Isotop polonium
Tampilan
(Dialihkan dari Polonium-213)
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Polonium (84Po) memiliki 42 isotop, semuanya bersifat radioaktif, antara 186 dan 227 nukleon. 210Po dengan waktu paruh 138,376 hari memiliki waktu paruh terpanjang dari semua polonium alami. 209Po, dengan waktu paruh 125,2 tahun, memiliki waktu paruh terpanjang dari semua isotop polonium. 209Po dan 208Po (waktu paruh 2,9 tahun) dapat dibuat melalui pemborbardiran proton terhadap bismut di dalam siklotron.[2]
Daftar isotop
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nuklida [n 1] |
Nama historis |
Z | N | Massa isotop (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Waktu paruh |
Mode peluruhan |
Isotop anak [n 4][n 5] |
Spin dan paritas [n 6][n 7] |
Kelimpahan isotop | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energi eksitasi[n 7] | |||||||||||||||||||
186Po | 84 | 102 | 186,0044(18) | 34(12) <μdtk |
α | 182Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
187Po | 84 | 103 | 187,00304(30) | 1,40(0,25) mdtk |
α | 183Pb | (1/2-), (5/2-) | ||||||||||||
187mPo | 4(27) keV | 0,5 mdtk | 13/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
188Po | 84 | 104 | 187,999422(21) | 430(180) μdtk [0,40(+20−15) mdtk] |
α | 184Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
189Po | 84 | 105 | 188,998481(24) | 5(1) mdtk | α | 185Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
190Po | 84 | 106 | 189,995101(14) | 2,46(5) mdtk | α (99,9%) | 186Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (0,1%) | 190Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
191Po | 84 | 107 | 190,994574(12) | 22(1) mdtk | α | 187Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (langka) | 191Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
191mPo | 130(21) keV | 93(3) mdtk | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
192Po | 84 | 108 | 191,991335(13) | 32,2(3) mdtk | α (99%) | 188Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (1%) | 192Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
192mPo | 2600(500)# keV | ~1 μdtk | 12+# | ||||||||||||||||
193Po | 84 | 109 | 192,99103(4) | 420(40) mdtk [370(+46−40) mdtk] |
α | 189Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (langka) | 193Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
193mPo | 100(30)# keV | 240(10) mdtk [243(+11−10) mdtk] |
α | 189Pb | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (langka) | 193Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
194Po | 84 | 110 | 193,988186(13) | 0,392(4) dtk | α | 190Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (langka) | 194Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
194mPo | 2525(2) keV | 15(2) μdtk | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
195Po | 84 | 111 | 194,98811(4) | 4,64(9) dtk | α (75%) | 191Pb | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (25%) | 195Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
195mPo | 110(50) keV | 1,92(2) dtk | α (90%) | 191Pb | 13/2+# | ||||||||||||||
β+ (10%) | 195Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (0,01%) | 195Po | ||||||||||||||||||
196Po | 84 | 112 | 195,985535(14) | 5,56(12) dtk | α (94%) | 192Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (6%) | 196Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
196mPo | 2490,5(17) keV | 850(90) ndtk | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
197Po | 84 | 113 | 196,98566(5) | 53,6(10) dtk | β+ (54%) | 197Bi | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (44%) | 193Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
197mPo | 230(80)# keV | 25,8(1) dtk | α (84%) | 193Pb | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (16%) | 197Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (0,01%) | 197Po | ||||||||||||||||||
198Po | 84 | 114 | 197,983389(19) | 1,77(3) mnt | α (57%) | 194Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (43%) | 198Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
198m1Po | 256592(20) keV | 200(20) ndtk | 11− | ||||||||||||||||
198m2Po | 2691,86(20) keV | 750(50) ndtk | 12+ | ||||||||||||||||
199Po | 84 | 115 | 198,983666(25) | 5,48(16) mnt | β+ (92,5%) | 199Bi | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (7,5%) | 195Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
199mPo | 312,0(28) keV | 4,17(4) mnt | β+ (73,5%) | 199Bi | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (24%) | 195Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (2,5%) | 199Po | ||||||||||||||||||
200Po | 84 | 116 | 199,981799(15) | 11,5(1) mnt | β+ (88,8%) | 200Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (11,1%) | 196Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
201Po | 84 | 117 | 200,982260(6) | 11,3(2) mnt | β+ (98,4%) | 201Bi | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (1,6%) | 197Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
201mPo | 424,1(24) keV | 8,9(2) mnt | IT (56%) | 201Po | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
EC (41%) | 201Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
α (2,9%) | 197Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
202Po | 84 | 118 | 201,980758(16) | 44,7(5) mnt | β+ (98%) | 202Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (2%) | 198Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
202mPo | 2626,7(7) keV | >200 ndtk | 11− | ||||||||||||||||
203Po | 84 | 119 | 202,981420(28) | 36,7(5) mnt | β+ (99,89%) | 203Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (0,11%) | 199Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
203m1Po | 641,49(17) keV | 45(2) dtk | IT (99,96%) | 203Po | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (0,04%) | 199Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
203m2Po | 21585(6) keV | >200 ndtk | |||||||||||||||||
204Po | 84 | 120 | 203,980318(12) | 3,53(2) jam | β+ (99,33%) | 204Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (0,66%) | 200Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
205Po | 84 | 121 | 204,981203(21) | 1,66(2) jam | β+ (99,96%) | 205Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (0,04%) | 201Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
205m1Po | 143,166(17) keV | 310(60) ndtk | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||||
205m2Po | 880,30(4) keV | 645 μdtk | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
205m3Po | 1461,21(21) keV | 57,4(9) mdtk | IT | 205Po | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
205m4Po | 3087,2(4) keV | 115(10) ndtk | 29/2− | ||||||||||||||||
206Po | 84 | 122 | 205,980481(9) | 8,8(1) hri | β+ (94,55%) | 206Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (5,45%) | 202Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
206m1Po | 1585,85(11) keV | 222(10) ndtk | (8+)# | ||||||||||||||||
206m2Po | 2262,22(14) keV | 1,05(6) μdtk | (9−)# | ||||||||||||||||
207Po | 84 | 123 | 206,981593(7) | 5,80(2) jam | β+ (99,97%) | 207Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (0,021%) | 203Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
207m1Po | 68,573(14) keV | 205(10) ndtk | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||||
207m2Po | 1115,073(16) keV | 49(4) μdtk | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
207m3Po | 1383,15(6) keV | 2,79(8) dtk | IT | 207Po | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
208Po | 84 | 124 | 207,9812457(19) | 2,898(2) thn | α (99,99%) | 204Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (0,0277%) | 208Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
209Po | 84 | 125 | 208,9824304(20) | 125,2(3,3) thn[3] | α (99,546%) | 205Pb | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
ε (0,454%) | 209Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
210Po[n 8] | Radium F | 84 | 126 | 209,9828737(13) | 138,376(2) hri | α | 206Pb | 0+ | Renik[n 9] | ||||||||||
210mPo | 5057,61(4) keV | 263(5) ndtk | 16+ | ||||||||||||||||
211Po | Aktinium C' | 84 | 127 | 210,9866532(14) | 0,516(3) dtk | α | 207Pb | 9/2+ | Renik[n 10] | ||||||||||
211m1Po | 1462(5) keV | 25,2(6) dtk | α (99,98%) | 207Pb | (25/2+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (0,016%) | 211Po | ||||||||||||||||||
211m2Po | 2135,7(9) keV | 243(21) ndtk | (31/2−) | ||||||||||||||||
211m3Po | 4873,3(17) keV | 2,8(7) μdtk | (43/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
212Po | Torium C' | 84 | 128 | 211,9888680(13) | 299(2) ndtk | α | 208Pb | 0+ | Renik[n 11] | ||||||||||
212mPo | 2911(12) keV | 45,1(6) dtk | α (99,93%) | 208Pb | (18+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (0,07%) | 212Po | ||||||||||||||||||
213Po | 84 | 129 | 212,992857(3) | 3,65(4) μdtk | α | 209Pb | 9/2+ | Renik[n 12] | |||||||||||
214Po | Radium C' | 84 | 130 | 213,9952014(16) | 164,3(20) μdtk | α | 210Pb | 0+ | Renik[n 9] | ||||||||||
215Po | Aktinium A | 84 | 131 | 214,9994200(27) | 1,781(4) mdtk | α (99,99%) | 211Pb | 9/2+ | Renik[n 10] | ||||||||||
β− (2,3×10−4%) | 215At | ||||||||||||||||||
216Po | Torium A | 84 | 132 | 216,0019150(24) | 0,145(2) dtk | α | 212Pb | 0+ | Renik[n 11] | ||||||||||
β−β− (langka) | 216Rn | ||||||||||||||||||
217Po | 84 | 133 | 217,006335(7) | 1,47(5) dtk | α (95%) | 213Pb | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β− (5%) | 217At | ||||||||||||||||||
218Po | Radium A | 84 | 134 | 218,0089730(26) | 3,10(1) mnt | α (99,98%) | 214Pb | 0+ | Renik[n 9] | ||||||||||
β− (0,02%) | 218At | ||||||||||||||||||
219Po | 84 | 135 | 219,01361(16) | 10,3(1) mnt | α (28,2%) | 215Pb | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
β− (71,8%) | 219At | ||||||||||||||||||
220Po | 84 | 136 | 220,0164(18) | 40# dtk [>300 ndtk] |
β− | 220At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
221Po | 84 | 137 | 221,02123(20) | 2,2(0,7) mmt | β− | 221At | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
222Po | 84 | 138 | 222,024144(40) | 9,1(7,2) mnt | β− | 222At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
Header & footer tabel ini: |
- ^ mPo – Isomer nuklir tereksitasi.
- ^ ( ) – Ketidakpastian (1σ) diberikan dalam bentuk ringkas dalam tanda kurung setelah digit terakhir yang sesuai.
- ^ # – Massa atom bertanda #: nilai dan ketidakpastian yang diperoleh bukan dari data eksperimen murni, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren dari Permukaan Massa (trends from the Mass Surface, TMS).
- ^ Simbol miring tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak hampir stabil.
- ^ Simbol tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak stabil.
- ^ ( ) nilai spin – Menunjukkan spin dengan argumen penempatan yang lemah.
- ^ a b # – Nilai yang ditandai # tidak murni berasal dari data eksperimen, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren nuklida tetangga (trends of neighboring nuclides, TNN).
- ^ Isotop polonium yang paling umum
- ^ a b c Produk peluruhan antara dari 238U
- ^ a b Produk peluruhan antara dari 235U
- ^ a b Produk peluruhan antara dari 232Th
- ^ Produk peluruhan antara dari 237Np
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2022.
- ^ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. hlm. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.
- ^ Boutin, Chad (9 September 2014). "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 Agustus 2016. Diakses tanggal 12 Juli 2022.
- Referensi umum
Data isotop bersumber dari:
- Berat atom unsur:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683
.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051
.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 Oktober 2005.
- Massa isotop, spin dan paritas:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". Dalam Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-85). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Laboratorium Nasional Brookhaven.
- Waktu paruh:
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Laboratorium Nasional Brookhaven.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". Dalam Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-85). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.