Modelling the distal impacts of past volcanic gas emissions. Evidence of Europe-wide environmental impacts from gases emitted during the eruption of Italian and Icelandic volcanoes in 1783 [Vers la modélisation des impacts distaux des gaz d'anciennes éruptions volcaniques. Exemples européens liés...more
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This paper presents geochemical data from a blanket peat located close to a Bronze Age copper mine on the northern slopes of the Ystwyth valley, Ceredigion, mid-Wales, UK. The research objective was to explore the possibility that the... more
This paper presents geochemical data from a blanket peat located close to a Bronze Age copper mine on the northern slopes of the Ystwyth valley, Ceredigion, mid-Wales, UK. The research objective was to explore the possibility that the peat contained a geochemical record of the pollution generateD by mining activity. Four peat monoliths were extracted from the blanket peat to reconstruct the pollution history of the prehistoric mine. Three different geochemical measurement techniques were employed and four copper profiles have been reconstructed, two of which are radiocarbon-dated. The radiocarbon dates at one profile located close to the mine confirm that copper enrichment occurs in the peat during the known period of prehistoric mining. Similar enrichment of copper concentrations is shown in one adjacent profile and a profile within 30 m away. In contrast, copper was not enriched in the other radiocarbon-dated monolith, collected approximately 1.35 km to the north of the mine. Whil...
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A peat core from Lindow bog near Manchester, England, was precisely cut into 2 cm slices to provide a high-resolution reconstruction of atmospheric Pb deposition. Radiocarbon and (210)Pb age dates show that the peat core represents the... more
A peat core from Lindow bog near Manchester, England, was precisely cut into 2 cm slices to provide a high-resolution reconstruction of atmospheric Pb deposition. Radiocarbon and (210)Pb age dates show that the peat core represents the period ca. 2000 BC to AD 1800. Eleven radiocarbon age dates of bulk peat samples reveal a linear age-depth relationship with an average temporal resolution of 18.5 years per cm, or 37 years per sample. Using the Pb/Ti ratio to calculate the rates of anthropogenic, atmospheric Pb deposition, the profile reveals Pb contamination first appearing in peat samples dating from ca. 900 BC which clearly pre-date Roman mining activities. Using TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, and SF-ICP-MS to measure the isotopic composition of Pb, the (208)Pb/(206)Pb and (206)Pb/(207)Pb data indicate that English ores were the predominant sources during the pre-Roman, Roman, and Medieval Periods. The study shows that detailed studies of peat profiles from ombrotrophic bogs, using appropriate preparatory and analytical methods, can provide new insight into the timing, intensity, and predominant sources of atmospheric Pb contamination, even in samples dating from ancient times.
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CHAPTER 8 The Long Shadow: Understanding the Influence of the Laki Fissure Eruption on Human Mortality in Europe John Grattan, Sabina Michnowicz, and Roland Rabartin INTRODUCTION Many of the chapters in this book have considered the... more
CHAPTER 8 The Long Shadow: Understanding the Influence of the Laki Fissure Eruption on Human Mortality in Europe John Grattan, Sabina Michnowicz, and Roland Rabartin INTRODUCTION Many of the chapters in this book have considered the impact of vol-canic eruptions on ...
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Skeletal material from 36 people, dating from the early Christian era, who lived by or worked in the notorious Roman copper mines of Phaeno, were analysed to determine their exposure to copper and lead. We demonstrate that many of the... more
Skeletal material from 36 people, dating from the early Christian era, who lived by or worked in the notorious Roman copper mines of Phaeno, were analysed to determine their exposure to copper and lead. We demonstrate that many of the bones analysed had a substantially higher concentration of these cations than modern individuals exposed to metals through industrial processes. Health, toxicological and environmental implications of these data are reviewed.
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... Quaternary aeolianites and volcanic bedrocks is a recurrent theme in the dolomite as a primary precipitate model (see von der Borch and Lock ... from the Southern Ocean to the west and the main Coorong Lagoon to the north over the... more
... Quaternary aeolianites and volcanic bedrocks is a recurrent theme in the dolomite as a primary precipitate model (see von der Borch and Lock ... from the Southern Ocean to the west and the main Coorong Lagoon to the north over the last 2-2.5 thousand years (Harvey 1981); the ...
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... Key words: tephra, volcanic eruptions, Laki, Hekla, acids, halogens, environmental impact, British Isles, Iceland, historical evidence. ... of surface-temperature response has been observed to be minimal (Newell, 1981; Self et al.,... more
... Key words: tephra, volcanic eruptions, Laki, Hekla, acids, halogens, environmental impact, British Isles, Iceland, historical evidence. ... of surface-temperature response has been observed to be minimal (Newell, 1981; Self et al., 1981; Kelly and Sear, 1984; Bradley, 1988; Mass ...
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... Pyatt, FB and Lacy, D. (1988) An appraisal of atmospheric pollution by aluminium fumes emanating from smelter works in western Norway ... Waterston, AR, Holden,AV, Campbell, RN and Maitland, PS (1979) The inland waters of the Outer... more
... Pyatt, FB and Lacy, D. (1988) An appraisal of atmospheric pollution by aluminium fumes emanating from smelter works in western Norway ... Waterston, AR, Holden,AV, Campbell, RN and Maitland, PS (1979) The inland waters of the Outer Hebrides, Proceedings of the Royal ...