Hazmirullah Aminuddin

Tengku Pangeran Siak was one of the important figures in the plan of the British occupation of the Java. He was a messenger, even considered as the best assistant, of Thomas Stamford Raffles. In addition to its role in delivering some letters of diplomacy, he also was assigned to persuade some Malay authorities into agreeing British plan to occupy the land of Java. He sailed from Malacca to Java in the last week of December 1810 and then returned in early May 1811. During his trip to Java, he sent five letters to Raffles. This article presents a discussion of the letters of Tengku Pangeran Siak using journalism perspective. The text in the letters were considered to conform to the principles of journalism, such as factual, comprehensive and proportional. The factuality of that reportages was obtained after they were discussed with other various manuscripts and historical archives. Thus, the information in the text of Tengku Pangeran Siak letters had a high level of accuracy. --- Ten...

Purpose: This research is aimed to analyse the understanding of Sundanese people about Arabic culture, language, and people. The research was focused on Cibiuk Village/District, Garut Regency. Methodology: This district was chosen as it is one of the Islamic bases in West Java Province. In this research, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytics method. Main Findings: The results showed that the comprehension of the Sundanese people towards the Arabic culture, language, and people were elementary and only limited to Islam-related. Consequently, there was a mixed understanding of the three aspects. As a recommendation, certain efforts are necessary to improve their understanding of the Arabic culture, language, and people. Additionally, it was also discovered that the varied understanding could be observed from the aspects of historical distribution – which led to the indigenisation of Islam in Nusantara. Limitations/ Applications: This situation occurred after going through s...

Purpose: This article examined Serat Tasawuf, a manuscript written using Pegon script in the Sundanese language. This manuscript, a collection of the National Library of Indonesia, is important to study because it contains three accurate recipes for those who seek happiness in this world and the Hereafter. Methodology: By using descriptive-analytical methods, the contents of the manuscript were then engaged with psychology, especially with the theory of personality developed by Gordon Willard Allport. Main Findings: The results showed that the contents of the Serat Tasawuf manuscript indicate a need for the formation of a mature personality that must begin in the first phases after birth. It also requires each individual to have an understanding of the basic tasks and functions as worshippers as well as social beings. Each individual must be directed to “learn to be themselves” and “learn to live together”. Implications/Applications: The content of the Serat Tasawuf Manuscript provi...

In this article, we discuss a letter from a local official, named Raden Dipati Natadireja, to Governor-General Franco-Dutch Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811). The letter written on 5 Jumadil akhir year of Dal 1223 AJ (July 25th, 1808) is a collection of the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and is coded ID-ANRI K66a, File 3569, Folio 39-42. Through the letter, Natadireja reported that many officials in Cirebon, especially low-ranking officials, joined the revolters. He also reported that the revolts were led by three respected figures, namely Kulur, Rangin, and Draham. In this research, the manuscript firstly was studied by using the philology theory that contain the method of manuscript study (codicology) and the method of text study (textology). Furthermore, the manuscript content was dialogued to the historical fact in the Cirebon Sultanate so that we obtained a complete understanding about context of writing the manuscript. The result shows that the wave of revolt ...

In this article, I discuss a letter from three high-ranking officials of the Cirebon Sultanate to Thomas Stamford Raffles. The letter written on 25 Syaban 1226 AH (September 11, 1811 AD) is a collection of the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and is coded ID-ANRI K66a, File 3584, Folio 683. Through the letter, they the letter, in essence, they asked for a position to Raffles. As the “old people” in the Cirebon Sultanate, they felt worthy and could occupy certain positions which they submitted themselves to Raffles. In this article, the letter firstly was studied by using the philology theory that contains the method of manuscript study (codicology) and the method of text study (textology). Furthermore, the manuscript content was dialogued to the historical fact in the Cirebon Sultanate, especially in the context of the British plan to occupy Java, so that we obtained a complete understanding of the context of writing the letter. The result shows that when the letter wa...

In this article, I discuss a letter from the first Raden Aria Adipati Prawiradireja (regent of Cianjur period 1813-1833) for Thomas Stamford Raffles. The letter, written on 11 Jumadilawal 1231 Hegira (April 9th, 1816), contain farewell speech to Raffles who have just finished his six-years service as Lieutenant-Governor Java and It's Dependencies. This letter is a British Library collection and it had been put in a ”bundle” coded Add Ms 45273. The letter interests me because it was written by used Latin script and in the Malay language. In fact, the local rulers in Java, in the second decade of the nineteenth century, usually used the Jawi script (on the Malay language) or the Java script (on the Javanese language) in the letter writing. The research result show that Raden Aria Adipati Prawiradireja was the first indigenous ruler who used the Roman script for writing of Malay language. But, the letter was not the first Malay manuscript that written by using the Latin script. It ...

Di dalam artikel ini, penulis mendiskusikan surat dari Raden Dipati Natadireja (seorang pejabat pribumi) kepada Gubernur Jenderal Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811). Surat yang ditulis pada tanggal 5 Jumadil akhir Tahun Dal 1223 Jawa (25 Juli 1808) itu merupakan koleksi Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia dan dan diberi kode ID-ANRI K66a, File 3569, Folio 39-42. Melalui surat itu, Natadireja melaporkan tentang bahwa banyak pejabat di Cirebon, terutama pejabat rendah, justru memilih bergabung dengan kaum pemberontak. Ia pun melaporkan bahwa pemberontakan itu dipimpin oleh tiga tokoh yang sangat disegani, yakni Kulur, Rangin, dan Draham. Naskah tersebut terlebih dahulu dikaji menggunakan teori filologi yang di dalamnya terdapat metode kajian naskah (kodikologi) dan metode kajian teks (tekstologi). Selanjutnya, kandungan naskah didialogkan dengan fakta sejarah di Kesultanan Cirebon sehingga diperoleh pemahaman utuh mengenai konteks kehadiran naskah surat tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gelombang pemberontakan itu telah terjadi setidaknya sejak tahun 1806 karena rakyat Cirebon sudah tidak tahan menerima perlakuan lalim. Padahal, di lain sisi, orang-orang Cina justru beroleh perlakuan istimewa, terutama dalam hal pengelolaan lahan.

Purpose: This article examined Serat Tasawuf, a manuscript written using Pegon script in the Sundanese language. This manuscript, a collection of the National Library of Indonesia, is important to study because it contains three accurate recipes for those who seek happiness in this world and the Hereafter. Methodology: By using descriptive-analytical methods, the contents of the manuscript were then engaged with psychology, especially with the theory of personality developed by Gordon Willard Allport. Main Findings: The results showed that the contents of the Serat Tasawuf manuscript indicate a need for the formation of a mature personality that must begin in the first phases after birth. It also requires each individual to have an understanding of the basic tasks and functions as worshippers as well as social beings. Each individual must be directed to "learn to be themselves" and "learn to live together". Implications/Applications: The content of the Serat Tasawuf Manuscript provides an understanding of the basic tasks and functions as worshippers as well as social beings. Thus, each individual must be directed to "learn to be themselves" and "learn to live together". Novelty/Originality of Current Study: Since the beginning of its presence, the Islamic texts have formed a cultural identity of the ethnic diversity of the people who produce them. There are many other religious texts in the archipelago that are connected to Islamic thinkers in the Arab world. This study has explored the Serat Tasawuf manuscript, an ancient manuscript that was born in the Sunda region, West Java. This study highlights guidelines for those who are in search of happiness in this world and the Hereafter.

Purpose: This research is aimed to analyse the understanding of Sundanese people about Arabic culture, language, and people. The research was focused on Cibiuk Village/District, Garut Regency. Methodology: This district was chosen as it is one of the Islamic bases in West Java Province. In this research, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytics method. Main Findings: The results showed that the comprehension of the Sundanese people towards the Arabic culture, language, and people were elementary and only limited to Islam-related. Consequently, there was a mixed understanding of the three aspects. As a recommendation, certain efforts are necessary to improve their understanding of the Arabic culture, language, and people. Additionally, it was also discovered that the varied understanding could be observed from the aspects of historical distribution-which led to the indigenisation of Islam in Nusantara. Limitations/ Applications: This situation occurred after going through sociological, cultural, and theological stages. When the religion entered and spread in Java, it was not in space since the Javanese had established its values, norms, and traditions. Novelty/Originality of this study: The mixed understanding between elements of Arab and Islamic culture in Sundanese people can be observed from the historical aspects of the spread-which prompted the indigenisation of Islam in the archipelago. Owing to the elementary understanding of Arabic teachings in Sundanese people this study suggested that certain efforts are required to improve their understanding of the Arabic culture, language, and people.

This article discusses the Cempakadilaga manuscript, the work of KH Tubagus Ahmad Bakri (1839-1975), famous ulama who is known as Mama Sempur in Purwakarta, West Java. In reality, the manuscript was completed in 1959. However, the objective of study in this article is the published text, with Mama Sempur’s approval, in 1962. The manuscript, which was written using the Sundanese Pegon script (Sundanese), contains five articles and one faidah.In it, Mama Sempur explained the importance of farming, running an illegitimate business, the obligation to maintain good relations between people, the obligation to serve the government even though it is unjust, and how it is better to prevent harm over bringing benefit. In the faidah, Mama Sempur invited the society to return to the Shafi’i school. The results showed that the Cempakadilaga manuscript was presented as a response to the Indonesian social, economic and political conditions, especially in the late 1950s to the 1960s. At present, Indonesia experiences deterioration in various aspects of life.

The Naskah Kitab Hukum manuscript issued by Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1814 is one of the important manuscripts in the history of a judicial system in Indonesia. The manuscript was published because Raffles, upon his early days of duty, noticed that the existing judicial system in Java was complicated and confusing, constituted in the formalities of the Roman law. This article presents a study of how the Naskah Kitab Hukum became a means of social engineering of the inhabitants of Java through at least three ways: (1) legislation process before the issuing of regulation, (2) accommodating the social cohesion of Java inhabitants into the regulation and (3) domestication of English legal terms which were not familiar to the Java inhabitants.

The Naskah Kitab Hukum manuscript issued by Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1814 is one of the important manuscripts in the history of a judicial system in Indonesia. The manuscript was published because Raffles, upon his early days of duty, noticed that the existing judicial system in Java was complicated and confusing, constituted in the formalities of the Roman law. This article presents a study of how the Naskah Kitab Hukum became a means of social engineering of the inhabitants of Java through at least three ways: (1) legislation process before the issuing of regulation, (2) accommodating the social cohesion of Java inhabitants into the regulation and (3) domestication of English legal terms which were not familiar to the Java inhabitants.

Di dalam artikel ini, saya menceritakan tentang Surat Bupati Cianjur Raden Aria Adipati Prawiradireja (menjabat pada periode 1813-1833) kepada Thomas Stamford Raffles. Surat ditulis pada bulan April 1816 dan berisi tentang salam perpisahan kepada (mantan) Letnan Gubernur Jawa dan Wilayah-wilayah Jajahannya. Uniknya, surat itu ditulis dalam bahasa Melayu dan menggunakan aksara Latin, sesuatu yang masih langka dilakoni oleh para penguasa pribumi di Nusantara.

Sebagian besar sumber sejarah menyebutkan bahwa Sultan Sepuh VII Cirebon bernama Sultan Tajul Ngaripin Muhammad Joharidin. Belakangan, penulis menemukan surat yang menyatakan lain. Sultan yang menjabat pada periode 1791-1816 itu ternyata bernama Sultan Tajul Ngaripin Muhammad Samsuddin, tokoh yang selama ini dianggap sebagai Sultan Sepuh VIII Cirebon.

Abstrak Tengku Pangeran Siak merupakan salah satu sosok penting dalam rencana pendudukan Inggris terhadap pulau Jawa. Ia merupakan salah seorang utusan, bahkan didapuk sebagai best assistant, Thomas Stamford Raffles. Selain mengantarkan surat diplomasi, ia juga ditugaskan untuk " merayu " para penguasa sejumlah negeri di tanah Melayu agar menyetujui langkah Inggris untuk menduduki Jawa. Ia berlayar dari Malaka menuju Jawa pada pekan terakhir Desember 1810 dan baru kembali awal Mei 1811. Sepanjang pelayaran ke Jawa, ia mengirimkan lima pucuk surat kepada Raffles. Setelah dikaji melalui pendekatan jurnalisme, teks-teks surat Tengku Pangeran Siak bisa dikategorikan sebagai sebuah reportase perjalanan. Ia mengisahkan setiap " etape " pelayarannya dengan sangat detail. Ia pun mengungkapkan begitu banyak informasi penting dan menarik mengenai daerah-daerah yang sempat disinggahi, termasuk berbagai peristiwa yang ia alami sendiri. Teks di dalam surat-surat itu telah memenuhi prinsip-prinsip yang dianut oleh jurnalisme, di antaranya faktual, komprehensif, dan proporsional. Kefaktualan " reportase " itu diperoleh setelah teks surat-surat tersebut " didialogkan " dengan berbagai naskah lain dan arsip sejarah. Dengan demikian, informasi di dalam teks surat-surat Tengku Pangeran Siak memiliki tingkat akurasi tinggi. Di dalam jurnalisme, akurasi merupakan kunci untuk membuat reportase yang komprehensif dan proporsional.

Abstrak: Pada 26 April 1811, Sultan Sepuh VII Cirebon menerima surat dari Thomas Stamford Raffles yang dibawa oleh Tengku Pangeran Sukma Dilaga. Melalui surat tertanggal 19 Desember 1810 itu, Raffles menyatakan keinginan Inggris untuk menduduki pulau Jawa. Ia berjanji tidak akan memperlakukan para penguasa (dan rakyat) secara kejam, sebagaimana orang-orang Belanda dan Prancis. Sultan Sepuh VII pun menulis surat balasan yang menyatakan bahwa dirinya merestui rencana Inggris. Surat inilah yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini. Penulis terlebih dahulu mengkaji naskah dan teks surat tersebut menggunakan metode kajian filologi. Selanjutnya, penulis mengkaji isi teks dengan menggunakan teori strukturalisme genetik. Teori itu meniscayakan penganalisisan segala sesuatu di luar teks, termasuk kondisi sosial, yang melatarbelakangi penciptaan sebuah karya sastra (dalam hal ini teks surat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, surat balasan yang berisi restu terhadap rencana Inggris tersebut merupakan respons Sultan Sepuh VII karena sudah tak lagi kuat menanggung beban dari pemerintah kolonial Belanda Prancis. Abstract: On April 26 th 1811, the 7 th Sultan Sepuh of Cirebon received a letter from Thomas Stamford Raffles brought by Tengku Pangeran Siak. By letter dated December 19th, 1810, Raffles expressed his plan to occupy Java island. He promised not to treat the rulers (and their people) cruelly, as the Dutch and French did. The Sultan wrote a reply stating that he approved the British plan. The reply letter is the object of this research. Firstly, the writer examined the text of the letter by using the philological approach. Secondly, the writer reviewed it by using the genetic structuralism theory. The theory focuses on analyzing everything beyond the text, including the social conditions, underlying the creation of a literary work (the text of the letter taken as a source of data in the study). The result of the research reveals that the letter containing the Sultan's blessing to the British plan was his response as he could no longer endure the burden from the Dutch-French colonial government.

Menceritakan tentang persiapan pasukan Inggris untuk menjalankan misi penaklukan Jawa. Seluruh armada Inggris tiba di perairan Jawa pada 30 Juli 1811. Pada 4 Agustus 1811, barulah armada merapat ke pantai. Sebagian pasukan, dipimpin oleh Kolonel Rollo Gillespie, seorang serdadu urakan, kemudian bergerak ke pusat Batavia yang ternyata telah kosong. Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda Jan Willem Janssens berkonsentrasi untuk mempertahankan benteng Cornelis. Tanggal 12 Agustus 1811, Proklamasi Batavia diterbitkan meski benteng Cornelis belum berhasil direbut dan Janssens belumlah menyerah. Sang gubernur jenderal baru tertangkap pasukan Inggris sebulan kemudian.

Rupanya, invasi terhadap Pulau Jawa bukanlah murni perintah Kerajaan Inggris. Semua bermula dari inisiatif pribadi Lord Minto, gubernur jenderal India di Benggala. Ia merasa "geregetan" karena Kerajaan Inggris tak jua mengeluarkan perintah untuk menyingkirkan pengaruh Perancis (Napoleon Bonaparte) di "Lautan Timur".
Ia pun berinisiatif menyerang Mauritius dan Bourbon Island (kini dikenal sebagai Reunion Island). Saat itulah, Lord Minto menerima perintah untuk melanjutkan aksi ke Jawa. Rangkaian aksi itu pun sukses.
Lord Minto beruntung karena memiliki seorang "wakil" di Tanah Melayu yang bernama Thomas Stamford Raffles. Tentu saja, Raffles tak sendirian. Ia dibantu sejumlah sosok yang memiliki peranan penting dalam mempersiapkan penaklukan Jawa. Mereka adalah para utusan dan juru tulis. Siapa saja mereka?

Pada Desember 1810, Thomas Stamford Raffles beroleh tugas mahaberat dari Lord Minto, gubernur jenderal India di Benggala. Pria yang kala itu baru berumur 29 tahun tersebut diminta mempersiapkan rencana untuk menaklukkan Pulau Jawa, menyingkirkan pengaruh Perancis dari nusantara.
Langkah pertama yang ia tempuh adalah berkorespondensi dengan para penguasa lokal di tanah Melayu (Malaysia-Indonesia). Melalui surat itu, ia "merayu" agar beroleh dukungan, baik moril maupun material.

Bagus Rangin merupakan sosok pahlawan asal Majalengka, Jawa Barat. Meski berlatar belakang santri, ia digambarkan sebagai sosok pemberani, menguasai taktik perang, dan pandai meloloskan diri dari kepungan musuh. Tak heran, beberapa naskah lokal menyebutkan bahwa Bagus Rangin tak pernah kalah.
Bahkan, sebagian kalangan masyarakat percaya bahwa Bagus Rangin tak mati di tangan pasukan penjajah. Ia moksa.
Ini bertolak belakang dengan data sejarah yang menyebutkan bahwa Bagus Rangin ditangkap lalu dieksekusi mati pada tahun 1812. Sebagian kalangan masyarakat, sosok yang dieksekusi itu bukanlah Bagus Rangin, melainkan seseorang yang "diserupakan". Ya, tak ubahnya kisah Nabi Isa.
Pemerintah Kabupaten Majalengka sepertinya meragu atas eksistensi perjuangan Bagus Rangin. Pada awal dekade 2000, nama Jalan Ki Bagus Rangin diubah menjadi Jalan Siti Armilah, sosok yang justru sangat kontroversial.