Marina Hughson (Blagojevic)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
VOICES OF MEN...
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THEORETICAL AND HYPOTHETICAL FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH
3. MEN IN PUBLIC POLICIES AND STATISTICS
4. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE
5. RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PRIMARY FAMILY
6. EXPERIENCE OF VIOLENCE IN CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH
7. RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PRESENT FAMILY
8. PARENTING
9. SEXUALITY, SEX WORK AND TRANSACTIONAL SEX
10. PERPETRATION OF VIOLENCE AND VIOLENT VICTIMISATION IN THE LIVES OF ADULT MEN
11. HEALTH
12. WAR EXPERIENCES
13. IDENTITY
14. GEM SCALE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS GENDER EQUALITY
15. NEW GENDER PATTERNS? RESULTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
16. CONCLUSION: CHANGES, RESISTANCES AND CHALLENGES
17. RECOMMENDATIONS: KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH
18. Bibliography
Appendices

Contents
Acknowledgments.......................................................................7
Introduction ...........................................................................11
Personal Trajectory through the Knowledge Maze ...............11
The Semiperipheral Perspective:
Organization of the Book.......................................................22
Chapter 1
Non-‘White’ Whites, Non-European Europeans and
Gendered Non-Citizens: On A Possible Epistemic
Strategy from the Semiperiphery of Europe ............................27
Chapter 2
Creators, Transmitters and Users: Women’s
Scientific Excellence at the Semiperiphery of Europe............65
Chapter 3
Gender and Knowledge at the Balkan
Semiperiphery: Women in Science ..........................................97
Chapter 4
Hungarian Women Scientists Returnees: Becoming
a Cultural Minority or Being Integrated into the Elite? ....... 119
Chapter 5
Women Professionals from the Semiperiphery
of Europe: New European Proletariat? .................................. 161
Chapter 6
Nomadic Scientists in a Transnational
Landscape: Practicing Intersectionality................................. 179
Chapter 7
Shifting the Paradigm: Arguing for the
Positive History Approach......................................................201
Conclusion: Towards an Abundance Paradigm.................227
Literature.................................................................................241
6

SADRŽAJ
ZAHVALNICA
REZIME
GLASOVI MUŠKARACA...
1. UVOD
2. TEORIJSKO-HIPOTETIČKI OKVIR ISTRAŽIVANJA
3. MUŠKARCI U JAVNIM POLITIKAMA I STATISTICI
4. SOCIO-DEMOGRAFSKE KARAKTERSITIKE UZORKA
5. ODNOSI U PRIMARNOJ PORODICI
6. ISKUSTVO NASILJA U DETINJSTVU I MLADOSTI
7. ODNOSI U SADAŠNJOJ PORODICI
8. RODITELJSTVO
9. SEKSUALNOST, SEKSUALNI RAD I TRANSAKCIONI SEKS
10. VRŠENJE I TRPLJENJE NASILJA U ŽIVOTIMA ODRASLIH MUŠKARACA
11. ZDRAVLJE
12. RATNA ISKUSTVA
13. IDENTITET
14. GEM SKALA I STAVOVI O RODNOJ RAVNOPRAVNOSTI
15. NOVI RODNI OBRASCI? REZULTATI KVALITATIVNOG ISTRAŽIVANJA
16. ZAKLJUČAK: PROMENE, OTPORI I IZAZOVI
17. PREPORUKE: ZNANJE I ISTRAŽIVANJA
18. Reference
Dodaci

Thematic Issue of "Sociologija" Vol. LX, No 1, March 2018.

Marina Hughson: EDITOR'S WORD

This thematic issue of Sociologija Journal is published under the title
„Feminism, Knowledge Production and Social Change: Critical Perspectives from the Semiperiphery of Europe”. It consists of 23 papers which offer an interesting and evolving overview of what are the epistemic, theoretical,institutional, political and contextual challenges when dealing with feminist knowledge production at the semiperiphery of Europe, and beyond. Some of them also provide us with fresh insights into new feminist research in the region. This issue mainly brings together presentations delivered at the Workshop organized in Belgrade on 25th of November 2017, together with a few other texts which were
added to the collection, since they are well-suited to this overall thematic issue. We bring together authors from different countries of the semiperiphery, who have done research based in different theoretical approaches and with different methodologies, often interdisciplinary. The Workshop was organized by SEFEM,(Section for feminist research and critical studies on masculinities).The reason behind organizing a workshop and editing this thematic issue is that, despite the fact that feminism and women’s movements in Eastern and Southeastern Europe continuously generate high level interests in transnational gender study communities, the links between sociology, social research and
feminism in the societies in question are consistently weak, and feminist
knowledge is only marginally connected to mainstream sociology as an academic discipline. Further on, theoretical advancements in sociology, social theory and feminist theory develop mostly independently and without a dialogue. In countries “in transition” feminism has been largely understood as daily political practice and reduced to “policy making” while its fundamental transformational role in knowledge production and consequently in the production of progressive social change has been marginalized. Feminist theoreticians and researchers are covered by the veil of invisibility, and their knowledge contributions are seen
as irrelevant to the main body of knowledge, as non-objective and often highly “ideologized”. The space for introduction of feminist knowledge as fundamental critical knowledge, which supports social  ransformation in its depth, has been severely limited. On the other hand, gender studies communities often do not show enough interest in defining contextually relevant knowledge, and instead, mostly engage in transmission of knowledge from the “core”, often even without adequate translation into the respective social and discursive contexts. Present practices of scientific measurements which favor “core” and, more specifically,
Anglo-Saxon based knowledge hierarchies, do not support creative feminist scholarly engagements and interventions into the societies and academia of the semiperiphery. The attitudes of both sides, feminist scholars and dominant sociology scenes in the societies at the semiperiphery of Europe, have complex epistemic, theoretical and practical/political implications which have been explored in this thematic volume and brought into the light for the purpose of constructive dialogue between scholarly communities of feminists and sociologists.
Although feminist scholars from the semiperiphery share the experience
of marginalization similarities of their experiences and their deep activist
commitments hold a potential for the creation of powerful transversal dialogues as a source and inspiration for further knowledge production. The epistemic advantage from the marginalized position is confirmed across the papers, as was also the case in the Workshop. What emerges is a field of new knowledge, knowledge about the semiperiphery coming from the semiperiphery, equally as a counter-epistemic strategy, as well as an activist goal per se. Existing
nodes of repeated theoretical misunderstandings with the “core” and habitual conceptual confusions, call for new theoretical alliances and encounters, within feminist sociology and across the disciplines. Further on, growing political and economic pressures activate creative potentials of feminist critical thinking, as an inspirational pool of thought, and possible new theoretical breakthroughs. Transnational epistemic alliances of feminist scholars from the semiperiphery are long overdue – almost three decades on from the fall of the Berlin wall. As these papers show, these alliances are not only needed, but they are also possible.

SUMMARY
Men in Serbia: The Other Side of Gender In/equality
In Serbia there is a huge vacuum when it comes to knowledge and research on men and masculinity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to introduce the topic into the Serbian academic context and to the wider public. It was done via connection ofcontemporary theory and research, in fact critical studies on men and masculinities, with the theory of semiperipheriality, which has been developed by the author over the last decade. Thiskind of approach should enable well contextualized and empirically based knowledge to disclose a grounded picture on men and masculinities in present day Serbia. The author insists on the fact that gender regimes at the semiperiphery, as well as the position of men, and the construction of hegemonic masculinity,are closely connected, not only with the “transition” of thepost-socialist Serbia, but, in fact, with its semi-peripheral position. She conducts the analysis based on her own empirical research to prove how semiperipheriality itself becomes a source for specific practices and discourses which construct Serbian contemporary men and hegemonic masculinity. While aware of the contemporary theoretical debates on “hegemonic masculinity”, the author is also aware of the needs of the Serbiancontext, and she finds a way to take both a critical perspective, as well as to make a choice on which concepts can actually advance the debate on masculinity in a concrete Serbian context. Throughout the book, the author engages in discussions about differentepistemic and theoretical issues, as well as on methodological issues related to statistical indicators and definitions. But, having in mind also practical implications, as well as responsibility towards the context itself, the author introduces the topic on men and masculinity in Serbia in a way which is coherent with the tacit knowledge in the academic community, other relevant research on society and family, and, as well, with the needs of policy makers.
This book has six chapters. In the first, the author exhibits a theoretical framework and conceptual network for research on men and masculinity in Serbia. In the second chapter, she delivers a statistical overview of men in Serbia, based on official statistics, and discusses presentserious methodological limitations in dealings with gender equality and, especially, men. In the third chapter, the focus is on everyday life, and men’s practices and attitudes, based on empirical research in Serbia. The fourth chapter is devoted to violence, where the emphasis is on role of violence in the construction and production of masculinity,and “gender as violence”. The author is also discussing young men’s violence, and misogyny as a constitutive part of men’s identity. This chapter also gives an overview ofsome good practices in combating male violence worldwide. The fifth chapter is devoted to the de/construction of men’s identity. The authoranalyses how Serbian male identity is built on two dominant ambivalences, the first being the one towards the “center”, the “West”, and the other, the ambivalence towards women, which has been extremely pronounced due to the phenomenon of “self/sacrificing micro-matriarchy” (Blagojević, 1994). These two ambivalences create permanently unstable and in fact “empty” identity based on contradictions, whichwhen unresolved lead tohigh levels of destructive and auto-destructive behavior. This chapter also exhibits the results from the research which shows how “identity” itself is losing ground in confrontation with harsh everyday life and a survival economy. New identities are also emerging, together with a deep transformation of hegemonic masculinity. In the sixth chapter, the author speaks about “gender (and every other) reconciliation”, insisting on de-essentialisation and de-naturalization of gender, ethnic and all other “essentialized” differences, as a precondition for reconciliation
Key words: men, masculinities, Serbia, semiperiphery, gender regimes, everyday life, identities, misogyny

The Migration of Serbs and Montenegrins from Kosovo and Metohija
Results of the Survey Conducted in 1985-1986
Accepted at the 6th meeting of the Department of Social Sciences of June 7, 1988, on the basis of the reviews presented by Radomir Lukic, member of Academy, and Prof. dr. Alice Verthajmer-Baletic
Editor MILOS MACURA Member of Academy
BEOGRAD 1992
Published by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

http://balkania.tripod.com/resources/history/migrations/mk_1.html

Marina Hughson
The Semiperiphery and Gender: The
Rebellion of the Context
This monograph is following a path I have established over
a decade ago, in dealing with the phenomena of the
semiperiphery. It is a step forward toward defining what is
named here as: theory of semiperipheriality. The major idea is
that it is necessary to move from a geographical and material
connotation of the semiperiphery, to identification of its
structural characteristics, which come out from its positionality,
being between the core and the periphery. However, based on my
previous research and extensive experience, through expert
projects related to the European semiperiphery, and mainly
postsocialist countries, I try to draw conclusions on structural
dispositions of the semiperiphery. In the Introduction, I map out
my intellectual trajectories that led to defining the theory of thesemiperipheriality. In the second part, under the title „What is
the theory of the semiperipheriality for?” I try to explain how the
East-West debate is still going on, and how the global knowledge
hierarchies, including feminism, exclude the critical views of
Eastern European feminists. The epistemic consequence of such
exclusion is profound distortion of knowledge. Further on, I claim
that the project of defining this theory is in line with the creation
of „world-centered-knowledge” (Connell, 2014), since it actually
allows for the theoretical connection of the semiperipheral
societies to the global neoliberal developments. In the following
chapter I draw the major coordinates of the theory of the
semiperipheriality, including: positionality between the core and
the periphery which leads to the mixture of both; „lagging
behind”; hybridity; diachronicities; „de-development” and
„surplus of humans”. In the next chapter I explicitly deal with
gender regimes at the semiperiphery and their characteristics
which can be connected to the semiperipheriality of societies in
question. I introduce two concepts: „self/sacrificing micromatriarchy”,
and „the masculinity crises”, to explain how the
dynamics of gender regimes is being shaped largely by wider
social processes taking place at the semiperiphery, and in fact
being created by semiperipheriality as such. In the last chapter,
under the title: „Gender policies at the semiperiphery: the
rebellion of the context” I discuss why the semiperipheral
perspective is essential for understanding what „works” and what
„does not work” in the domain of gender policies. Based on my
recent analysis, where I compared gender related projects in 12
countries in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans during tenyears, I develop a model under the name of „gender equality
policy field”, and identify the movements and developments in
that field over the time. I also show how the success of the policy
project is related to the proper contextualization. Momentum for
some gender equality intervention changes, according to a certain
cycle, and the success is also highly dependent on that
momentum. Finally, I conclude that as much as innovativeness
and enthusiasm for gender equality have shaped the policy field
in the countries of the semiperiphery, that much the features of
the semiperipheriality, including the existence of „facade
democracies”, within the cartography of global financial
capitalism, actually shape the scope and possibilities of policy
intervention.

This book re-visits research originally made as a sociological and demographic exploration of the position of professionally successful women in the former Yugoslavia. The text is structured according to two major lines: the first is an exhibition of the social position of women professionals, the other is the exposure of knowledge around which the argumentation is built in the time when the original
research was made, the other half of the 80s. The author’s intention is to show not only what the problems were in social reality of that time, but also to examine whether knowledge which was available then had adequate explanatory and predictive power, looking from today’s perspective. At the time when the original research was made, the theoretical framework could be described as humanistically oriented critical sociology, as well as a combination of Marxist and feminist approaches. Although many of the findings are absolutely valid even today, many of the expectations and
predictions simply failed, as the direction of social development, in the post-Yugoslav space and globally, has taken a very different turn from the 90s on. Throughout this
new text the author comments on the difference of what was expected, and could have been a „logical” outcome of what was then defined as „development”, and what actually has happened in reality from the 90s on. The title of the book is „Tomorrow was Yesterday”, meaning that the „horizon of hope” has changed profoundly in the last few decades, with the global neoliberal grip on societies at the semiperiphery, such as post-Yugoslav societies.

k a n c e l a r i j a z a r o d n u r a v n o p r a v n o s t S t a n k a D r a g o j e v i ć a 2 2 0 0 0 0 P o d g o r i c a , C r n a G o r a T e l. / F a x : + 3 8 2 2 0 2 4 4 1 4 5 ; 2 4 4 1 4 9 E-m a i l : g e n d e r. k a n c e l a r i j a @ m n. y u g e n d e r v r c g @ m n. y u W e b s i t e : w w w. g e n d e r. v l a d a. c g. y u

Zbornik radova, urednci Marina Hughson i Zoran Stevanovic. Izdavac, Institut za kriminoloska i socioloska istrazivanja, Beograd, 2015.
SADRŽAJ

PREDGOVOR


I DEO
DRUŠTVENA DEZINTEGRACIJA:
OD MAKRO DO MIKRO NIVOA

Dr Marina Hughson
OTKRIVANJE OČIGLEDNOG? ZAŠTO JE
POTREBNA TEORIJA POLUPERIFERIJALNOSTI? 17

Dr Olivera Pavićević
SRBIJA U KONTINUITETU KULTURE NASILJA-EFEKTI
POSTTRANZICIONE KULTURNE PARADIGME

Dr Hajdana Glomazić
ULOGA MEDIJA U SOCIJALNOJ KONSTRUKCIJI REALNOSTI

Mr Miroslav Ivanović
PROBLEMI PREVENCIJE, SUZBIJANJA I ZAKONSKOG
REGULISANJA KRIMINALA POVEZANOG S DROGAMA

MA Jasmina Igrački
KRIVIČNOPRAVNE I KRIMINOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE
NASILNIČKOG KRIMINALITETA U SRBIJI
Dr Janko Međedović, MA Boban Petrović, Dr Jelena Želeskov-Đorić
PRO-KRIMINALNE DISPOZICIJE: SLIČNOSTI I RAZLIKE
IZMEĐU KONCEPATA I NJIHOVE PREDIKTIVNE SPOSOBNOSTI

Dr Jasna Hrnčić
PREVENCIJA ANTISOCIJALNOG PONAŠANJA KOD MLADIH
Dr Vesna Gojković, MA Jelena Dostanić
NARCIZAM KAO INDIKATOR MALADAPTIVNIH FORMI PONAŠANJA

MA Sonja Milojević
AFFECT REGULATION IN DELINQUENTS: CHARACTERISTICS
AND CHANCE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS

MA Milena Milićević
PARTICIPACIJA I KVALITET ŽIVOTA PORODICA
SA DETETOM S CEREBRALNOM PARALIZOM


II DEO
DRUŠTVENA REGULACIJA:
OD ETIČKIH DO PRAKTIČNIH PROBLEMA

Mr Aleksandra Bulatović
ETIČKI ASPEKT DRUŠTVENE KONTROLE:
SAVREMENI DISKURS O INTEGRITETU INSTITUCIJA,
KORUPCIJI I ORGANIZOVANOM KRIMINALU
Mr Dragana Čvorović
JAVNI TUŽILAC KAO MOĆNA FIGURA SAVREMENOG
KRIVIČNOG PROCESNOG ZAKONODAVSTVA
MA Milica Kolaković-Bojović
EFIKASNOST KRIVIČNOG PRAVOSUĐA KAO
SREDSTVO SUZBIJANJA KRIMINALITETA

Prof. dr Momčilo Talijan
JAČANJE INSTITUCIONALNIH I KADROVSKIH
KAPACITETA BEZBEDNOSNIH USTANOVA

Dr Zoran Stevanović
REFORME IZVRŠNOG KRIVIČNOG ZAKONODAVSTVA
U SRBIJI I NJIHOVA USKLAĐENOST SA
MEĐUNARODNIM STANDARDIMA

Mr Ljeposava Ilijić
ZATVORSKA KAZNA I RESOCIJALIZACIJA -faktori ne/uspješnosti-

Dr Ivana Stevanović
PRAVA DETETA I REFORMA MALOLETNIČKOG
PRAVOSUĐA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI

Dr Dragan Jovašević
DETE KAO ŽRTVA UBISTVA U PRAVU SRBIJE

Mr Dušan Davidović
PREVENCIJA KRIMINALITETA I SIGURNOST (LOKALNE)
ZAJEDNICE- MESTO PRIVATNOG SEKTORA BEZBEDNOSTI


III DEO
OČUVANJE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE:
IZMEĐU PRAVA I ODGOVORNOSTI

Dr Vladan Joldžić
TEORIJSKO PRAKTIČKI PRISTUP EKOLOŠKIM PRAVIMA,
VREDNOSTIMA, OBAVEZAMA I ODGOVORNOSTIMA

Dr Vladan Joldžić
KAZNENO PRAVNI PRISTUP EKOLOŠKIM PRAVIMA,
VREDNOSTIMA, OBAVEZAMA I ODGOVORNOSTIMA

Dr Ana Batrićević
PRAVNA ZAŠTITA ŽIVOTINJSKOG SVETA (FAUNE)
KAO INTEGRALNOG DELA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE

MA Vera Stanković
PRAVNI OKVIRI, POTREBA UNAPREĐENJA ZAŠTITE
I POTENCIJALI ODRŽIVOG KORIŠĆENJA ZAŠTIĆENIH
PRIRODNIH PODRUČJA U SRBIJI


IV DEO
REZULTATI RADA NA PROJEKTU

REZULTATI RADA NA PROJEKTU 47011 (2011-2015):
odabrana bibliografija 465

Sadržaj
Vesna Šijački - Predgovor
Marina Blagojević - O projektu
I DEO – O ženskim organizacijama
Gordana Stojaković - Domaća radinost i angažovanje žena u Vojvodini krajem
19. i početkom 20. veka
Marina Blagojević - Ženske seoske organizacije u Vojvodini: staranje o sebi,
o drugima, o zajednici
II DEO - Dobre prakse
Ljiljana Mamula - Društvo kisačkih žena
Ljiljana Mamula - Društvo za zaštitu majke i deteta „Izida“ – Feketić
Ana Pajvančić - Ženska multietnička grupa Seleuš - ekonomsko osnaživanje žena na selu
Ana Pajvančić - Aktiv žena Padina - žene na selu i očuvanje kulturne baštine
Višnja Baćanović - Aktiv žena Neradin - Opština Irig
Višnja Baćanović - Udruženje žena „Morovićanke“ - Opština Šid
III PRILOZI
1. Adresar ženskih seoskih organizacija u Vojvodini

This text has two main goals: the first one is to show how the knowledge  about the status of women scientists at the semiperiphery of  Europe (former Yugoslavia and present Serbia) was not lagging behind  the knowledge about that phenomena in the “center”, and the second, that  the problems of unequal treatment of women scientists can not be  easily resolved by importing ready-made solutions from the “center”.  The analysis  I present here is coming from feminist-sociological perspective, which means that  knowledge production is approached as structured social process  which is also gendered institutionally and epidemically,  as well as along the lines of “excellence”. I critically  examine “scientific excellence”  as the right to recognition, influence and social status, and something which should be dominantly  based on meritocratic evaluation of scientific contribution  (including social sciences)  and not on  the  individual positioning in the dominant hierarchical models of knowledge production,  nationally and transnationally.  To show how “excellence” in reality is defined,  I offer a theoretical model  which  presents “excellence” not for what it is in its own right, but  how it is reduced to a residuum,  after  multiple and intersectional exclusions are made.  Further,  I exhibit main features of  “grounded theory” based on the empirical research in former Yugoslavia, which connects “excellence”  with gender,  social structure and socio-economic development.  At the end, I examine the “possibility” of  “excellence” in the case of an individual woman academic in the field of women’s and gender studies, living and working at the semiperiphery.  I show how her recognition of “excellence” is further complicated to become “impossibility”, due to the double exclusion (from within to without and from without to within , i.e. “muteness” and “numbness” (Blagojević, 2006), which reflects ambivalent relationship of the semiepriphery towards the center (and vice versa), as well as hybrid  and diachronic nature of the semiperiphery. 
Key words: semiperiphery, women scientists scientific excellence,  higher education, Serbia,  Yugoslavia

The text combines major textual contributions by Mikloš Biro, Marina
Blagojević, David MacDonald, Tatjana Perić, Falk Pingel, Cynthia Simmons
and Margaret Smith. It also benefited from comment and criticism
from other team members. Although the team was not part of the original project, it was added at the suggestion of Marina Blagojević, during the June 2002 SI meeting
in Sarajevo – by which time NED research funds had already been apportioned
among the previously established ten teams. Nonetheless, David
Bruce MacDonald organized the team in 2004, which was inspired by
Blagojević’s work on “positive history”. The research and writing was
apportioned among the seven authors, each of whom contributed to an initial
35,800-word draft that was then reviewed by all SI participants in September-
October 2007, after which Prof. MacDonald revised and abridged
it for publication.
It also benefited from comment and criticism from other team members. Although the team was not part of the original project, it was added at the suggestion of Marina Blagojević, during the June 2002 SI meeting in Sarajevo-by which time NED research funds had already been apportioned among the previously established ten teams. Nonetheless, David Bruce MacDonald organized the team in 2004, which was inspired by Blagojević's work on "positive history". The research and writing was apportioned among the seven authors, each of whom contributed to an initial 35,800-word draft that was then reviewed by all SI participants in Sep-tember-October 2007, after which Prof. MacDonald revised and abridged it for publication.

CHAPTER IN THE BOOK:
Conceptualisation of Gender Policy Field
Promoting Gender Equality Abroad
http://www.lit-verlag.de/isbn/3-643-90616-8

The EU’s promotion of gender equality abroad is taking place in the complex and ever-changing contexts of the EU on the one hand, and the societies in question on the other.By engagingwith these complexities my paper will bring new theoretical considerations to the issue, based on different insights from my multiple professional positions. The paper identifies, maps out and conceptualises contexts which are relevant for EU promotion of gender equality abroad, such as: 1. The transnational web of gender stakeholders where the EU is one, but not the exclusive agent in the field, 2. semiperipheral social contexts which bear the characteristics of specific gender regimes, and 3. the gender policy field itself, which has already been established in the “neighbouring countries” in a period of several decades. Instead of arguing for one specific approach or one specific perspective or one disciplinary angle, and instead of concentrating on one specific case study of one policy, this paper examines those interlinking complexities to conclude that contextualisation of policies is necessary as an on-going work in progress of ‘translation and assemblage’ (Clark, Bainton,Lendvai and Stubbs, 2015), but always with the critical edge on empirical data, facts and figures on the existing gender inequalities.  Conceptualisation of the policy contexts as explained in this paper is seen as a necessary condition for adequate contextualisation, which clearly contributes to the effectiveness and impact of EU engagement in the field of gender equality.

U ovom tekstu autorka daje kratak pregled razvoja koncepta poluperiferije i razvoja "teorije poluperiferijalnosti". Ona tvrdi da je bez artikulacije teorije poluperiferijalnosti nemoguće razumeti fundamentalne karakterstike društava koje se nalaze na poluperiferiji Evrope. Posle kratkog pregleda istorije ideje i njene recepcije, autorka pruža pregled teorijskih polazišta
kojima je inspirisano definisanje teorije poluperiferijalnosti (uključujući: "Južnu teoriju", "intersekcionalnost" "dekonstrukciju centara", "teoriju multiplih modernosti", "teoriju stajališta" "teoriju sistema"). Međutim, ključnu
komponentu artikulacije teorije poluperiferijalnosti čine istraživački i ekspertski uvidi koje je autorka stekla radeći na poluperiferiji, i koji su omogućili stvaranje "zasnovane teorije" (grounded theory). Dalje, autorka se koncentriše na dva bitna "stuba" ove teorije, pojmove "raz-razvoja" i "viška ljudi". U poslednjem delu teksta autorka na dva primera pokazuje zašto je neophodna teorija poluperiferijalnosti: na primeru rodnih režima i populacionog razvoja poluperiferije. Autorka tvrdi da je dalji razvoj eksplanatornog i heurističkog potencijala ove teorije značajan, te da bi ovakav teorijski okvir mogao znatno da doprinese boljem i produbljenijem razumevanju problema sa kojima je suočena Srbija, kao poluperiferijsko društvo, a time i boljoj kontekstualizaciji svih javnih politika.

Ovo je auto-intervju, napisan 2014.,  koji je objavljen u knjizi " Deset godina godišnjeg priznanja u oblasti ravnopravnosti polova (2003-2013): životne priče nagradjenih), Zavod za ravnopravnost polova, Novi Sad, 2014.  Autorka se odlučila da samu sebe intervjuise kako bi izbegla kliše i  ispričala priču o svom radu i svojim uverenjima,  onako kako ona to želi.

This paper explores the field of interconnectedness between
knowledge production, the semiperiphery,  gender and  scientific excellence”, which is largely an under-theorized and underresearched field of “absence of knowledge”. It will be tackled with a
combination of theoretical ideas, research findings, personal
observations and concrete examples, including valuable  insights gained from the work process that I developed through my participation in the ENWISE18 Expert Group set up in October 2002
by the European Commission to report on the situation facing
women scientists in the Central and Eastern European countries and in the Baltic States. The focus of this paper is on social sciences and especially gender studies at the semiperiphery for two reasons. The first is theoretical: social sciences are extremely context sensitive sciences, and gender studies development, specifically, at the semiperiphery encompasses many of the problems which reveal the
tensions between gender, creation of new knowledge and
“excellence”. The second reason is practical: my personal experiences relate to those fields.

The aim of this text is to offer a more complex understanding of
the dynamism between women’s high level of inclusion into the
professions, their actual positioning in societal hierarchies and the quality of their lives in semiperipheral countries of Europe. This issue will be discussed through a combination of theoretical ideas, different research findings from  postcommunist countries, and personal observations including valuable insights gained from the participation in the ENWISE28 Expert Group set up in October 2002 by the European Commission to report on the situation facing women scientists in the Central and Eastern European countries and in the Baltic States. The undisputable “truth” about the high relevance of women’s education on the road to gender equality here
is discussed in a non-ideological, post-feminist manner, with the
understanding that gender studies have the “mission” of
“transformative analysis” (Griffin, 2002).

Staranje na mikro nivou predstavlja esenciju zajedničkog života. U suštini, mikrozajednice su fokusirane na staranje o svojim članovima; to je njihova osnovna funkcija. Na mikro nivou se putem staranja reprodukuje heteronor-mativni model, koji podrazumeva da veći deo staranja obavljaju žene, a koji se podupire odgovarajućim diskursima i ideologijama, uključujući i one koje počivaju na tzv. pozitivnim stereotipima. Ipak, staranje je do te mere važno za biološku i socijalnu reprodukciju, kao i za reprodukciju subjektiviteta i identi-teta, da se društveni akteri radije priklanjaju čak i onim aktivnostima koje su iscrpljujuće nego što odustaju od njega. Staranje obuhvata veliki broj veoma različitih aktivnosti, o čemu je već bilo reči. U našem jeziku, na primer, " briga " podrazumeva i aktivnosti i emocije (Blagojević, 2000b), dok se pojam " nega " često vezuje za profesionalnu negu bolesnika ili zavisnih osoba. " Staranje " je, ipak, najobuhvatniji pojam koji obu-hvata i aktivnosti, i emocije, pa i zastupanje onih koji nisu u stanju da sami sebe zastupaju. " Briga " u našem kulturnom kontekstu, kao emocija kojom se obuhvataju svi bliski ljudi, uključuje i širok krug prijatelja i rođaka, dakle onih s kojima ne postoji direktna veza preko nege i staranja. Takođe, staranje i briga se protežu i na partnerske odnose, u kojima oni predstavljaju normalan deo razmene i uzajamnosti, čak i kada ne postoji direktna potreba vezana za bolest ili neki drugi oblik zavisnosti. Ovi pojmovi " staranja " , " brige " i " nege " se, dakle, delimično preklapaju, a delimično su odvojeni, što u suštini otežava njihovu jasnu analitičku upotrebu, ali indirektno ukazuje na svojevrsnu uni-iv deo

Rodnost se u svakodnevnom životu konstituiše svakodnevnim praksama i diskursima, obnavljanjem određenih obrazaca ponašanja, izražavanja i uverenja. Ono što predstavlja poseban problem u sprovođenju, ili implementaciji, rod-nih politika jeste upravo raskorak koji veoma često postoji između onoga što su dnevne i svakodnevne racionalizacije, objašnjenja i razumevanja rodnosti i onoga što su programska ili zakonska načela regulacije rodnosti. " Obični ljudi " , muškarci i žene, veoma često ne sаglеdavaju svoje probleme i izazove na način koji ima veze s rodnim politikama, i obrnuto, rodne politike se često fokusiraju na aspekte rodnih odnosa koje " obični ljudi " mogu doživljavati kao irelevantne, dogmatizovane, pa čak i nasilne. Ciljana promena svakodnevice uvek zahteva određenu sporost i senzibilisanost za različite perspektive jer se brza društvena promena koja favorizuje jednu perspektivu iz ugla svakod-nevice najčešće doživljava kao nasilje i pretnja. Svakodnevica je fokusirana na svoju " normalnost " , na svoje obnavljanje. Ključni pomak koji i istraživanje kao feministički osmišljen postupak, i rodne politike usmerene ka uspostav-ljaju rodne ravnopravnosti, pa i mediji i druge institucije mogu da učine u po-pravljanju " stanja stvari " jeste upravo pomak u samorazumevanju društvenih aktera. Istraživački postupak u kvalitativnom delu istraživanja je bio baziran na dve vrste izvora: na dubinskim intervjuima i na razgovorima u fokus grupama. U dubinskim intervjuima se putem postupka beleženja " životne priče " , koja je bila strukturirana preko osnovnih životnih faza i oblasti, polako ulazilo u polje

Ovo je poslednji deo Rodnog barometra posvecen lekcijama i izazovima. Diskurzivna analiza pokazuje da je veliki deo svakodnevnog života zapravo ono što je izvan rodnosti ili osvešćene rodnosti. Solidaristička priroda porodičnog života, čak i uz promene koje se dešavaju kada se porede različite generacije, konstantno omogućuje tok dobara, usluga i resursa od jedne do druge osobe u porodičnom domaćinstvu, pri čemu se gubi ideja o posebnosti, različitosti ili suprotstavljenosti interesa. I dok u izvesnom broju slučajeva rigidno patrijar-halno ustrojstvo doprinosi pojačanoj eksploataciji žena, u drugim slučajevima podela rada i odgovornosti po polu ne podrazumeva " izrabljivanje " jedne ili druge strane, već način funkcionisanja koji omogućuje preživljavanje celine, a naročito njenih najslabijih karika (dece, starih, bolesnih, zavisnih). Ili, kako je to iskazala jedna ispitanica odgovarajući na pitanje ko je brinuo o bolesnim članovima porodice: " Mi tako živimo svi zajedno, da smo brinuli jedni o drugi-ma... " Diskurs o domaćinstvu je unutar rodnih politika izrazito ekonomistički i naj-češće koncentrisan na " merljivost " : prihoda, vremena, imovine. Kvalitativna analiza domaćinstava i načina na koji ona funkcionišu otkrila je, međutim, da iz perspektive svakodnevnog života i njegove smeštenosti unutar matrice koja je prikazana na početku, rodnost deluje, i to ograničeno, pre svega " ka unu-tra " , ali je " ka spolja " u velikoj meri isposredovana porodičnom pripadnošću. Ka " unutra " ona deluje kroz podelu rada u domaćinstvu, a " ka spolja " je njeno ispoljavanje u velikoj meri određeno klasnom/slojnom pripadnošću porodice. " Ka unutra " čak ni najobrazovanije žene nisu " oslobođene " prinude svoje rod...

Svako istraživanje, pa i ovo, u suštini je disciplinovanje pogleda na neko odre-đeno polje, pri čemu u tom disciplinovanju posebnu ulogu imaju teorije i teorijski koncepti. Već sam izbor teorija i pojmova kroz koje će se posmatrati određeno polje u velikoj meri određuje njegove rezultate. U ovom istraživanju se sasvim namerno ne polazi od određene " teorije " , već se ono smešta u mrežu pojmova koja treba da " uhvati " pojavnu raznolikost svakodnevice na poluperiferiji, i to kroz rodnu perspektivu. Ovaj otklon od bilo koje specifične teorije učinjen je pre svega iz uverenja da ne postoji jedna i adekvatna " te-orija " za kompleksan pristup koji se ovde zastupa i koji predstavlja pokušaj simultanog pomeranja na više nivoa: teorijskom, metodološkom i na nivou ciljno-racionalnog delovanja ovaploćenog u javnim, tj. rodnim politikama. Te-žnja da se od neke " teorije " u društvenim naukama pođe da bi se ona empirijski testirala zastarela je i anahrona, a u našem slučaju bi takav pristup bio i veoma kontraproduktivan. Umesto toga, ovde se nudi razmatranje nekih pojmova koji, umreženi, dopunjuju jedni druge, a istovremeno doprinose dis-ciplinovanju interpretacije. Naime, važno je napomenuti da ovo istraživanje nije samo istraživanje o rodnosti u društvu, već o društvu koje je i samo konstituisano i proizvedeno rodnošću, odnosno rodnim režimima. I više od toga: sam društveni razvoj proizvode određeni rodni režimi, i lokalno i globalno. Taj drugi aspekt, tj. kako rodni poredak proizvodi društvo i kako određuje njegov razvoj, pre-često se marginalizuje u našoj društvenoj teoriji. U naučnoj produkciji Srbije i deo

This text was published in:  Kersten-Pejanić R., Rajilić S. and Voss Ch. (eds.): DOING GENDER – DOING BALKANS, Berlin:Kubon and Sagner GmbH, 2012

In order to analyze any contemporary social issue, including gender, there are basically two possible directions which can be taken. One is to look backward, to the history of ideas, and possibly ‘real’ history, which is often presented as history of wars, hierarchies and antagonisms, and the other is to look
forward, to envision the future, and then, from that perspective, to try to encourage and speed up social change in a desirable direction. While certainly there are lessons to be learned from the first, it is actually more challenging to take the second road, since a necessary shift in the dominant interpretation of history is deeply connected to the possibilities of social transformation.
Social and economic crises denote periods of time when weakened social structures allow for human agency to be stronger and more effective. Therefore, it is especially important to inspire that agency by restoring trust and
hope and by generating visions of constructive solutions. The normative will eventually become real, if more and more people embrace new visions. The question is, though, how to get from ‘here’ to ‘there’ and this paper is an attempt to define one possible road. So, the aim of this paper is twofold: to put the Balkan wars in the wider context of globalization, on one hand, which will enhance deeper understanding of dynamics of war production, and, on the other hand, to promote the idea of inevitability of connection of gender and ethnic reconciliation. However, the main purpose of this paper is to promote the idea of pozistorija (positive history), the history of living together which has been largely marginalized in the Balkans and elsewhere. Pozistorija, as a method of deconstruction of
discourses of hate and exclusions, and as an approach which can disclose marginalized evidence on real and lived  multiculturalisms in former Yugoslavia, can feed the hope and encourage reconciliation processes in the Balkans.

Ciljovog teksta ja da kritički preispita pojam "naučne izvrsnosti", jer jeon u svojoj suštini, kako je definisan i kako se primenjuje, zasnovan na seriji isključivanja: po linijama roda, starosti (generacije), rase, etniciteta, lokacije, discipline. Ono što dibija status "izvrsnosti" jeono što je zvanično, institucionalno, prepoznato kao izvrsnost. To je svojevrsna tautologija isključivanja: oni koji su već isključeni ne mogu biti uključeni, jer su isključeni...

U ovom tekstu izneti su neki rezultati regionalnog komparativnog istraživanja
o samim roditeljima. Analiza se odnosi na onaj deo istraživanja koje je
sprovedeno u RS, i to samo na deo koji se odnosi na institucionalnu analizu.
Podaci o institucionalnom okruženju prikupljani su na osnovu detaljno razrađenog
upitnika za „country report”, koji su bili zasnovani kako na zvaničnim
izvorima, tako i na intervjuima sa različitim „praktičarima”. Kada se uporede
podaci u regionu (BiH, Srbija, Crna Gora), može se procijeniti da je udio
jednoroditeljskih domaćinstava 10–15 % (sa ili bez proširene porodice), da je
udio samohranih majki 70–85 % a samohranih očeva 15–30 %. S obzirom na
ovakve podatke, može se zaključiti da ova kategorija ima znatan udio u ukupnom
stanovništvu, ali nije dovoljno prepoznata. S tim u vezi je i marginalizacija
samohranih roditelja i njihovih porodica.
Analiza je pokazala da je potrebno preduzeti korake u sledećim pravcima:
stvaranju odgovarajućeg sistema evidentiranja i praćenja jednoroditeljskih
porodica; potrebno je ustanoviti alimentacioni; neophodno je da se centri za
socijalni rad ojačaju, institucionalno, stručno (uključujući i to da se zaposleni
više rodno senzibilišu) i finansijski, kako bi bili u mogućnosti da pruže odgovarajuću
podršku roditeljima, koja bi obuhvatala i psihološku, i pravnu pomoć;
neophodno je ojačati same samohrane roditelje i njihovo umrežavanje;
potrebno je osmisliti posebne programe za podršku deci samohranih roditelja,kako bi se na vreme zaštitila od različitih oblika rizičnog i socijalno devijantnog
ponašanja.

The paper's theoretical framework is situated at the intersection of critical studies on men and mascu-linities with the theory of semiperipheriality. It analyses major trends in the transformation of gender regimes, including fatherhood, from the end of the 1980s until today. The analysis shows there is no simple unilinear development in the trend of men's growing engagement in caring. Instead, the emancipatory effects of care are becoming quite ambiguous for both genders since progressive social change has been taken over by a process of de-development of the semiperiphery within the larger landscape of neoliberal globalisation. To capture the change, the author introduces the novel concept of male hegemony built on opportune hybridity.

This book raises serious questions on a number of issues related to epistemic injustice
and hermeneutic injustice; the specifi c ethics of feminist research, the feminist
dimension of any social science research, and the diff erence between activist research
and academic research on activism and feminist activists. It is not the merits of this
book but its serious fl aws that could inspire new questions on how to make research
more engaged but also more sensitive, ethical, and heuristically relevant. Hopefully,
through that process of learning, some feminist alliances could be built and rebuilt
again and around the places of common understanding of what feminist ethics is
about and what really is the feminist cause.

This paper describes the parochial predicament of the social sciences by looking at world sociology in its Janus-like face: on the one hand we focus on the intellectual, political, and sometimes even ethical compromises that social scientists in European semiperipheral countries forgo in order to gain acceptance and recognition in world sociology. On the other hand we show how these compromises paradoxically impoverish intellectual potentialities in the major centers of academic excellence too. In the analyses we focus on different interrelated facets of scholarly work where these paradoxes take shape: problem setting and conceptualization, the hierarchy of scholarly publications, the definition of excellence through citation patterns, scientific conferences, and lastly, funding schemes for research. We argue that the social and the political organization of the World System of Science jeopardizes free access to multiple and plural perspectives of the social. A potential source of ideas, theories, and paradigms is hampered by the hierarchical division of labor between scientists in the centers of science and their peers in semiperipheral countries, whose knowledge remains unutilized and sidelined.

A lot of empirical evidence on demographic changes in ’countries in transition’, those which belong to the semi-periphery of Europe, has been undertheorized, or theorized in the framework of the theories on the First and the Second Transition. However, both of those metanarratives have proven to be applicable only to a certain degree when it comes to the development off population at the semi-periphery. This paper argues that specificity and unprecedented population developments of the semi-periphery of Europe call for a different approach, one which will actually clearly acknowledge the structural difference between the core and the semi-periphery, and the developmental dependence as a core of the problem. The main arguments are related to the specificities of gender regimes at the semi-periphery [Blagojević 2009; Blagojević 2013; Bobić 2013], as well as to the process of ’de-development’ which results in a profound social structural change. The starting epistemological points for this type of approach relate to the three strands of theoretical developments: 1. feminist standpoint theory (semi-periphery is both strategic standpoint for knowledge articulation, as well as a location where connection between the ontology and the epistemology of gender could be reaffirmed – [Wickramasinghe 2006; Blagojević 2009]; 2. Connell’s critique of ’metropolitan theory’ [Connell 2007],and her vision of ’polycentric social science’ [Connell, 2013]; and finally, 3. the idea of multiple modernities and multiple trajectories of modernization [Eisenstadt, 2002]. Historically speaking, demography as a discipline has been empirically rich, but theoretically ’poor’. Striving towards more theory, towards grounded theory, can profoundly enrich our understanding of the population change, by connecting micro, mezzo and macro level into a more heuristically rewarding manner, and, at the same time, it would be moving towards effectiveness and meaningfulness of the population policies.
KEYWORDS: semi-periphery, first demographic transition, second demographic transition, de-development, countries in transition, depopulation, gender regimes.

This paper aims to answer two main questions: 1. what is the relation between urbanization, gender regimes and everyday lives of women at the European semiperiphery and 2. what is the role of urban planning in shaping gender relevant social changes? The authors present an historical overview of intersections between urbanization, planning and gender regimes, from socialist to present neoliberal conditions, the overview of gender aspects of everyday urban life and also engage with analysis of challenges of gender sensitive planning and development at the European semiperiphery. The analysis is mostly based on the case of Serbia and ex-Yugoslav region and has three main objectives: to define key challenges for engendering urban development and planning in the semiperiphery, to map out the 'knowledge gaps', and to suggest guidelines for further research. In conclusion the authors state that urbanization at the semiperiphery on the one hand opens new opportunities for women, but also poses new challenges that make gender sensitive to urban planning very relevant for the quality of life of both genders. The 'gender and social double blindness' of urban planning and neoliberal urban development model at the European semiperiphery, are seen both as one of the key challenges to gender equality, as well as one of the consequences of their semiperipherial position.

Prevazilaženje hegemonih rodnih identiteta predstavlja, ipak,
nezaustavljiv proces. U osnovi tog procesa leži pre svega pojačana
fragmentacija rodnih identiteta, na šta ubedljivo ukazuje intersekcionalna analiza. Takođe, hegemoni rodni identiteti su duboko destabilizovani preispitivanjem raznih "prirodnih odrednica", od seksualnosti, do biološke reprodukcije, pa i binarnog modela rodnosti. Na kraju, dva bitna strukturalna procesa takođe deluju u pravcu dekonstrukcije hegemonog maskuliniteta u Srbiji. Prvi proces je proces neoliberalne globalizacije, koja urušava ekonomsku moć muškaraca u centru, a posebno na poluperiferiji kroz proces deindustrijalizacije i promene globalne klasne strukture. Drugi proces je proces transnacionalizacije, tačnije mnoštva transnacionalnih procesa koji dodatno urušavaju lokalne patrijarhate, osnažujući trans-nacionalne patrijarhalne elite, uz istovremeno stvaranje "transnacionalnog sistema porobljenosti", koji postaje narastajuće rodno neutralan, u smislu eksploatacije, isključenosti i "potrošivosti" "viška ljudi", bez obzira na njihov rod. Međutim, svi ovi procesi realnog urušavanja hegemonih maskuliniteta mogu biti povezani i jesu povezani s obnavljanjem neo-konzertvativnih ideologija.

This  paper aims to  exhibit  and discuss  outcomes of a major  feminist project in  Serbia, which  lasted from 1998-2004, and resulted in two volumes, including more than 60 authors, under the title “Mapping Misogyny in Serbia: Discourses and Practicies” (Vol. I, 2000 and Volume II, 2004).  The project started after the defeat of civic protests in 1996-1997, when the civic movement in Serbia became largely discouraged in its efforts to overthrow Milošević, and was conceived and conducted  with the purpose to  empower  and recover feminist intellectual  scene, which was  at that time, severely disillusioned about the possibility of positive political and social change.  The intellectual  aim of the project was to deconstruct misogyny as both cultural practice  and  a discourse, in very different domains of social life, and at different social levels. The specificity of the project was that it was conceived and carried out as a ‘patchwork’ project in a post-modern sense: it was a multidisciplinary ‘patchwork’ based on different genres, including essays and academic texts, as well as visual contributions. The nature of the project thus corresponded to the nature of the phenomena in question, misogyny, which takes many different forms. The contributions provided for theoretical steps  towards a better understanding of the social phenomenology of misogyny and it created contextualized knowledge about the gender regime in Serbia.

U radu se, iz perspektive kritičke teorije maskuliniteta, uz korišćenje nekih empirijskih istraživanja koja su rađena u svetu i u Srbiji, ispituje problem veze između nasilja, rodnog identiteta i rodnog režima na poluperiferiji. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je da istakne ključni značaj hegemonog maskuliniteta koji uključuje nasilje kao potvrdu muškog identiteta. Zato je potrebno naglasiti značaj razmevanja nasilja iz perspektive maskuliniteta i muških rodnih uloga, u ključu kritičke teorije maskuliniteta. Kompleksan proces formiranja identiteta mladih muškaraca u Srbiji je opterećen multiplim ambivalencijama i nesigurnostima, koji, u okviru karakterističnog rodnog režima na poluperiferiji, generira visoku sklonost ka nasilju kao specifičnu strategiju izgradnje rodnog identiteta. Poluperiferijalnost balkanskih društava koja proizvodi i specifične rodne identitete, višestruko usložnjava formiranje muških identiteta. Hegemoni muški rodni identitet, koji je ostao "ispražnjen" i destabilizovan tokom "tranzicije", priklanja se nasilju, jer ne uspeva da se redefiniše u kodu novog rodnog ugovora zasnovanog na rodnoj ravnopravnosti i nekonfrontaciji sa drugim muškarcima. KLJUČNE REČI: mladi muškarci / nasilje / maskulinitet / identitet / poluperiferija 1 Rad je nastao kao rezultat na projektu broj 47011 koji finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja RS.

This paper describes the parochial predicament of the social sciences by
looking at world sociology in its Janus-like face: on the one hand we focus on the
intellectual, political, and sometimes even ethical compromises that social scientists in
European semiperipheral countries forgo in order to gain acceptance and recognition in
world sociology. On the other hand we show how these compromises paradoxically
impoverish intellectual potentialities in the major centers of academic excellence too. In the
analyses we focus on different interrelated facets of scholarly work where these paradoxes
take shape: problem setting and conceptualization, the hierarchy of scholarly publications,
the definition of excellence through citation patterns, scientific conferences, and lastly,
funding schemes for research. We argue that the social and the political organization of the
World System of Science jeopardizes free access to multiple and plural perspectives of the
social. A potential source of ideas, theories, and paradigms is hampered by the hierarchical
division of labor between scientists in the centers of science and their peers in
semiperipheral countries, whose knowledge remains unutilized and sidelined.

This paper builds on a body of empirical research done by the author, from the late 80iess on, related to parenthood and gender, in the region of the Western Balkans. Throughout years the author develops holistic approach to parenthood, where individual practices and discourses are connected to the macro
social changes on a global scale. The author gives a short overview of three empirical research projects to show how the process of de-development of the semiperiphery has blocked the process of modernization of parenthood which was taking place in the 80-is, and how instead, a hybrid model of  parenthood and partnership emerged. The major characteristic of this new hybrid model is that practices of equality are
developing faster than the discourses on equality, which can be explained only by taking into the consideration deeper structural characteristics of the gender regimes at the semi-periphery. Discourses on gender are still highly captured
by the rhetoric of „woman as a mother of a Nation” and her role in an overall national project. However, from the perspective of the newest complex empirical research, dealing with gender equality on everyday life level (Gender Barometer in Serbia, UN Women, 2013) it could be concluded, twenty years afterwards, that „self/sacrificing micro-matriarchy” (Blagojević, 1994) is only a transitional phase in establishment of egalitarian model in a private sphere, and in fact a specific emancipatory strategy. Trends which were empirically recorded at the end of 80-ies
are being continued, regardless of the transitional hardships. The semiperipheral perspective enables theoretization of this „twist”, where the emancipation in the private sphere is strengthening the emancipation in the public sphere, which is in many ways opposite process in comparison to the modernization process, including socialist project as modernization project. The semiperipheral perspective offers
understanding of the „twist”, as a consequence of the process of de-development, while at the same time exists continuous, deep, structural change towards equality on a micro level and in a family.

de-development

Tekst je objavljen u ZENICKIM SVESKMA, broj  03/06, juni 2006 (prevod Venta Popović)

Uvod: lično pozicioniranje
Za žene sa poluperiferije, odakle dolazim, gde rodne studije još uvek nisu prihvaćene, ni integrisane niti adekvatno akademski vrednovane, važna je strategija usuditi se govoriti u prvom licu jednine, koristeći " ja " , kao i usuditi se preći propisane granice onoga što bi " akademski " tekst trebalo da bude. Usamljenički i naporan put artikulisanja znanja u oblasti rodnih studija, na poluperiferiji, usred etničkih konflikata i društvene transformacije, znanja koje će biti dovoljno održvo da preživi političke (s)mene i dovoljno pouzdano da ohrabri konstruktivnu društvenu promenu, daleko nadilazi puki manirizam iskazivanja stavova u prvom licu jednine. Zato u tekstovima koje pišem nastojim jasno naznačiti svoju epistemološku polaznu tačku, kao i svoju strategiju sa-znavanja. Kako sam došla do toga da " znam " nešto, za mene je gotovo jednako važno kao i šta je to što " znam ". Kao što je važno personalizovati znanje, pošto još nema šireg akademskog koncenzusa o temama koje će biti analizirane u ovom tekstu, jednako je bitno i kontekstualizovati to znanje, smestiti ga u njegov teritorijalni, kulturni, društveni i istorijski kontekst. U ovom tekstu sadržne su ideje i saznanja iz više različitih tekstova, odnosno velikog dela mojih dosadašnjih ili novijih istraživanja u vezi s rodom, konfliktom i pomirenjem, a koji su objavljeni ili neobjavljeni u zadnjih petnaestak godina. Zato se usudjujem da budem autoreferentna. Ovo je na neki način trenutak sinteze dugog perioda intenzivnog istraživanja i analiza, trenutak u kojem se, po završetku ratova, može stati i pogledati unazad jednim sasvim drugačijim pogledom u odnosu na gledišta tokom turbulentnih  istorijskih dogadjanja...

Ovaj tekst je objavljen u ZENIČKIM SVESKAMA, Zeničke sveske, Vol.13, 2011 (prevod Venita Popović) . On se  bavi mogućim epistemičkim i političkim koristima uvodjenja rodne perspektive u znanje na kakvom se zasnivaju politike koje ciljaju ka pomirenju. Na poluperiferiji, koja je često de facto bila suočena s ratovima, nestabilnošću  i samim tim, pitanjima pomirenja, rodna perspektiva mogla bi se uvesti na način i sličan i drukčiji nego što je to obično bio slučaj u zemljama na periferiji. Razlikovna karakteristika poluperiferije, to da je bila razvijena do izvjesnog stupnja, te da su se ratovi zapravo desili u periodu stagnacije i najvećim dijelom usljed toga, takodjer baca drukčije svjetlo na žene kao društvene djelatne činitelje koje nisu bile tek pasivni objekti ratnih dogadjanja prije, tokom ili poslije rata.  I rodna i perspektiva poluperiferije mogu pomoći boljem razumijevanju mehanizama ratnih sukoba, od njihovog početka do rekoncijlijacije. Konkretno pitanje glasi: zašto ikako rodn aperspektiva doprinosi pomirenju?

Kriza maskuliniteta: Da li su muškarci naši prijatelji? O vaj tekst polazi od pretpostavki da je rodni pristup pomirenju na Balkanu, jedini logičan i moguć pristup pomirenju. Muškarce je neophodno, teorijski i diskurzivno, praktično i aktivistički, deesencijalizovati i denaturalizovati, kako bi oni mogli sami sebe da sagledaju kao urodnjene društvene aktere, koji su i sami, ne samo " proizvođači nasilja " , već i žrtve nasilja, i u ratu i u miru. Pri tom je posebno važno razumeti mehanizme koji utiču na formiranje muških identiteta, i to u okviru evidentne i narastajuće " krize maskuliniteta ". U prvom delu ovog teksta ponuđene su neke teorijske pretpostavke za razumevanje problema, dok su u drugom delu izneti neki zaključci iz obimnog istraživanja koje je za UN Women sprovedeno u Srbiji 2012. Tekst je pisan s namerom da se ukaže na duboku povezanost između urodnjenosti muškaraca, " krize maskuliniteta " , poluperiferijskog položaja Balkana, i nasilja u ratu i u miru. Na kraju je ukazano na značaj diskurzivnih politika koje bi trebalo da preusmere metadiskurse od diskursa konfliktnosti na diskurs kooperativnosti, između žena i muškaraca, ali i samih muškaraca. 1 Ovaj tekst je nastao zahvaljujući pozivu Wiener Instituta iz Beča, koji je 31.januara 2013. organizovao panel " Be a Real Man: Men as allies in combating violence in former Yugoslavia ". U njemu su izneti rezultati istraživanja na kome radim u okviru Insituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja iz Beograda, a koje finansira Ministarstvo prosvete i nauke Srbije (projekat No 47011). Takođe, ovaj rad je rezultat mog anagažovanja u GExcel-u centru za istraživanje roda na Univerzitetu u Linšepingu (Linköping), u okviru kojega radim na dva projekta: " Deconstructing the Hegemony of Men and Masculinities: Contradictions of Absence " , i " Gendered sexualed transnationalisations, deconstructing the dominant: Transforming men, " centres " , knowledge/practice " , pod rukovodstvom profesora Jeffa Hearna. Istraživački rezultati izneti u ovom tekstu su iz projekta UN WOMEN, Gender Barometer in Serbia, 2012. Zahvaljujem se svim ovim institucijama i organizacijama na podršci za moja istraživanja u oblasti maskuliniteta i rodnih odnosa uopšte.

Ovaj rad predstavlja analizu aktuelnog stanja rodne
ravnopravnosti u oblasti ekonomije u Srbiji. U prvom delu teksta dat je pregled normativnog i institucionlanog okvira za
uspostavljanje rodne ravnopravnosti u Srbiji, u drugom delu je dat prikaz osnovnih statističkih pokazatelja o položaju žena u oblasti ekonomije, a u trećem su izneti rezultati istraživanja o rodnoj nejednakosti iz mikro perspektive. Na kraju teksta je sintetički zaključak u kome se povezuju problemi ekonomske nejednakosti žena sa osnovnim razvojnim problemima u Srbiji i objašnjava zašto je rodna ravnopravnost u ekonomiji preduslov ubrzanja razvoja. U tekstu se iznose podaci koji ukazuju na postignute rezultate, ali i na još uvek značajne probleme u postizanju ravnopravnosti.
KLJUČNE REČI: rodna ravnopravnost / ekonomski položaj
žena / diskriminacija žena / zaposlenost žena / rod i razvoj

English translation  of the published  paper.
Evaluation of the results achieved at the end of a five-year implementation period of the Action Plan on improving the situation of women in rural areas in the Republika Srpska until 2015, not only incorporates an analysis of the achieved results and measures, but also offers qualitative insight in the constraints and opportunities as a base for the substantiated strategic development planning in this area in the following five-year period. The area of improving the situation of women in rural areas is very important from strategic point of view for the overall development of the Republika Srpska, because other key development priorities are reflected in it:
1. Rural development;
2. Agricultural development;
3. Food safety;
4. Development of environment protection and preservation of natural resources;
5. Population development (mitigation from rural areas, increase of birth rate, improvement of age and education structure of rural population);
6. Local development and infrastructure development;
7. Poverty mitigation;
8. Development of democratic potential and increase of public awareness.
Given the importance of these development goals interweaving with public policies aiming at the improved situation of women in rural areas, it was necessary to introduce holistic approach on one side and on the other side, a clear apprehension that developments and improvements in the said areas are not possible unless we consider gender equality.  Holistic approach, as a dominant one during the previous five-year period of implementation of this public policy, managed to consolidate the efforts of a large number of institutions and social stakeholders at different levels (agriculture, education, health, infrastructure, economy, regional development, administration and local self-governance, finances, various non-governmental organizations and experts), and to ensure emerging of a framework for a long-term, complex, institutional and pragmatic public policy that has a distinctive importance for overall development of the Republika Srpska. For the first time, prerequisites for radical change of the situation of women in rural areas were defined in such way and with such swing, profundity and range. In many ways, these were pioneering steps in the region.  As it was a period of first institutional approaches to the issue of women in rural areas, the previous five-year period was at the same time a period of intensive learning about the best approaches and most efficient solutions for these problems. Lessons learned regarding desired and realistic solutions and how it is possible to speed up the changes with limited available resources, have been incorporated in this evaluation and recommendations.
In the meantime, local and international context have also changed, which only emphasizes the significance of a strategic approach to establishing gender equality in rural areas as a key element to the development of rural areas and agriculture, as well as to ensuring food safety, balanced development of population and overall economic development of the Republika Srpska. Increased insecurity, withdrawal of donors as well as long lasting economic crisis, including crisis of global neo-liberal development model even more underline the need to turn to one's own resources, local and regional market. In this sense, next period is a new challenge and a new opportunity to strengthen policies aimed at establishing gender equality in rural areas and improving situation of rural women.

Смjернице за унапређење положаја жена на селу настале су на основу анализе и евалуације
постигнутих резултата на крају петогодишњег периода спровођења Акционог плана за унапређење
положаја жена на селу у Републици Српској до 2015. Ова евалуација је узела у обзир не само анализу
оног што је остварено, у смислу реализације конкретних мјера, већ је дала и квалитативне увиде о
препрекама и могућностима које представљају основе за утемељено стратешко планирање развоја
ове области у сљедећем петогодишту.

Gender Country Profile Study for Bosnia and Herzegovina is the first study of that
kind for an accession country. The major purpose of the assignment described in ToR is an
intention of the EU Delegation in BiH to engage an external expert who would produce
Gender Country Profile, based on Gender Assessment, which will be conducted in line with
the EC Priority Areas of Development Cooperation, and which will serve as the basis for
future intervention in the country. It builds on EC Communication on Gender Equality and
Women Empowerment in Development Cooperation. Gender equality is not seen only as an
aim per se, although it is a fundamental human right issue, but also as a precondition for
sustainable development and durable peace.
The analysis is bringing conclusions and recommendations within EC Priority Areas
for Development Cooperation, which will potentially serve as a basis for future creation of
projects financed through European Union Instruments (IPA – Instruments for Pre-Accession
Assistance and EIDHR – European Instruments for Democracy and Human Rights). The
purpose of the analysis is to establish a baseline context, which will identify needs and define
recommendations for IPAII. The analysis is made along the line with Draft Outline Strategy
Paper for Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU assistance during the period 2014-2020).
General objectives of the analysis are defined as following:
• Establish a baseline context for development cooperation in a domain of GE
• Make an analytical overview of GE situation, contextualized in BiH society
• Identify lessons learned and best practices, opportunities and constraints
• Give conclusions and recommendations of GE issues along the thematic areas
and formulate recommendations for specific actions and GM of IPA projects.
This study is divided in three parts. The first one is providing the framework for the
analysis and it also offers analysis of the normative and policy framework, including
stakeholders´ analysis. The second part is an analysis of the ´real´ gender equality situation in
the country, while the third one consists of conclusions and recommendations, including the
SWOT analysis, lessons learned and the list of best practices.
Major conclusion is that BiH has set up successfully legislative and policy framework for
gender equality and that in many aspects it is a regional leader in that domain. However,
normative approach needs to be supplemented by stronger effort for ‘the real equality’ to be
achieved. A movement is needed from ‘equality of rights to equality of results’. In depth
analysis has shown that in a country with a high level poverty and a high level social
exclusion, gender inequalities need not to be singled out as the most relevant of all
inequalities (with the exception of gender based violence), but instead, linked to other
inequalities and exclusions. It is the accumulation of different types of inequalities which
actually puts people to higher risks of poverty and marginalization. Political and institutional
set up of the present BiH society is creating additional discrimination among citizens, which
is only contributing to higher inequalities and increasing the general feeling of social
8
injustice. Gender inequalities as subject of policy intervention should be taken in connection
with other lines of social differentiation, which includes ethnic divisions and minority status,
age, regional and rural-urban differences, including the latest differences produced by
disastrous flooding. In other words, gender inequalities should be approached and treated
within the complex web of social inequalities and impoverishment, which are increasing in
BiH society. For this reason also, gender mainstreaming, is the best strategy. To be
sustainable, gender mainstreaming requires institutionalization, but cultural change as well.
There is a pronounced need at the moment to link gender equality projects with the
economic empowerment of women. This is one of the most difficult challenges, since the
economic situation in country is actually worsening. However, if this task is approached from
development perspective, and women‘s resources are seen as relevant for the development,
than the question moves from the employment of women to self-employment,
entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, creation of farm collectives, development of
agribusiness etc. These other possibilities require profound change of the institutional
environment, towards support to different economic initiatives.
Scattered and fragmented interventions in domain of gender equality can respond to some
immediate needs, or enhance the learning about the context. However, it is evident that
projects which include several municipalities or several health centers can not really introduce
large scale social change. Only institutions which are spread on the whole territory, can and
should provide services for the population in systematic and equitable terms, and that could
eventually have large scale effects. Gender mainstreaming of Centers for Social Work,
educational and health institutions, etc. from the level of local community to the state, is the
only way to ensure systematic and sustainable change.

The study covers the following countries in the Balkans: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, FYRoM - Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and Turkey.The study is largely based on country reports provided by country coordinators on the basis of a
detailed questionnaire. The idea was to collect what already exists in the region about gender issues,
or about the region and gender issues. The country coordinators were gender experts/scientists involved in various disciplines and positioned in various  organizations and institutions dealing with
gender issues in their respective countries. The coordinators facilitated the gathering of high quality
and well structured inputs, which were additionally upgraded from other sources: scientific and
non-scientific publications, documents from women’s NGOs in the region and international organizations, Internet sources and statistical sources. The evaluation of the influence that the Gender Task Force of Stability Pact had/has in the region is also an important element of this study.


TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Foreword
I
Introduction and Overview
1. Purpose and structure of the study
2. Theoretical considerations
3. Methodological considerations
II
The Balkan Region – Background Information
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
III
Demographic picture of the Balkans in gender
perspective
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
IV
Women in education and the economy
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
V
Women in politics
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
VI
Women in Balkan cultures and traditions
1. The Problem
2. Regional Overview
3. Concluding Remarks
VII
Violence against women
1. Domestic Violence
1.1. General Overview
1.2. Country perspectives
1.3. Concluding remarks
2. Trafficking in women
2.1. The problem
2.2. Regional Overview
2.3. Concluding remarks
VIII
Regional Cooperation
1. General Overview
2. Gender Task Force of Stability Pact
2.1. Stability Pact as a framework of the GTF
2.2. Approach to evaluation of the influence of the
GTF
2.3. Description of the GTF
2.4. The Role and influence of the GTF in the
region
3. The “Star” Network
4. Other regional women’s initiatives for
cooperation
5. Potential for further regional cooperation
IX
Summary
XI
Endnotes
XII
Bibliography
XIII
Appendices
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Foreword
I
Introduction and Overview
1. Purpose and structure of the study
2. Theoretical considerations
3. Methodological considerations
II
The Balkan Region – Background Information
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
III
Demographic picture of the Balkans in gender
perspective
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
IV
Women in education and the economy
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
V
Women in politics
1. General overview
2. Country perspectives
3. Concluding remarks
VI
Women in Balkan cultures and traditions
1. The Problem
2. Regional Overview
3. Concluding Remarks
VII
Violence against women
1. Domestic Violence
1.1. General Overview
1.2. Country perspectives
1.3. Concluding remarks
2. Trafficking in women
2.1. The problem
2.2. Regional Overview
2.3. Concluding remarks
VIII
Regional Cooperation
1. General Overview
2. Gender Task Force of Stability Pact
2.1. Stability Pact as a framework of the GTF
2.2. Approach to evaluation of the influence of the
GTF
2.3. Description of the GTF
2.4. The Role and influence of the GTF in the
region
3. The “Star” Network
4. Other regional women’s initiatives for
cooperation
5. Potential for further regional cooperation
IX
Summary
XI
Endnotes
XII
Bibliography
XIII
Appendices

Sadrzaj
1. DEO - Uopste o rodnom budzetiranju
1.1. Cemu sluzi ovaj Vodic?
1.2. Rodno budzetiranje - jednakost kroz prizmu novca
1.3. Kako da napravite rodni budzet u svojoj opstini/lokalnoj zajednici?
1.4. Vojvodjanski model rodnog budzetiranja - rodna ravnopravnost u kontekstu lokalnog razvoja
1.5. Budzetski proces - drzavni i lokalni nivo
1.6. Strategija lokalnog razvoja - rodna perspektiva
2. DEO - Koraci ka urodnjavanju budzeta na opstinskom nivou
2.1. Trening o rodnim nejednakostima i rodnom budzetiranju
2.2. Identifikacija potreba sa lokalnim akterima - fokus grupe
2.3. Sociodemografska analiza op{tine/lokalne zajednice iz rodnog ugla
2.4. Analiza strateskih dokumenata op{tine/lokalne zajednice iz rodnog ugla
2.5. Analiza opstinskog bud`eta iz rodnog ugla
2.6. Sprovodjenje akcionog/participativnog istrazivanja
2.7. Medijska kampanja, lobiranje i zagovaranje
2.8. Uspostavljanje lokalnih tela za rodnu ravnopravnost
2.9. Uvo|enje rodnog bud`eta u novoj fiskalnoj godini - preporuke
2.10.Monitoring i evaluacija

(Marina Blagojević, Roditeljstvo i fertilitet: Srbija devedesetih, Institut za sociološka istraživanja Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu, Beograd 1997) Studija Marine Blagojević, Roditeljstvo i fertilitet: Srbija devedesetih, izrađena je u okviru projekta "Roditeljstvo, institucionalno okruženje i konflikt uloga: životni tok i porodični ciklus", započetog u aprilu 1995. godine. Projekat je deo "Programa istraživanja uslova, mesta i instrumenata za ostvarivanje politike razvoja stanovništva Srbije", iniciranog u Savetu Vlade Republike Srbije za stanovništvo, porodicu i decu. Ova studija, kao i ostalih šest koje su realizovane u okviru Programa, ima praktičan i konkretan zadatak da pomogne u određivanju adekvatne populacione politike u Srbiji. Studija se sastoji iz dva osnovna dela-teorijskog i empirijskog. U teorijskom delu obrađen je kontekst problema roditeljstva, i određena je naučna perspektiva iz koje se roditeljstvo razmatra. Empirijski deo studije se zasniva na anketnom istraživanju sprovedenom u Srbiji u junu 1995, koje je obuhvatilo 800 žena sa barem jednim detetom starosti od 3,5 do 9,5 godina. Teorijska perspektiva autorke istaknuta je u samom uvodu studije. S obzirom na desetogodišnje paralelno bavljenje problemom roditeljstva s jedne, i društvenim položajem žena, s druge strane, autorka je pitanju roditeljstva pristupila iz ženskog ugla ili, preciznije, iz ugla feminističke teorije. Primena perspektive roda (gender) učinila je da na površinu izbiju činjenice za koje nam se na prvi pogled čini kao da se podrazumevaju, a zapravo su dugo prenebregavane u teorijskim i praktičnim sociološkim i demografskim istraživanjima. Njihovim isticanjem u ovoj studiji daje se sasvim nova slika roditeljstva i odricanja od roditeljstva u današnjoj Srbiji. To se najjasnije vidi na primeru činjenice da se pod pojmom roditeljstva ili brige, staranja o deci, mnogo više podrazumeva uloga majke nego oca. Empirijski podaci iz ankete na kojoj se studija bazira potvrdili su, naravno, ovu "zdravorazumsku" pretpostavku (mada pokazuju i blago pomeranje uloge očeva koji sve više, uglavnom preko igre, ulaze u roditeljstvo). Uprkos tome, do sada su u našoj naučnoj literaturi o problemu nataliteta, kako autorka pokazuje, položaj žene, njena uloga, zadaci i status u svakidašnjici retko bili tema razmatranja. Zbog toga, kao i zbog nekritičkog ponavljanja obrazaca iz strane literature, nedovoljno rađanje se često pripisivalo "egoizmu", "hedonizmu" mladih parova i drugim sličnim faktorima. Marina Blagojević se opredelila za sociološki pristup, što znači da je problemu roditeljstva prišla kroz prizmu svakidašnjice i svih elemenata koji je čine, smatrajući da upravo oni presudno utiču na donošenje odluke o rađanju ili odricanju od rađanja. Mnoštvo statističkih podataka daje sliku svakodnevice u Srbiji devedesetih godina, pre svega porodice, životne perspektive i ženske svakidašnjice, pokazujući da je reč o vrlo specifičnim uslovima života. Ta dokumentovana slika perioda "tranzicije" i stvarnosti kroz koju smo nedavno prošli i još uvek prolazimo, prilično je uznemirujuća. Po autorki, tranziciju odlikuju izrazit pad standarda, nagla kriminalizacija društva, povratak tradicionalizmu, stvaranje "sive ekonomije", reprivatizacija društva, gubitak socijalne sigurnosti. Posledice hiperinflacije, rata u neposrednoj blizini i sankcija UN naročito se osećaju u statusu žena. Popularno rečeno, u "ovoj situaciji, žene su ponovo postale osnovni 'stub porodice'", to jest, na njih se sručio veći deo novostvorenih obaveza i zadataka u vremenu oskudice i neizvesnosti. Iz toga autorka izvodi tezu o postojanju "mikro matrijahrata" koji na makro planu ne samo da ne protivreči patrijahatu, već pomaže njegovo očuvanje. Ova teza je ujedno i jedna od najzanimljivijih i najprovokativnijih teorijskih postavki studije. Marina Blagojević smatra da je osnovna odlika mikro matrijarhata žrtveni stav žene-da one svoju dominaciju ostvaruju sopstvenim odricanjem. Autorka nalazi u literaturi brojne primere koji potvrđuju postojanje ženske "žrtvene" tradicije u našoj kulturi, a uz to otkriva i niz okolnosti koje podstiču ponovnu pojavu takvog odnosa prema porodici i životu. Autorka smatra današnje "žrtveno herojstvo" koje ženama daje osećanje nadmoći razlogom što one ne zahtevaju posebna prava ni posebnu zaštitu. Zanimljivo je i da autorka samožrtvovanje povezuje sa društvenom normom o dvoje dece, jer žene ne žele da rađaju više dece od onog broja koji mogu dobro ili zadovoljavajuće da odneguju. Anketa koja predstavlja empirijski deo ove studije imala je za cilj da opiše stavove i praksu roditeljstva, da utvrdi šta utiče na nizak fertilitet u Srbiji, kao i već pomenuti praktičan zadatak da doprinese određivanju primerenog programa populacione politike. Anketa je sadržavala pitanja iz više područja ženske svakidašnjice, među kojima su njihova

Reč je o novoj monografiji iz 2015. godine koja predstavlja genezu autorkinog bavljenja poluperiferijom iz kojeg izrasta jedan novi teorijski model: teorija poluperiferijlnosti. U svom delu nastoji da eksplicitno formuliše teoriju poluperiferijalnosti, oslanjajući se pre svega na sociološki pristup, da obrazloži modalitet rodnih režima koji su empirijski utvrđeni i da podstakne dalji razvoj kontekstualne analize i naučnog bavljenja poluperiferijom. Marina Blagojević Hughson u ovoj knjizi zauzima stav da poluperiferija ima niz posebnih strukturalnih karakteristika i da su rodni režimi oblikovani, ne samo lokalnim patrijarhatom, već i sistemom globalnih hijerarhija. Nadalje nastoji da problematizuje hijerarhiju naučnog mišljenja u kojoj dominantnu poziciju zauzima mišljenje sa Zapada i objasni potrebu za zasnivanjem teorije poluperiferijalnosti. Analizira sistem isključivanja i strukturnih barijera koje počinju na globalnom nivou i dosežu do individualnog nivoa žene koja se bavi naučnim radom, pre svega rodnim studijama, na poluperiferiji. Postoji očigledna tendencija naučnica iz centra da monopolizuju proizvodnju znanja i u isto vreme delegitimišu pokušaje proizvodnje znanja naučnica sa poluperiferije. Oni koji proizvode znanje u centru imaju moć da ga učine " opštevažećim " znanjem. Istovremeno, naučnici i naučnice koji u centru proizvode znanje na dominantnom engleskom jeziku, često nisu svesni ograničenja svoje perspektive, a to ograničenje je direktan proizvod privilegovanog položaja. Prema tome je, i znanje koje proizvode nužno ograničeno. Uvidevši ovaj problem, autorka je shvatila da iskustva lokalnih žena i feministkinja ne mogu biti na adekvatan način " pokrivena " znanjem iz centra. Ukazuje na diskrepancu proizvodnje znanja iz centra i iz poluperiferije i želi da se izbori za moć poluperiferije da sama artikuliše znanje o sebi i da to znanje bude podjednako prihvaćeno kao i ono nastalo u centru. Znanje treba da postane interaktivno, da omogući stalnu komunikaciju i osnaživanje i društveno uključivanje. Međutim jedna od osnovnih prepreka za postizanje interakcije između centra i poluperiferije jeste jezička barijera koja se ogleda u ogromnoj razlici referentnih okvira i pritiska na naučnice poluperiferije da pišu na engleskom jeziku. Postoje i drugi ozbiljni problemi koji su razlog nemogućnosti ukrštanja znanja iz centra i poluperiferije. Najozbiljniji problem koji izlaže jeste pretenzija naučnica iz centra da samostalno proizvode znanje o poluperiferiji, da govore o iskustvu žena sa Istoka i određuju šta jeste a šta nije pravi feminizam. Ove pretenzije centra Blagojević ih osporava tezom da ne postoji " jedan " " ispravan " feminizam već mnoštvo autohtonih feminizama bez jedinstvenog autoriteta koji bi ih definisao. Međutim u uvodnom delu ukazuje na još jedan izvor animoziteta između naučnica iz centra i poluperiferije. Taj animozitet je profesionalne prirode, i može biti odgovor na pitanje zašto sve do danas feminizam na Zapadu nije uspeo da prevaziđe svoju " centričnost ". Naime, ukoliko feminizmu umesto kao pokretu pristupimo kao izuzetno kompetitivnoj akademskoj profesiji, jasno je zašto unutar same feminističke zajednice nema otvorenosti pristupa i ravnopravnog uključivanja naučnica sa poluperiferije. Ovom strategijom naučnice iz centra do danas usprešno održavaju institucionalnu i simboličku moć i marginalizuju ideje sa Istoka. Ovi problemi dubokih strukturalnih nejednakosti u proizvodnji znanja rezultirali su u onome što autorka naziva praznina u komunikaciji i nedostatak kontekstualizovane osvešćenosti. Kontekstualizovana osvešćenost dodatno je otežana nepostojanjem lokalnog umrežavanja feminiskinja Istoka koje treba da prethodi dijalogu sa Zapadom. Međutim, mnogo je bitniji problem to što je feminističkim teoretičarkama na Istoku izrazito sužen prostor za vlastito naučno delovanje i

Zbornik predstavlja treći tematski zbornik u seriji " Mizoginija " , ovoga puta sa naglaskom na mizoginiju u Srbiji u 21. veku. Projekat " Mizoginija " koji je započeo 1998. godine i trajao do 2004. je okupio preko šezdeset autorki i autora iz različitih disciplina i rezltirao u dva obimna zbornika, koja su objavljena 2000. i 2004. godine. Projekat je nastao kao rezultat otpora " Miloševićevom režimu " i imao je za cilj da mobiliše intelektualnu energiju na feminističkoj i profeminističkoj sceni u Srbiji, pa i u regionu (u drugom tomu). On je odigrao veliku ulogu u uvodjenju samog pojma " mizoginije " u javni diskurs Srbije, čime je učinio mizoginiju vidljivom. Istovremeno, on je uticao i na čitave generacije mladih feministkinja i feminista koji su u širokom spektru koristili tekstove uključene u zbornik za lično osvešćivanje ili naučni i kreativan rad. Zbornici se u kontinuitetu koriste u feminističkoj edukaciji, podizanju svesti i u akademskim krugovima. Upravo zato, njihov veliki uticaj predstavlja i osnovni razlog da se započne rad na trećem tomu koji treba da bude fokusiran na sadašnjost i budućnost. Dok su prva dva toma dekonstruisala mizoginiju u različitim oblastima društva i kulture, i u velikoj meri se bavila uzrocima i dugim trajanjem mizoginih obrazaca u patrijarhalnom društvu Srbije, ovaj tom ima za cilj da ukaže na nove izvore mizoginih praksi i diskursa, kao i na novi politički kontekst u kome se u zaoštrenom obliku javlja antifeminizam koji hrani nove oblike potčinjavanja, podcenjivanja i marginalizacije žena. Takodje, posle višedecenijskog jačanja ženskog pokreta na ovim prostorima, cilj nam je i da pokažemo kakve sve strategije su na delu u borbi protiv mizoginije i koji mehanizmi se koriste za konstruktivno prevazilaženje postojećih patrijarhalnih obrazaca. U trećem tomu će se nastaviti pomeranje koje je započeto već drugim tomom, ka proizvodnji akademskog znanja u oblasti rodnih studija, pa su i pravila prilagodjena onome što su norme naučnih tekstova. Smatramo da se ovim neće izneveriti

Gender Equality and Knowledge Production:
Hierarchies of Exclusions

This key note presentation will have three parts. In the first part, I will set up a scene for the issue of gender equality in HE in Serbia, going beyond statistics, and showing the state of art of  research and policy in that domain. In the second part, I will offer a broader theoretical perspective on a set of exclusions which create dominant hierarchies in academia, internationally and nationally (within Serbia). I will claim, that contrary to the ideal of meritocracy, scientific and academic systems are mainly created in a spirit of exclusions, and that present day global and transnational flows are  increasing exclusions, rather than decreasing. Therefore, those hierarchies are “hierarchies of exclusions” and they dominantly shape organizational  power, knowledge production and policy making to which academia is linked. Within such a context of “competition with limited meritocracy”, all “vulnerable” or “minority” groups suffer from additional risks of exclusions, including women. Finally, I will give some concrete examples of how exclusion of gender as a research dimension and the lack of knowledge on gender issues,  create three types of negative consequences: firstly, perpetuation of “old boys networks” in academia and exclusion of women, which cancels meritocracy; secondly,  bad scholarship limited by  androcentricism  (where gender is not addressed, or when it is simply “added” without in depth analyses and critical thinking); and finally, dead-end  and failure  when  dealing with the most fundamental problems of social and economic development of Serbia.  The conclusion is that gender equality in academia, and within the broader sense of knowledge production, is inseparable from development of critical thinking, diversity, cooperation and meritocracy in science, as well as from constructive and progressive development policies.

The lack of well contextualized knowledge has its consequences: if not ‘gender blindness’, than ‘gender-aware blindness’, which can be described as the position which takes into account gender, but ignores neocolonial aspects of interruption and restructuring of gender regimes in postsocialist societies. What is often addressed as ‘the problem with the implementation’ of gender equality laws and gender sensitive public policies, is,  in fact,  a problem of inadequate contextualization;  meaning - lack of knowledge on how neoliberal forces, in combination with local traditions, institutions and norms,  redefine gender regimes at the semiperiphery. Therefore, in this text I will  argue for the necessity of contextual analysis of the semiperiphery, which, when applied in a consistent and disciplined manner, actually supports  the ‘world - centered’  knowledge project,  which according to Raewyn Connell,  will successfully  bring ‘margin into the center’ (2014),  ‘margins’ being both  the periphery,  as well as  the semiperiphery.

А П С Т Р А К Т
У овом раду  се излажу основне карактеристике родних режима на полуперферији Европе, у коју спада и Србија,  на основу резултата  емпиријских и теоријских истраживања које је ауторка спроводила последњих двадесетак година. Истраживање родних режима и њихове генезе временом је водило  ka артикулацији теорије полупериферијалности  која објашњава структуралне карактеристике друштава полупериферије,  као и њихову повезаност са особинама самих родних режима. Теорија полупериферијалности  је врста „засноване теорије” (grounded theory)  и  инспирисана је  трима теоријским  линијама мишљења: „теоријом светског система“  (Имануел Валерштајн), „јужњачком теоријом“ (Рејвин Конел) и  теоријом  „вишеструких модерности“ (Ш.Н. Ајзенштат). Теорија полупериферијалности омогућује да се полупериферијалност  сагледа као  систем структуралних диспозиција друштава на полупериферији који стоји у вези са њиховом (геостратешком) локацијом, са самом  територијалношћу, као  и са ресурсима везаним за ту територијалност. Тако схваћена полупериферијалност сеже у дубину начина  функционисања ових друштава.  Основне карактеристике полупериферијалности су следеће: бивствовање „између“ (центра и периферије); трајно „заостајање“ за центром који је једна врста „покретне мете“; амбиваленција према центру (одбијање и привлачење, истовремено); изразита хибридност; изражени дијахроницитети и сложене темпоралности; изражена процесуалност и  недовољна структурација; немогућност саморазумевања услед недостатка шире перспективе; склоност ка само-колонизацији у односу на центар. Кључне карактеристике полупериферије која пролази кроз „транзцију“ су: подцењивање вредности свих њених ресурса, и њихова девастација, раз-развој и постојање „вишка људи“. С друге стране, родне режиме на полупериферији одређују четири битне карактеристике које су уско повезане са поменутим структуралним карактеристикама полупериферије. То су:1.  интензивно трошење женских ресурса и у јавној и у приватној сфери како би се достигао центар,  које води појачаној  експлоатацији и дискриминацији жена,  2. постојање само/жртвујућег микро-матријархата којим се омогућује опстанак већинског становништва у „економији беде“, 3. постојање „кризе маскулинитета“ услед кризе „хранитељског модела маскулинитета“ 4. изразито јака патријархална идеологија са наглашеном мизогинијом, као реакција на претходнo наведене особине и као метод контроле и доминације над женама. 

Кључне речи: полупериферија, родни режими, развој, дискриминација, мизогинија