som driver aktiviteten vidare. Basen för den här artikeln är resultaten från ett två-årigt projekt"; OA-JES"; som avslutades i december 2007.

Abstract In this paper we will discuss dictionary-based cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) methods, and report recent findings and problems. We will consider three language pairs for CLIR: Finnish to English, English to Finnish, Swedish to English. We show that Finnish and Swedish have special features, eg, the frequency of homography and a high frequency of compound words that affect retrieval effectiveness. Especially correct word form normalization and compound splitting are essential.

Abstract: The scientific publishing process has during the past few years undergone considerable changes. The socio-economic structures have, however, not changed much, and many academics and librarians view the current situation as highly unsatisfactory. This has triggered a number of initiatives to set up e-print repositories and electronic peer reviewed journals, which usually offer the full text for free on the Web.

Abstract We participated in CLEF'2001 with four automated bilingual runs. UTACLIR is an automatic query translation and construction system for cross-language information retrieval. The system automatically extracts topical information from request sentences written in one of the source languages and constructs a target language query, based on translations given by a translation dictionary.

Abstract In this paper, we analyze and describe the information environment of biomedicine from the point of view of the researchers in molecular medicine, which is a sub branch of biomedicine. We shall describe the nature of the discipline and its reflections to the information environment. A survey concerning the most important information resources in one molecular medicine research unit was conducted, and in this paper the main results of the survey is reported.

The scientific publishing process has during the past few years undergone considerable changes, due to the possibilities offered by the Internet for fast delivery and inter-linking of publications which refer to each other. The socio-economic structures have, however, not changed much, and many academics and librarians view the current situation as sub-optimal and highly unsatisfactory.

Abstract The Internet has made possible the cost-effective dissemination of scientific journals in the form of electronic versions, usually in parallel with the printed versions. At the same time the electronic medium also makes possible totally new open access (OA) distribution models, funded by author charges, sponsorship, advertising, voluntary work, etc., where the end product is free in full text to the readers.

Abstract The UTACLIR query translation system was originally designed for the CLEF 2000 and 2001 campaigns. In the two first years the query translation application consisted of separate programs based on common translation principles for the language pairs Finnish-English, German-English and Swedish-English. The idea of UTACLIR is based on recognizing distinct source key types and processing them accordingly.