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Agostinho Neto

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António Agostinho Neto (17 Septemba 1922 - 10 Septemba 1979) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kọmunist na onye na-ede uri nke Angolan. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi ala mbụ nke Angola site na 1975 ruo 1979, ebe ọ duru ndị Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) na agha maka nnwere onwe (1961-1974). Ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, o duuru MPLA na agha obodo (1975–2002). A makwaara ya maka ọrụ agụmagụ ya, a na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-ede uri nke Angola. A na-eme emume ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya dịka ụbọchị ndị dike mba, ezumike ọha na Angola.

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Neto na Ícolo e Bengo, na Bengo Province, Angola, na 1922. Neto gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na isi obodo, Luanda; nne na nna ya bụ ma ndị nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na Methodist; nna ya, nke a na-akpọkwa Agostinho Neto, bụ ụkọchukwu Methodist. Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike colonial, tupu ọ gaa mahadum. Neto nke tọrọ hapụrụ Angola ga Portugal, ma mụọ ọgwụ na mahadum Coimbra na Lisbon. O jikọtara ndụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị zoro ezo nke ụdị mgbanwe; na PIDE, ndị uwe ojii nchekwa nke ọchịchị Estado Novo nke onye isi ala Pọtugal Salazar na-achị, nwụchiri ya na 1951 maka ọnwa atọ maka mgbapụ ikewapụ ya. E jidere ya ọzọ na 1952 maka ịbanye na Portugese Movement for Democratic Youth Unity. E jidere ya ọzọ na 1955 ma jide ya ruo 1957. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, lụrụ nwanyị Portuguese dị afọ 23 nke a mụrụ na Trás-os-Montes, Maria Eugénia da Silva, n'otu ụbọchị ahụ ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ọ laghachiri Angola na 1959, e jidere ya ọzọ na 1960, wee gbapụ ka ọ bụrụ onye ndú nke ọgụ ọgụ megide ọchịchị colonial. Mgbe Angola nwetara nnwere onwe na 1975 ọ ghọrọ onye isi ala wee nọrọ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1979. [1] [2]

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

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Na December 1956, Angolan Communist Party (PCA) jikọrọ aka na Party of United Struggle for Africans in Angola (PLUAA) iji guzobe Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola na Viriato da Cruz, President nke PCA, dị ka Secretary General. na Neto dị ka onyeisi oche.[2][3]

Ndị ọchịchị Portuguese na Angola jidere Neto na 8 June 1960. Ndị ọrịa ya na ndị na-akwado ya mere njem maka ntọhapụ ya na Bengo na Catete, ma a kwụsịrị mgbe ndị agha Portuguese gbagburu ha, gbuo 30 ma merụọ 200 ahụ n'ihe a maara dị ka Massacre nke Icolo e. Bengo.[4] Na mbụ gọọmentị Portugal chụpụrụ Neto na Cape Verde. Ọzọkwa, a kpọgara ya mkpọrọ na Lisbon. Mgbe e mechara ngagharị iwe mba ụwa na nchịkwa Salazar na-agba ume ka a tọhapụ Neto, a tọhapụrụ Neto n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ. Site na nke a ọ gbapụrụ, buru ụzọ gaa Morocco wee gaa Congo-Léopoldville.[1]

N'afọ 1962, Neto gara Washington, D.C., wee rịọ gọọmentị Kennedy maka enyemaka n'agha ya megide Portugal. Gọọmentị US jụrụ ya, n'ihi na ọ nwere mmasị mmanụ na Angola, na-ahọrọ ịkwado Holden Roberto nke na-emegide ndị Kọmunist National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA). [4]

Neto zutere Che Guevara na 1965 wee malite ịnata nkwado site na Cuba. [5] Ọ gara Havana ọtụtụ ugboro, ya na Fidel Castro nwekọrọ echiche yiri nke ahụ.[6]

Neto na Netherlands, 1975
Ndị Yugoslav-Angolan na-ekwurịta okwu na Marshal Tito na White Villa, Brijuni Islands, n'oge Neto gara SFRY na 1977

Na February 1973 Neto na MPLA gara Romania ka ha na President Ceausescu zute na njem ọrụ ụbọchị anọ n'etiti 12-16th nke February, iji kparịta ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Africa. Na 17th nke February Dr.Neto gara Bulgaria tinyere Lucio Lara, Ruth Neto na ndị ọzọ pati ọrụ ebe ọ ga-achọkwa nkwado n'aka Bulgarian ọchịchị , nakwa nzukọ na ụfọdụ MPLA ụmụ akwụkwọ na Bulgaria n'etiti ha bụkwa Dino Matrosse - onye mechara bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu MPLA. Ndị nnọchiteanya MPLA ga-aga n'ihu na njem ọrụ ha na Yugoslavia na 18-22nd nke February iji zute Onye isi ala Tito. Mgbe otu afọ ahụ gasịrị na 15-16th nke July 1973 Tito na Ceausescu zutere na Yugoslavia iji kparịta ọnọdụ Angola New York Times ebe onye ndu MPLA gara 17-19th nke July 1973 maka July Plenum 1973, BCP Bulgaria.

N'ịgbaso Mgbanwe Carnation na Portugal n'oge Eprel 1974 (nke chụpụrụ onye nọchiri Salazar bụ Marcelo Caetano), òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị atọ na-azọ ike Angola. Otu n'ime atọ ahụ bụ MPLA, nke Neto nọ na ya. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1975, Angola nwetara nnwere onwe zuru oke n'aka ndị Portugal, Neto ghọkwara onye na-achị mba ahụ mgbe MPLA weghaara Luanda na mmefu nke ndị ọzọ na-emegide ọchịchị. O guzobere otu steeti na gọọmentị ya mepụtara njikọ chiri anya na Soviet Union na mba ndị ọzọ dị na Eastern Bloc na steeti ndị ọzọ nke Kọmunist, ọkachasị Cuba, nke nyeere MPLA aka nke ukwuu n'agha ya na FNLA, National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) na South Africa. Neto mere ka MPLA kwupụta Marxism-Leninism bụ ozizi ya. N'ihi ya, o ji ike gbochie otu òtù a na-akpọ Fractionism nke na 1977 nwara iwe ọchịchị nke Organização dos Comunistas de Angola kpaliri. Na Disemba 1977 na nnọkọ mbụ ha, ha gbanwere aha ha ka ọ bụrụ MPLA-PT (MPLA Partido do Trabalho) na-anabata echiche Marxist-Leninist, nke Nito Alves rịọrọ. [7] E gburu ọtụtụ iri puku ndị na-eso ụzọ (ma ọ bụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha na-esote) nke Nito Alves mgbe a nwara iwe ọchịchị, n'ime oge nke were ihe ruru afọ abụọ, ọ bụ ezie na Agostinho Neto kwadoro ikpe ọnwụ nke Nito alves. Mgbe ya na ọtụtụ ndị ikwu nke ndị ahụ furu efu na-edegara akwụkwọ ozi, Neto kpebiri ịgbasa Directorate of Information and Security maka "ihe gabigara ókè" ha mere.[8]   [<span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (October 2021)">self-published source?</span>]

Dị ka ụmụ ya si kwuo, Onye isi ala Neto enyeghị ha azụmahịa ma ọ bụ ihe ùgwù, na-atụ aro na n'agbanyeghị ọkwa onye isi ala na-ese okwu ọ chefughị mmalite ya dị ala.[9]

Ọrụ edemede

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E dere akwụkwọ uri Agostinho Neto n'etiti afọ 1946 na 1960, karịsịa na Portugal. O bipụtara akwụkwọ uri atọ n'oge ndụ ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime uri ya ghọrọ ukwe mba.[10] Abụ ndị ahụ gụnyere nchịkọta dị ka Holy Hope, nke e bipụtara na 1974 (A kpọrọ Dry Eyes na Portuguese Version). Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ onye otu mbụ a họpụtara na Anglo Writers Union na The Center for African Studies na Lisbon. E mechara nye ya Lotus Prize nke Conference of Afro-Asian Writers nyere ya [11]

Ọnwụ

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Neto na 1978

Agostinho Neto nwụrụ na Mọnde, 10 Septemba 1979 na Moscow mgbe ọ gachara Soviet Union ka a waa ya ahụ maka ọrịa kansa na ịba ọcha n'anya. Ọ dị otu izu tupu ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 57 n'oge ọnwụ ya. Neto nwere ogologo ọgụ na ọrịa kansa pancreatic, yana ịba ọcha n'anya nke mechara gbuo ya. Neto gara Soviet Union ọtụtụ ugboro maka ọgwụgwọ n'ihi ọkwa dị elu nke ndị ọkachamara ahụike n'ebe ahụ. Ọ bụ mmadụ ole na ole maara banyere ahụike ya na-ada ada n'ihi na ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya chere na ọ ka mma izochi ozi a, ka ha ghara igosi adịghị ike.[12]

Ihe Nketa

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Ebe ncheta nke Neto na Luanda

Soviet Union nyere Neto Lenin Peace Prize maka 1975-76.

Mahadum ọha na eze nke Luanda, Mahadum Agostinho Neto, a na-akpọ ya aha ya. E dere uri nke Chinua Achebe nke akpọrọ "Agostinho Neto" iji sọpụrụ ya.[13] A na-akpọ ọdụ ụgbọ elu dị na Santo Antão, Cape Verde, n'aha ya, n'ihi ọrụ ọ hụrụ n'anya ọ rụrụ n'ebe ahụ dị ka dọkịta. N'ihi otu ihe ahụ, a na-akpọ isi ụlọ ọgwụ Cape Verde dị n'isi obodo Praia "Hospital Agostinho Neto" (HAN). E nwekwara morna a raara nye ya. A na-akpọ otu okporo ámá dị na New Belgrade na Serbia aha ya, okporo ámá Dr Agostina Neta.[14]

Ihe oyiyi nke Neto

A na-akpọ otu okporo ámá dị na Ghana (Agostinho Neto Road), nke a pụrụ ịchọta na Airport City n'isi obodo ahụ, aha ya.

N'ụbọchị iri na asaa na iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1973, e mere Nzukọ Nzukọ nke July Plenum na Sofia nke onye isi ndị Communist Party nke Bulgaria bụ Todor Zhivkov haziri, Dr.Neto bụkwa onye nọrọ na Hotel Rila n'oge ahụ. N'oge ahụ, ya na nwanyị Bulgaria nwere mmekọrịta dị mkpirikpi onye ya na ya zutere na mbido otu afọ ahụ na 17th nke Febụwarị ma ha nwere nwa nwanyị Mihaela, amụrụ na Febụwarụ 1974. Dr. Neto nwụrụ na 1979 ma bụrụkwa ihe a ga-eme nwa ya nwanyị n'ụlọ ụmụ mgbei. Ezinụlọ Neto na-ajụ ịnakwere nwa ya n'agbanyeghị itinye aka nke ndị ọchịchị Angola maka ịnakwere ya. Nnyocha DNA e mere na 2013 kwubiri na 95% obi ike na ọ bụ nwa nwanyị Neto.[15] Mihaela Matinova

Nsọpụrụ mba ọzọ

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  •  Cape Verde
    • Usoro nke Amílcar Cabral, Klas Mbụ [16]
  •  Cuba
    • Onye natara Order of Playa GirónUsoro nke Playa Girón
  •  Guinea
    • Grand Cross nke National Order of MeritUsoro nke Mba
  •  Namibia
    • Usoro nke Welwitschia Mirabilis kacha ochie [17]
  •  Poland
    • Order of Merit nke Republic of Poland, Klas Mbụ [17]
  •  Saụt Afrịka
    • Onye Ọchịagha Kasị Elu nke Order of the Companions nke O. R. Tambo [18]
  •  Soviet Union
    • Ihe Nrite Udo Lenin
  •  Yugoslavia
    • Usoro nke kpakpando Yugoslav[19]
  •  Zimbabwe
    • Onye natara Royal Order of MunhumutapaUsoro Eze nke Munhumutapa

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 James, W. Martin (2004). Historical Dictionary of Angola. p. 110.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tvedten (1997). Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, 29–30. Tvedten, Inge (1997).
  3. ↑ (1977) Africa Year Book and Who's who, 238–239. 
  4. ↑ Walker (2004). A Certain Curve of Horn: The Hundred-Year Quest for the Giant Sable Antelope of Angola, 146–148. 
  5. ↑ Abbott (1988). Modern African Wars: Angola and Mocambique, 1961–74, 10. 
  6. ↑ Chazan (1992). Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc., 392. ISBN 1-55587-283-2. 
  7. ↑ Guardiola. "El MPLA angoleño se transforma en partido para superar problemas, políticos", El País, 6 December 1977.
  8. ↑ bambaramdipadida.blogspot.com/2017/06/sita-valles-foi-fuzilada-pelo-mpla.html
  9. ↑ Família de Agostinho Neto indignada com associação a processos de corrupção (pt-pt). CLUB-K ANGOLA – Notícias Imparciais de Angola (4 September 2020). Retrieved on 2021-07-21.
  10. ↑ Abdala, Benjamin, Jr. "Agostinho Neto." In African Lusophone Writers.
  11. ↑ Agostinho Neto (en). Poetry Foundation (2019-05-18). Retrieved on 2019-05-19.
  12. ↑ Thomas Johnson, "Agostinho Neto, 56, Angola's Leader, Dies in Moscow After Surgery".
  13. ↑ Achebe. Agostinho Neto. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved on 14 May 2008.
  14. ↑ Google Maps. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2017-07-11.
  15. ↑ Público (Maia, Portugal), 29 October 2010.
  16. ↑ 2016 Condecorações, Fundação Dr. António Agostinho Neto. Archeofactu. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved on 8 July 2021.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Agostinho Neto condecorado na Namíbia. Jornal de Angola (23 March 2010). Retrieved on 8 July 2021.
  18. ↑ 2004 National Orders awards. southafrica.info. Brand SA. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved on 8 July 2021.
  19. ↑ 2016 Condecorações, Fundação Dr. António Agostinho Neto. Archeofactu. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved on 8 July 2021.
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