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ABSTRACT
Robertson's lens to focus his study is the notion of mediation (and theologies of the nature of the divine image), and he successfully maintains his focus on this whilst dealing in some detail with diverse material. This is... more
Robertson's lens to focus his study is the notion of mediation (and theologies of the nature of the divine image), and he successfully maintains his focus on this whilst dealing in some detail with diverse material. This is an impressive achievement. He explores confusing ...
The successive sets of Studia Patristica contain papers delivered at the International Conferences on Patristic Studies, which meet for a week once every four years in Oxford. These papers range over the whole field, both East and West,... more
The successive sets of Studia Patristica contain papers delivered at the International Conferences on Patristic Studies, which meet for a week once every four years in Oxford. These papers range over the whole field, both East and West, from the second century to a section on the Nachleben of the Fathers. The majority are short papers dealing with some small and manageable point; they raise and sometimes resolve questions about the authenticity of documents, dates of events, and such like, and some unveil new texts. The longer papers put such matters into context and indicate wider trends. The whole reflects the state of Patristic scholarship and demonstrates the vigour and popularity of the subject.
The following discussion proceeds in two steps. It first introduces the role women, particularly Mary, plays in the gospel text that carries her name (GM). In this text Mary is given a place that is authoritative, superior to any of the... more
The following discussion proceeds in two steps. It first introduces the role women, particularly Mary, plays in the gospel text that carries her name (GM). In this text Mary is given a place that is authoritative, superior to any of the other disciples of the Lord, but contested by these. We are given the earliest clearly gendered debate on female and male authority in antiquity. In a second step, Marcion's Gospel (Mcn) will be introduced, another text that became soon marginalised, even though, if Klinghardt is right, it formed the basis of all subsequent gospel narratives.
The paper looks at the preeminent role of women in Early Christianity, taking as examples the gospel that carries her name (Gospel of Mary). In this text Mary is given a place that is authoritative, superior to any of the other disciples... more
The paper looks at the preeminent role of women in Early Christianity, taking as examples the gospel that carries her name (Gospel of Mary). In this text Mary is given a place that is authoritative, superior to any of the other disciples of the Lord, but contested by these. In a second step, Marcion's Gospel (Mcn) will be introduced, another text that became soon marginalised, but also highlights the authoritative role of women.
Arguments from silence have a bad taste in historical research. They are seen as weak, and if discovered as part of a line of reasoning, a sign of an ill-conceived approach. Interestingly, arguments from silence are more widespread than... more
Arguments from silence have a bad taste in historical research. They are seen as weak, and if discovered as part of a line of reasoning, a sign of an ill-conceived approach. Interestingly, arguments from silence are more widespread than usually admitted while at the same time little explored in historiography, philosophy and logic. The present article invites to reflect on the nature of such arguments, their heuristic and logical value, and tests them in a few cases in the history of religion.
This is an exploration of Tertullian across his works, particularly the big ones that he mainly wrote to engage with Marcion
This gives my editorial as editor-in-chief to the Papers presented at the Eighteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 2019
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Intro to the special issue of Religion in the Roman Empire on Early Christian Rituals
Asked by the editors to contribute to my old friends and Cologne colleague Udo Tworuschka's Festschrift to contribute a personal reflection about my biographical relation to 'Religionswissenschaft' (religious... more
Asked by the editors to contribute to my old friends and Cologne colleague Udo Tworuschka's Festschrift to contribute a personal reflection about my biographical relation to 'Religionswissenschaft' (religious studies), this paper is a personal statement where I thought where I was on the journey. Reading it now again, yes, work in progress ...

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This paper has a long history. Given long ago at a conference, it was meant to appear in the conference proceedings which never appeared. I had lost both the file and knowledge where the submitted paper ended up - until by chance Robin... more
This paper has a long history. Given long ago at a conference, it was meant to appear in the conference proceedings which never appeared. I had lost both the file and knowledge where the submitted paper ended up - until by chance Robin Leaver had written to me and it turned out that the original paper did not only still exist, but that a very kind colleague, Jason B. Grant, had taken the effort to even translate it into English. Hence, I am glad that the effort of the past through academia.edu can now be put to public use. Sorry that I did not have the time to refresh the bibliography, so it is really a paper from the 1990s.
Today the question is no longer simply, how quickly the letters of Paul acquired normative status, since the work of David Trobisch, Jan Heilmann and Matthias Klinghardt, we also have to ask, in which textual form Paul was read first. As... more
Today the question is no longer simply, how quickly the letters of Paul acquired normative status, since the work of David Trobisch, Jan Heilmann and Matthias Klinghardt, we also have to ask, in which textual form Paul was read first. As this article will show, it is most likely that the text which our sources know as the Marcionite version of Paul (PaulMcn) give us a pre-canonical text which later seems to have been reworked and broadened by the same or similar redactors who were responsible for creating of the fictive Pauline Pastoral Letters. The following discussion examines how the pre-canonical letters of Paul underwent considerable alterations, each time for the purpose of more comfortably fitting the culture of the day. Taking one case in point, namely canonical Paul and his alleged views on homosexuality (and more broadly speaking, sexual immorality as it is discussed in the context of homosexuality), this essay focuses primarily on 1Corinthians 4-6, and argues that the pre-canonical Pauline writings were much shorter than the textus receptus, and presents the surprising conclusion that the pre-canonical Paul is not concerned with homosexuality at all. Finally, it is submitted that redactors of the second century expanded these passages to criticize homosexual behavior, due to historical situations. The article is based on the findings of Ulrich Schmid and Jason BeDuhn, but refines their results and suggests-compared to their reconstructive efforts of PaulMcn-a slightly revised reconstruction of 1CorMcn. 4-6, particularly based on Tertullian's commentaries, as they are the earliest available on these writings, presenting us with a different version than that of the textus receptus. _____________
The Traditio apostolica, alongside the DIDACHE, the Syriac Didascalia apostolorum, and the Apostolic Church Order, is one of four important early Christian church orders that have survived. Unfortunately, the anonymously transmitted... more
The Traditio apostolica, alongside the DIDACHE, the Syriac Didascalia apostolorum, and the Apostolic Church Order, is one of four important early Christian church orders that have survived. Unfortunately, the anonymously transmitted Traditio apostolica has not come down to us in its presumably original Greek, and indeed we have only a few fragments preserved in Greek. Even though the historical Jesus nowhere appears in the Traditio apostolica, except for the Eucharistic prayer (Trad. ap. 5)  and the exceptional “gospelized” chapters, Trad. ap. 41–42, the paper looks into the ways, the Christ tradition is present in the text, particularly in the Eucharistic prayer, this time representing perhaps not the oldest stratum of the text.
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