Yan Zhang

PROFINET is the Industrial Ethernet Standard devised by PROFIBUS International for " Ethernet on the plant floor ". PROFINET allows to implement a comprehensive communications solution on Ethernet which includes peer-to-peer communication between controllers, distributed I/O, machine safety, motion control and data acquisition. In this paper an analysis is conducted on the peer-to-peer interlocking performance based on PROFINET specification. Tests were performed to determine the performance of the peer-to-peer communication mechanism, to evaluate the impact of switches on the system , and to measure the impact of data size on peer-to-peer communication performance. The paper summarizes the test results.

A polymer containing 3'-[trifluoromethyl-4,3'-dibenzoazo] dyes in the side chains has been synthesized, and a monolayer of this polymer has been transferred onto solid substrate by the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique. The reversible processes of photoisomerization of the ...

Enterovirus 96 (EV96) is a new member of species Human Enterovirus C (HEV-C). In this report, genomic characterization of two EV96 strains isolated from acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong province of China in 2005 and 2009 is described. The two strains, designated 05517 and 09228C1, had 82.7% genomic similarity with each other and 75.1-84.2% with other three strains available from GenBank in complete genome sequences. In VP1 coding region, they had 77.6-86.6% nucleotide similarity with other EV96 strains. Interestingly, deletions of 3 nucleotides in the VP3 coding region of strain 09228C1, and of 3 nucleotides in the 3A region of both Shandong strains were observed. Simplot and bootscanning analysis on HEV-C genome sequences were performed, and evidence of recombination in P3 region for Shandong EV96 strains was found. In conclusion, these strains had distant genetic relationship with each other and with other EV96 strains.

Seventeen out of 24 human flora-associated (HFA) piglets died after oral administration of whole fecal flora from an apparently healthy human donor. The bacteria isolated from the organs of the infected piglets were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The identical K. pneumoniae strain was also isolated from the donor's fecal flora. All three neonatal piglets inoculated with K. pneumoniae from the donor's fecal flora developed severe diarrhea, with 2 eventually dying. This strongly suggests that the opportunistic pathogen K. pneumoniae from the human donor caused the fatal infection in the HFA piglets. The results underscore the importance of safety evaluation of the human donor's fecal flora for HFA piglet development.

ABSTRACT Purple membrane (PM) monolayers were deposited on hydrophilic or hydrophobic silicon substrates through the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. The photovoltaic features and interfacial charge separation of p-Si/PM/indium tin oxide (ITO) heterostructure were studied by surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). The different photovoltaic response values were obtained due to the nonrandom orientation of PM in the LB films on the hydrophilic versus hydrophobic silicon substrates. The photovoltaic response value versus external potential of the p-Si/cytoplasmic-extracellular/ITO heterostructure showed an obviously rectifying behavior. Compared with the p-Si/ITO heterostructure, the response value of SPS increased more rapidly in the case of the positive external bias. © 2001 American Vacuum Society.

The crystal structures of double-decker single molecule magnets (SMM) LnPc(2) (Ln = Tb(III) and Dy(III); Pc = phthalocyanine) and non-SMM YPc(2) were determined by using X-ray diffraction analysis. The compounds are isomorphous to each other. The compounds have metal centers (M = Tb(3+), Dy(3+), and Y(3+)) sandwiched by two Pc ligands via eight isoindole-nitrogen atoms in a square-antiprism fashion. The twist angle between the two Pc ligands is 41.4 degrees. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to investigate the compounds adsorbed on a Au(111) surface, deposited by using the thermal evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum. Both MPc(2) with eight lobes and MPc with four lobes, which has lost one Pc ligand, were observed. In the scanning tunneling spectroscopy images of TbPc molecules at 4.8 K, a Kondo peak with a Kondo temperature (T(K)) of approximately 250 K was observed near the Fermi level (V = 0 V). On the other hand, DyPc, YPc, and MPc(2) exhibited no Kondo peak. To understand the observed Kondo effect, the energy splitting of sublevels in a crystal field should be taken into consideration. As the next step in our studies on the SMM/Kondo effect in Tb-Pc derivatives, we investigated the electronic transport properties of Ln-Pc molecules as the active layer in top- and bottom-contact thin-film organic field effect transistor devices. Tb-Pc molecule devices exhibit p-type semiconducting properties with a hole mobility (mu(H)) of approximately 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Interestingly, the Dy-Pc based devices exhibited ambipolar semiconducting properties with an electron mobility (mu(e)) of approximately 10(-5) and a mu(H) of approximately 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This behavior has important implications for the electronic structure of the molecules.

It has been reported in the literature that the reverberation time tends to be overestimated if the ray-tracing simulation does not consider surface scattering effects. However no simple, quantitative method is available to estimate the effect of surface diffusivity on reverberation time. This article provides such a model to establish the relation between reverberation time and a surface diffusivity factor.

... conditions are presented in figure 2. The patterns have been analysed using an XRD pattern processing and identification software: MDI Jade 5.0 (developed ... Im SJ and Kim KB 2002 Thin Solid Films 415 177–86 [2] Sorimachi H, Tarashima M, Sato K, Ikeda T and Mohi T 1984 ...

A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for identification and quantification of casticin in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administrations. Kaempferol was employed as an internal standard (IS). Liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane was applied to extract the casticin and the internal standard from plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB C(18) column (100 mm × 3.0 mm, i.d.: 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol: 0.05% formic acid aqueous solution (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min for 10 min. The detection was performed by selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode via positive electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) was 7 ng/mL (S/N=5). The calibration curves were linear (r>0.9996) over the concentration range from 14.06 to 7187 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD%) were within 10% and accuracy (RE%) ranged from -8.2% to 1.0%. The extraction recovery at three quality control (QC) concentrations ranged from 91% to 102%. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of casticin after both an oral and an intravenous administrations to rats and the absolute bioavailability is 45.5 ± 11.0%.

The total synthesis of wedelolactone, a naturally occurring direct inhibitor of IKK complex that can suppress LPS-induced caspase-11 expression, using a convergent synthetic approach, is described. The key steps involved in this synthesis include the palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction and the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation reaction. This approach allows access to diversified analogues of wedelolactone.

Serum free fatty acids are risk factors for future coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the association between serum palmitic acid (PA)-oleic acid (OA) ratio and CAD risk in a case-control (n=108/129) study. The PA-OA ratio was associated with future CAD events independently of standard lipid values. The PA-OA ratio was significantly associated with the risk of fatal CAD [odds ratio (OR): 60.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.5-316.9; P<.001] while inversely associated in nonfatal CAD group (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.53; P<.01), and no distinct modification by sex was found. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis found that PA-OA ratio did as well as triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B (apo B)-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) ratio at discriminating fatal CAD (area under ROC, TG, 0.692; apo B-HDLC, 0.683; PA-OA, 0.768, P<.001), and had similar effect with HDLC at discriminating nonfatal CADs (area under ROC, HDLC, 0.649; PA-OA, 0.659, P<.01).These findings suggested that PA-OA ratio did as well as and even better than traditional risk factors and arteriography examination in discriminating fatal and nonfatal CAD events. Serum PA-OA ratio could be a new factor for CAD risk assessment and prediction.

This study was conducted to assess a kind of specific cement (ASC) extensively and recommend a suitable formula for the immobilization of the radioactive ion exchange resins from China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). A mixture response surface approach was employed to design the experiment and interpret the results. Compared with the blend composed of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), an

Fe-doped nanosized SnO2 powders were prepared by chemical co-precipitation technique using SnCl4 and FeCl3 as starting materials and water as a carrier. Experimental results show that the grain size of Fe-doped SnO2 crystallites is smaller than 5nm, and the particle size is smaller than 15nm. When the calcination temperature is below 650°C, the SnO2 crystal has tetragonal lattice structure. At

Biomaterials that have the ability to augment angiogenesis are highly sought-after for applications in regenerative medicine, particularly for revascularization of ischemic and infarcted tissue. We evaluated the culture of human circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) on collagen type I-based matrices, and compared this to traditional selective-adhesion cultures on fibronectin. Culture on a collagen matrix supported the proliferation of CD133(+) and CD34(+)CD133(+) CACs. When subjected to serum starvation, the matrix conferred a resistance to cell death for CD34(+) and CD133(+) progenitors and increased phosphorylation of Akt. After 4days of culture, phenotypically enriched populations of endothelial cells (CD31(+)CD144(+)) and progenitor cells (CD34(+)CD133(+)) emerged. Culture on matrix upregulated the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 pathway members, and matrix-cultured cells also had an enhanced functional capacity for adhesion and invasion. These functional improvements were abrogated when cultured in the presence of ERK inhibitors. The formation of vessel-like structures in an angiogenesis assay was augmented with matrix-cultured cells, which were also more likely to physically associate with such structures compared to CACs taken from culture on fibronectin. In vivo, treatment with matrix-cultured cells increased the size and density of arterioles, and was superior at restoring perfusion in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, compared to fibronectin-cultured cell treatment. This work suggests that a collagen-based matrix, as a novel substrate for CAC culture, possesses the ability to enrich endothelial and angiogenic populations and lead to clinically relevant functional enhancements.

Viral epidemiology is determined by the movement of infected people within and between geographical areas. The genetic characterization of wild-type isolates combined with standard epidemiological methods may enable the identification of the source and transmission pathways and permit differentiation between indigenous and imported viruses. We investigated the genetic characteristics of the wild-type measles virus isolated in Croatia during a 2003-2004 outbreak. The results of this study indicate the presence of the D4 measles virus genotype in Europe. The isolated virus is closely related to virus isolates from the India-like subgroup of the D4 measles virus genotype. The virus responsible for this outbreak differs in the hemagglutinin gene sequence from other virus strains belonging to the D4 genotype. The hemagglutinin gene sequence also differs when compared to viruses from other genotypes that are known to circulate in Europe and from vaccine strains.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a fulminant infectious disease characterized by fever, hemorrhage, renal impairment, and thrombocytopenia. Hantaviruses associated with this belong to different serotypes: Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Dobrava/Belgrade (DOB), and Puumala (PUU). The first two, HTN and SEO, are endemic in China. To investigate the epidemiology of HFRS and virus transmission in China, we constructed prokaryotic plasmids encoding truncated recombinant HTN and SEO nucleocapsid proteins (NPs), which lacked 154 amino acid (aa), 99 aa, or 49 aa in the N-terminal region, respectively. After expression, the truncated rNPs were tested as serotyping antigens, particularly for use in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, 68 acute and 52 convalescent sera were collected from HFRS patients from Harbin, Lantian, and Kaifeng regions in China in 2004, which had hantavirus specific antibodies by IFA. A neutralization test was used to differentiate these, which showed that 73 were due to HTN infection, 33 to SEO infection, and 14 undetermined. By ELISA, the truncated rNPs, that lacked 99 (rNP100) or 49 (rNP50) N-terminal amino acids of the NPs of HTN and SEO, were able to differentiate HTNV and SEOV-specific immune sera, but the rNP155 could not. Particularly, the ELISAs based on the rNP50s had a result comparable to PRNT. Thus, the rNP50 is recommended as efficient serotyping antigen for hantavirus infection diagnosis by ELISA.

An outbreak of aseptic meningitis (AM) occurred in Jinzhai County in Anhui province from April to July in 2005. Totally, 97 children aged 3-15 years were hospitalized. To identify the etiologic agent, 77 cerebrospinal fluid specimens (CSF) and 5 fecal specimens were collected from the patients and cultured by human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. Thirty isolates of human echovirus 6 (E6) from 27 CSF and 3 fecal specimens were confirmed by neutralization assay and sequencing analysis of the VP1 gene. The homology of VP1 gene among Anhui isolates was 99.7-100.0% and it indicated that this AM outbreak probable caused by a single transmission link of E6. Phylogenetic analysis based on all the available complete VP1 sequences indicated that E6 could be divided into clusters A, B, and C with at least 15% diversity between clusters and the C cluster could be further divided into C1, C2, C3, and C4. The Anhui isolates most resembled a 2005 strain from Russia (25465 Tambov) and belong to C4. This is the first report that E6 was responsible for an outbreak of AM in China. J. Med. Virol. 82:441-445, 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

ABSTRACT A new multilayer organic light-emitting device (OLED) is fabricated by inserting kalium chloride (KCl) thin layer (1nm) into hole transport layer (HTL). It has the configuration of ITO/NPB(15nm)/KCl(1nm)/NPB(25nm)/Alq3(60nm)/KCl(1nm)/Al. The electroluminescence (EL) result shows that the performance of the novel device has obviously improvement compared with the normal structure (ITO/NPB(40nm)/Alq3(60nm)/KCl(1nm)/Al). The EL and efficiency are about 1.4 and 1.3 times than that of conventional device. The suggested mechanism is that the KCl layer in N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-napthyl–phenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB) can block the holes of NPB and then balance the holes and electrons. The better recombination of holes and electrons is beneficial to the enhancing properties of OLED.