- P.O. Box 80324
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences
King Abdulaziz University
Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia - +966582958803
- Nationality: Jordanian.Degree: PhD in Medical Physics.Institute: Universiti Sains Malaysia.Date of graduation: 2006.L... moreNationality: Jordanian.Degree: PhD in Medical Physics.Institute: Universiti Sains Malaysia.Date of graduation: 2006.Licenses: Certificate from Saudi Commission for Health Specialist as senior specialist in radiology technology “Medical Physics”. Job: Prof. in Zarqa University.edit
Aims: Understanding the knowledge gaps among the public regarding radiation protection of each modality has helped to assess the community awareness and perception, which reflects our urgent need for more education for the public. This... more
Aims: Understanding the knowledge gaps among the public regarding radiation protection of each modality has helped to assess the community awareness and perception, which reflects our urgent need for more education for the public. This project aims to evaluate the knowledge levels of patients undergoing medical imaging procedures is regarding the risk and benefits by providing sufficient information regarding their specific medical imaging technique upon examination. Study Design: A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect data. Place and Duration of Study: Subjects: Different departments of Radiology in different hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for 3 months. Methodology: The survey was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to include four major hospitals. The sample of the study included 500 patients (125 for each hospital). Patients are aged 18 years and over were referred by physicians for a radiological examination, including different radiologic modalities. Resu...
Research Interests: Radiology, Radiation, Ultrasound Imaging, Radiation safety, Radiation Physics, and 12 moreMRI, Radiation Protection, Nuclear Medicine Physics, Public Health, Medicine, Modalities, CT scanning, Radiation Measurements, Radiology Diagnostic, Diagnostic Radiology, Physics of Radiology, and Radiology Technology
One ofthe most important gamma radiation quantities with respect to radiation dosimetry and health physics applications is mass–energy absorption. Direct measurements ofthe coef ficient ofmass–energy absorption, men=r; are difficult and... more
One ofthe most important gamma radiation quantities with respect to radiation dosimetry and health physics applications is mass–energy absorption. Direct measurements ofthe coef ficient ofmass–energy absorption, men=r; are difficult and typically recourse is taken to theoretical computations. In this study, we have determined men=r experimentally using a simple and direct method based on paraxial sphere transmission, using a proportional response gamma detector. The effects of nonparaxiality and of finite sample thickness have been accounted for, using extrapolation procedures. The deviation from nonproportionality and other corrections have been shown to be small. For 662 keV photons, the measured value of men=r for paraffin wax has been determined using the above method as (3.3770.05) � 10 � 3 m 2 /kg. This compares favourably with the theoretically computed value of 3.35 � 10 � 3 m 2 /kg given by Hubbell and Seltzer (1997). The measured value of men=r for gypsum has been determin...
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BACKGROUND In developed countries, the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances before arriving at the hospital has been achieved through comprehensive studies, and this of course does not apply to Arab countries, as there... more
BACKGROUND In developed countries, the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances before arriving at the hospital has been achieved through comprehensive studies, and this of course does not apply to Arab countries, as there are no current studies to support this. Therefore, this study is a preliminary measure of the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances in Saudi Arabia. AIM To measure the demand for ultrasound equipment in ambulances in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study of five different groups of participants including radiation technologists, emergency physicians, paramedics, Red Crescent managers and the public. Email and social media were used to deliver a questionnaire to these groups. The questionnaire included specific questions to measure the purpose of ultrasound use in each group of participants. RESULTS Each group had some knowledge on ultrasound and its benefits. More than 50% in each study group supported the availability of ultrasound in ambulances. Additionally, 60% of emergency physicians reported that they had difficulties in venous access, checking the presence of internal bleeding, recognizing pregnancy in trauma cases, and inserting endotracheal tubes, and the majority of them confirmed the effective role of ultrasound in achieving such tasks. Almost all paramedics (93.33%), physicians (98.89%), and Saudi Red Crescent managers (96.3%) emphasized the importance of communication between ambulance staff and emergency departments. Moreover, most physicians (77.78%), and technologists (82.73%) supported the presence of paramedics in ambulances to operate ultrasound in order to improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSION Most of the study groups evaluated had knowledge on ultrasound and supported the presence of ultrasound devices in ambulances.
Research Interests: Ultrasound and Medicine
Aims: Understanding the knowledge gaps among the public regarding radiation protection of each modality has helped to assess the community awareness and perception, which reflects our urgent need for more education for the public. This... more
Aims: Understanding the knowledge gaps among the public regarding radiation protection of each modality has helped to assess the community awareness and perception, which reflects our urgent need for more education for the public. This project aims to evaluate the knowledge levels of patients undergoing medical imaging procedures is regarding the risk and benefits by providing sufficient information regarding their specific medical imaging technique upon examination. Study Design: A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect data. Place and Duration of Study: Subjects: Different departments of Radiology in different hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for 3 months. Methodology: The survey was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to include four major hospitals. The sample of the study included 500 patients (125 for each hospital). Patients are aged 18 years and over were referred by physicians for a radiological examination, including different radiologic modalities. Results: It was found that 52% of patients were provided the information about radiology examination. The mean scores of questions ranged from 69% to 76%. So, there was a strong positive correlation between the radiology examination information received by patients and the radiation questions' score.
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The aim of this study was to review the techniques that improve the images in detecting liver lesions using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). DECT has improved tissue characterization in recent years, which provides extra... more
The aim of this study was to review the techniques that improve the images in detecting liver lesions using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). DECT has improved tissue characterization in recent years, which provides extra information such as tissue composition, compared to single-energy computed tomography (SECT). The use of low and high X-ray tube voltages in DECT provided fused images that improved the detection of liver tumors due to the higher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the tumor compared to the liver. The utilization of the contrast agents in CT scanning improved the image quality by enhancing the CNR and signal– to–noise ratio (SNR) while reducing beam-hardening artefacts. CT imaging visualization and the ability of liver tumor detection can be enhanced using different contrast agents with suitable protocols such as iodine mapping. The use of morphine co-medication in potential donors possibly improved the visualization of the intrahepatic bile ducts after the sphincter of Oddi. Besides that, scanning protocols such as tube current (mAs), collimation, pitch and gantry rotation times were also very important when undergoing CT examination. This also increases the image quality and lesion visibility with lower doses. Furthermore, using the current modulation software such as CARE DOSE 4D, Siemens and SMART MA, GE provided by the manufacturers and low voltage techniques in detecting hyper vascular liver lesions, helped in reducing the dose administered to the patient. The dose in DECT is lower compared to CT perfusion and the conventional SECT, and maintains the image quality at the same time. DECT had shown an encouraging future in improving the characterization and detection of the liver lesions compared to the conventional SECT.
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The diagnostic radiology has become a key pillar in the last four decades, especially with the progress of technology and medical physics that accelerated the development of radiology stunningly and generally added new features in... more
The diagnostic radiology has become a key pillar in the last four decades, especially with the progress of technology and medical physics that accelerated the development of radiology stunningly and generally added new features in medicine. This project aims to use the resulting reports in the radiology department at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) to explore the musculoskeletal injuries and disorders caused by motor vehicle accidents for different age groups of youth (15 – 25 years old), adults (25 -40 years old) and old adults (>40 years old) as well as to study the relationship of those injuries and disorders with the bone mass index (BMI), where the musculoskeletal system is considered one of the most important support systems in the body. As a result of this study, the male participants (52%) were higher than in females (48%) for all different types of studied injuries. The youths were the dominant injured age group (42%) for all the participants followed by the old adults (32%) while the adult age group was the least (26%). It was found that there is a very high significant relationship (p<<0.05) for the degree of freedom (df = 6) between BMI and age groups. Youth males are considered as the dominant (30%) of all participants while the least was the older adults (8%) of the total participants. The injured knee in the older adults was the highest ratio (14%) while the lumbar spine injury was completely non-existent in the older adult age group. There was a highly significant relationship (p << 0.05, df = 8) between the injured regions and age groups. The lumbar spine had the dominant disorders and injuries (30%) compared to the other regions for various BMI categories and also for various age groups. As a conclusion, the authors recommend to establish an awareness campaign to sensitize the community to the disastrous effects that result from traffic accidents, such as all kinds of paralysis, fractures, and the common musculoskeletal injuries. Also, the introduction of awareness campaigns in schools, especially in middle and secondary schools to teach students etiquette and behaviors of traffic, whether pedestrian or drivers to instill in them the necessary concepts of traffic safety since childhood. The authors emphasize to use a seat belt as well as children and infant chairs when they get on the car, and the need to arrest the parents who put their children at risk and they do not implement these recommendations.
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Aim: To detect the most common musculoskeletal disorders and to explore the common injury and indication of different musculoskeletal systems, and then to obtain the causes of disorders by observing clinical indications via images.... more
Aim: To detect the most common musculoskeletal disorders and to explore the common injury and indication of different musculoskeletal systems, and then to obtain the causes of disorders by observing clinical indications via images. Methodology: The subjects in this project consisted of both genders—males and females and were investigated randomly by collecting data from the PACS unit that exists in the radiology department at KAUH. The participants had a mean age of 7.4 ± 0.3 years, a mean height of 118.2 ± 2.5 cm, a mean mass of 27.8 ± 1.5 kg, and a mean BMI of 19.6 ± 0.8 kg/m 2. The author settled the study plan by building a special, appropriate questionnaire to be handed out to the patients and covered mainly the prospective studies of randomly selected patients who came to the emergency unit and the outpatient units from other departments at KAUH in Jeddah. Results: The ratio of injuries in male children (77%) against females (23%) is 3:1, and this ratio is considered significant between age groups for males when compared with females. The injuries existed most in the age groups of 4 to 6 years old and 8 to 10 years old with approximately the same percentage of the total subjects as about 21% for each age group. Trauma injury was significant (81%) compared to other types of causes in all age groups. There was a significant relationship between the causes of injuries and the age groups in pediatrics (p < 0.05, df = 10) as well as the highest prevalence and significant relationship (p = 5.33 × 10 −6) between the BMI and all causes of injuries in all pediatric age groups. The most occurred injuries were in the upper limb regions (48.6%) and the other lower limb regions (34.3%) in all age groups. There was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between the site of injuries and age groups. The significant site that resulted from trauma was the knee (100%), out of the total traumas' subject. There was a highly significant relationship between the site of injuries and its causes (p = 0.006, i.e. p < 0.05) that were expected. Conclusion: More awareness and understanding in the society are needed and we should concentrate on increasing the knowledge of such by providing them with more learning courses.
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This study is an extended research done by the research team based on their recently published research. The aim of this study is to verify a system software that was developed and verified using only one digital microscope with high... more
This study is an extended research done by the research team based on their recently published research. The aim of this study is to verify a system software that was developed and verified using only one digital microscope with high specification as described in the previously published research, which automatically counts and characterizes ion tracks of irradiated CR-39 to alpha particles, by comparing the output images that were obtained from two different digital microscope models with different specifications. In this current research, two microscopes are used to capture the images of the detectors. The first one is a traditional light microscope with a digital camera connected to the eyepiece. The second microscope is a fully digital one with an LCD monitor with an area of 3.5 " which acts as a 10x eyepiece. Two image resolutions of 0.3 Megapixels from the first microscope and 2.0 Megapixels from the second one are used. The same magnification is used for both microscopes. The manual counting is then compared with the automatic counting in both output images from both different microscopes. The automatic system was compared to the manual counting method for verification; it was found that low illumination uniformity of the images from one of the microscopes reduced the number of counted tracks, whilst good distribution of illumination from the other microscope promoted counting (both manual and automatic). Thence, it can be concluded that the system is highly dependent on image clearness. Additionally, the system showed the ability to count the tracks on different resolutions.
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Aims: To study the types of all possible injuries in different age groups and its prevalence in the Saudi society, especially in the city of Jeddah and its causes. Study Design: A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect... more
Aims: To study the types of all possible injuries in different age groups and its prevalence in the Saudi society, especially in the city of Jeddah and its causes. Study Design: A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect data. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology (X-ray Unit), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for 6 months. Methodology: A questionnaire developed by the authors was used to collect data. The questionnaire had two parts. The first part was used to collect demographic data, and the second part was used to determine the type of injuries (trauma, motor vehicle accident, sudden and chronic). The subjects of the survey were chosen randomly from the radiology department at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Then, SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used for statistical analyses. Data are presented using descriptive statistics and were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: The participants (subjects) were male (56.5%) and female (43.5%) that had a mean age of 28.98±1.09 years, a mean height of 148.02±1.55 cm, and a mean mass of 58.71±1.63 kg. The older adults were the majority (32.2%) in this study followed by pediatric (30.6%) where the immune is lower than the other age groups' categories and is more affected by musculoskeletal injuries. The common injuries of the different musculoskeletal system were explored and obtained. That the highest percentage is related to trauma (58.9%) in all age groups, where the dominant percentage in trauma was in the pediatric age group (27.6%). Through our study, it was found that there is a high significant relationship (p < 0.05) with a degree of freedom is (df=12) between age groups and type of injuries for all genders. Conclusion: More education needs to be provided for our community in preventing and limiting personal injury especially in younger age groups.
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The CR-39 solid state passive nuclear track detector is a popular method to measure charged particle such as alpha and protons and uncharged particles such as neutrons, due to its low cost, robustness, track permanence, and insensitivity... more
The CR-39 solid state passive nuclear track detector is a popular method to measure charged particle such as alpha and protons and uncharged particles such as neutrons, due to its low cost, robustness, track permanence, and insensitivity to gamma, X-ray, beta and electromagnetic waves. Traditional methods for processing CR-39 involve manual counting of the damage trails in the detector using an optical microscope: however, such methods are labor intensive and highly operator-dependent. The main aim of this research is to develop an affordable and fast automatic CR-39 track counting system. A set of CR-39 detectors with dimensions of 1.5 × 1.3 cm were exposed to 226Ra with an activity of 122 KBq for different periods of time. A full digital microscope with an LCD monitor of an area of 3.5” which acts as a 10x eyepiece was used to capture the images from the detectors.
Three thresholds (size, Optical Density (OD) and circularity of the tracks) were applied to identify these tracks and facilitate in counting them. The automatic system was then compared to the manual counting method for verification. The P-value was higher than 0.05 (t-test: P-value for 2tails = 0.99) that showed an insignificant difference between the manual and automatic counting. The system showed a good ability to find and count elliptical tracks using a simple algorithm depending on their circularity values. This system was seen to analyze the tracks effectively, taking less than one minute per detector. The system is almost fully automatic, fast and affordable.
Three thresholds (size, Optical Density (OD) and circularity of the tracks) were applied to identify these tracks and facilitate in counting them. The automatic system was then compared to the manual counting method for verification. The P-value was higher than 0.05 (t-test: P-value for 2tails = 0.99) that showed an insignificant difference between the manual and automatic counting. The system showed a good ability to find and count elliptical tracks using a simple algorithm depending on their circularity values. This system was seen to analyze the tracks effectively, taking less than one minute per detector. The system is almost fully automatic, fast and affordable.
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The electrocardiograph is an electronic instrument used to produce a written record of the electrical activity of the heart. The electrical waveform produced by the heart is called an electrocardiogram or ECG (sometimes EKG after the... more
The electrocardiograph is an electronic instrument used to produce a written record of the electrical activity of the heart. The electrical waveform produced by the heart is called an electrocardiogram or ECG (sometimes EKG after the German spelling). The various features of the ECG can be related to the pumping activity of the heart and is thus used in the diagnosis of the heart disease. The electrocardiograph system described in this module is a simplified one, but it will perform the same basic functions as a more sophisticated commercial instrument. It has been designed to demonstrate the underlying principles of electrocardiograph operation in terms of the functions of individual stages and their interrelationships in the system. Although the simplified version may not include special features found on more complex commercial instruments, an understanding of the operating principles of this model should help in properly using commercial instruments and in understanding its oper...
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ABSTRACT One of the most important gamma radiation quantities with respect to radiation dosimetry and health physics applications is mass–energy absorption. Direct measurements of the coefficient of mass–energy absorption, μen/ρ, are... more
ABSTRACT One of the most important gamma radiation quantities with respect to radiation dosimetry and health physics applications is mass–energy absorption. Direct measurements of the coefficient of mass–energy absorption, μen/ρ, are difficult and typically recourse is taken to theoretical computations. In this study, we have determined μen/ρ experimentally using a simple and direct method based on paraxial sphere transmission, using a proportional response gamma detector. The effects of nonparaxiality and of finite sample thickness have been accounted for, using extrapolation procedures. The deviation from nonproportionality and other corrections have been shown to be small.For 662 keV photons, the measured value of μen/ρ for paraffin wax has been determined using the above method as (3.37±0.05)×10−3 m2/kg. This compares favourably with the theoretically computed value of 3.35×10−3 m2/kg given by Hubbell and Seltzer (1997). The measured value of μen/ρ for gypsum has been determined as (2.96±0.01)×10−3 m2/kg, which also compares favourably with the theoretically computed value of 2.99×10−3 m2/kg given by Hubbell and Seltzer (1997).Comparison of measurements made using spherical shells and cylindrical shells has been provided with the intent of determining the equivalence of these two phantom shapes. In addition to the question of sensitivity of measurements to shell thickness, the investigation also examined the dependency of measured values on source-to-detector separation. Results obtained for the two shapes show close agreement with regard to the values of μen/ρ obtained using either shape.
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Since oxygen is the most important element for human to continue living, an effective low-cost device is needed to monitor oxygen levels in the human blood. Pulse Oximeter is a medical electronic instrument that measures oxygen saturation... more
Since oxygen is the most important element for human to continue living, an effective low-cost device is needed to monitor oxygen levels in the human blood. Pulse Oximeter is a medical electronic instrument that measures oxygen saturation (SaO2) of arterial blood and pulse rate by non-invasive techniques. It is a medical device that allows for a rapid detection of hypoxemic events that could potentially be fatal. Lack of sufficient oxygen in blood tends to cause Hypoxemia which is an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood. This project report covers the basic principles of pulse oximetry and focuses on the hardware implementation of pulse oximeter design. The concept of Pulse Oximetry was introduced followed by an overview of techniques commonly used for design of pulse Oximeter. Software simulation using Matlab/simulink software as well as circuit development toolkits were used to test the validity of pulse oximetry concepts. A hardware model was then developed using P...
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ABSTRACT Compton (incoherently) scattered photons which are directly proportional to the electron density of the scatterer, have been employed in characterizing Rhizophora spp. as breast tissue equivalent. X-ray fluorescent scattered... more
ABSTRACT Compton (incoherently) scattered photons which are directly proportional to the electron density of the scatterer, have been employed in characterizing Rhizophora spp. as breast tissue equivalent. X-ray fluorescent scattered incoherently from Rhizophora spp. sample was measured using Si-PIN detector and three XRF energy values 15.77, 17.48 and 22.16 keV. This study is aimed at providing electron density information in support of the introduction of new tissue substitute materials for mammography phantoms.
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The mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho) of Rhizophora spp. were determined for photons in the energy range of 15.77-25.27 keV. This was carried out by studying the attenuation of X-ray fluorescent photons from zirconium, molybdenum,... more
The mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho) of Rhizophora spp. were determined for photons in the energy range of 15.77-25.27 keV. This was carried out by studying the attenuation of X-ray fluorescent photons from zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, silver, indium and tin targets. The results were compared with theoretical values for average breast tissues in young-age, middle-age and old-age groups calculated using photon cross section database (XCOM), the well-known code for calculating attenuation coefficients and interaction cross-sections. The measured mass attenuation coefficients were found to be very close to the calculated XCOM values in breasts of young-age group.
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Aims: To study the types of sports injuries in different age groups and its prevalence in the Saudi society, especially in the city of Jeddah, thus comparing them with the BMI of the different age groups. Study Design: A prospective study... more
Aims: To study the types of sports injuries in different age groups and its prevalence in the Saudi society, especially in the city of Jeddah, thus comparing them with the BMI of the different age groups. Study Design: A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect data. Place and Duration of Study: Subjects: Department of Radiology (X-ray unit), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for 3 months. Methodology: A questionnaire developed by the authors was used to collect data. The questionnaire had two parts. The first part was used to collect demographic data, and the second part was used to determine the incidences and regions (knee, upper and other lower limb regions) of sports injuries. The subjects of the survey were athletes competing in football, basketball, Original Research Article Nagadi et al.; BJMMR, 13(12): 1-6, 2016; Article no.BJMMR.24500 2 handball, volleyball and daily athletics. Then, SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used for statistical analyses. Data are presented using descriptive statistics and were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: The majority of injured subjects were youth. The upper limb region had the highest incidence of injury (38%) as well as the knee (36%), while the lower limb region had the lowest (26%) injury. The injuries in a knee were the highest (50%) in the adult subjects compared with the other age categories. The highest percentage of the upper limb and other regions of lower limb injuries were concentrated in the pediatric (47%) and youth (67.5%) age groups. There is a highly significant relationship (p<0.05) between the BMI and athletic injuries for the studied age groups. The most common type of injuries that have presented a highly statistical significance were the upper limb (p=3.44×10-6) as well as the other type of injuries for the degree of freedom (df=6). Conclusion: It is confirmed that there is a lack of awareness in nutrition habits in this culture and society, which leads to obesity and overweightness, thus causing injuries when practicing sports.