Feyza Turgay
Kocaeli University, Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Faculty Member
The journal Çalışma (Labour), which started to be published by the Ministry of Labour in September 1945, shortly after the establishment of the Ministry of Labour in June 1945, can be described as the first governmental social policy... more
The journal Çalışma (Labour), which started to be
published by the Ministry of Labour in September 1945, shortly after
the establishment of the Ministry of Labour in June 1945, can be
described as the first governmental social policy publication that not
only made significant contributions to the formation of social policy
in Turkey, but also served as a mouthpiece for the social policy
approach of the period. The second half of the 1940s were founding
years for social policy and labour relations in Turkey. The
establishment of the Ministry of Labour in 1945, the abolition of the
prohibition of establishing societies "on behalf of and on the basis of
class" in 1946 and the transition to a regime of freedom of
association, the regulation of the right to unionise with Law No. 5018
in 1947, the strengthening of union organisation from 1948 onwards
and the emergence of strike debates are the main developments of
these years in terms of labour relations.
During these turbulent years, Çalışma has been a publication that
deals with labour relations and social policy issues in detail. The
journal included articles with contemporary and historical dimensions and in-depth analyses of a wide range of aspects of social policy. The
journal covered a wide range of topics from social insurance to the
right to work, from international labour issues to women workers.
Çalışma was a voluminous journal regularly written by experts in
social policy and labour relations of the period. The journal became
the intellectual centre of social policy in the 1940s. In addition to
being a social policy focus, the journal also became the mouthpiece of
the regime's official social policy approach. As such, it took a distant
and antagonistic stance towards social policy issues (class, politics,
strikes, and internationalism) that were controversial for the regime.
The journal, which was among the founding corpus of social policy in
Turkey, also had a crucial constraint. The journal was characterised by
the social policy approach of the regime and the ruling party, CHP. It
had authoritarian and paternalistic approaches to the issue of strikes
and trade unions. Therefore, it is also possible to characterise the
journal as the regime's social policy publication.
The journal, which started to be published in September 1945, was
published monthly except for a few issues until September 1947, but
then the publication period started to be interrupted. The last issue of
Çalışma, which was published 29 issues in total, is dated December
1950. In this essay, all 29 issues of Çalışma published between
September 1945 and December 1950 will be addressed. After the rule
of the Democrat Party, a journal titled Çalışma Vekaleti Dergisi was
published in 1953 and other journals titled Çalışma Dergisi and Çalışma
Hayatımız were published in the 1970s. Yet, we believe that these
journals were not a successor to Çalışma journal. Therefore, the essay
will focus on Çalışma journal, which was published for 29 issues
between 1945 and 1950.
published by the Ministry of Labour in September 1945, shortly after
the establishment of the Ministry of Labour in June 1945, can be
described as the first governmental social policy publication that not
only made significant contributions to the formation of social policy
in Turkey, but also served as a mouthpiece for the social policy
approach of the period. The second half of the 1940s were founding
years for social policy and labour relations in Turkey. The
establishment of the Ministry of Labour in 1945, the abolition of the
prohibition of establishing societies "on behalf of and on the basis of
class" in 1946 and the transition to a regime of freedom of
association, the regulation of the right to unionise with Law No. 5018
in 1947, the strengthening of union organisation from 1948 onwards
and the emergence of strike debates are the main developments of
these years in terms of labour relations.
During these turbulent years, Çalışma has been a publication that
deals with labour relations and social policy issues in detail. The
journal included articles with contemporary and historical dimensions and in-depth analyses of a wide range of aspects of social policy. The
journal covered a wide range of topics from social insurance to the
right to work, from international labour issues to women workers.
Çalışma was a voluminous journal regularly written by experts in
social policy and labour relations of the period. The journal became
the intellectual centre of social policy in the 1940s. In addition to
being a social policy focus, the journal also became the mouthpiece of
the regime's official social policy approach. As such, it took a distant
and antagonistic stance towards social policy issues (class, politics,
strikes, and internationalism) that were controversial for the regime.
The journal, which was among the founding corpus of social policy in
Turkey, also had a crucial constraint. The journal was characterised by
the social policy approach of the regime and the ruling party, CHP. It
had authoritarian and paternalistic approaches to the issue of strikes
and trade unions. Therefore, it is also possible to characterise the
journal as the regime's social policy publication.
The journal, which started to be published in September 1945, was
published monthly except for a few issues until September 1947, but
then the publication period started to be interrupted. The last issue of
Çalışma, which was published 29 issues in total, is dated December
1950. In this essay, all 29 issues of Çalışma published between
September 1945 and December 1950 will be addressed. After the rule
of the Democrat Party, a journal titled Çalışma Vekaleti Dergisi was
published in 1953 and other journals titled Çalışma Dergisi and Çalışma
Hayatımız were published in the 1970s. Yet, we believe that these
journals were not a successor to Çalışma journal. Therefore, the essay
will focus on Çalışma journal, which was published for 29 issues
between 1945 and 1950.
Research Interests:
Trade Unions and Industrial Relations at SEKA in a Period Without Right To Strike and Collective Bargaining (1946-1960) Abstract: State Economic Enterprises (SEEs), the first large-scale industrial enterprises of Republican Turkey, have... more
Trade Unions and Industrial Relations at SEKA in a Period Without Right To Strike and Collective Bargaining (1946-1960)
Abstract: State Economic Enterprises (SEEs), the first large-scale industrial enterprises of Republican Turkey, have a critical role in understanding the formation of the working class in Turkey. SEEs, in which the modern sense of working-class formation took place in Turkey, have been influential on the formation of class consciousness, not only because of quantitative factors, but also by ensuring that workers come together collectively. İzmit Paper and Cardboard Factory (SEKA) was one of the first State Economic Enterprises established by Sümerbank within the scope of the economic development goals that started in the 1930s. In this respect, it is an crucial example in terms of understanding how political, legal, and economic processes affected the dynamics of working-class formation in a public enterprise in early Republican Turkey. The study deals with the union organizing process, union experiences and industrial relations in SEKA between 1946 and 1960, based on primary sources, and examines the experience of collective labour relations shaped in a period without right to strike and collective bargaining.
Abstract: State Economic Enterprises (SEEs), the first large-scale industrial enterprises of Republican Turkey, have a critical role in understanding the formation of the working class in Turkey. SEEs, in which the modern sense of working-class formation took place in Turkey, have been influential on the formation of class consciousness, not only because of quantitative factors, but also by ensuring that workers come together collectively. İzmit Paper and Cardboard Factory (SEKA) was one of the first State Economic Enterprises established by Sümerbank within the scope of the economic development goals that started in the 1930s. In this respect, it is an crucial example in terms of understanding how political, legal, and economic processes affected the dynamics of working-class formation in a public enterprise in early Republican Turkey. The study deals with the union organizing process, union experiences and industrial relations in SEKA between 1946 and 1960, based on primary sources, and examines the experience of collective labour relations shaped in a period without right to strike and collective bargaining.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Öz: 1960 sonrası yasalaşan sendikal hakların işçi hareketinin ve sendikaların bir katkısı olmadan, asker-bürokrat-aydın elitlerin çabalarıyla sağlandığı değerlendirmesi çalışma ilişkileri ve emek tarihi yazınında geniş bir yer... more
Öz: 1960 sonrası yasalaşan sendikal hakların işçi hareketinin ve sendikaların bir katkısı olmadan,
asker-bürokrat-aydın elitlerin çabalarıyla sağlandığı değerlendirmesi çalışma ilişkileri ve
emek tarihi yazınında geniş bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu konudaki genel eğilim hakların oluşum
sürecinde işçi hareketinin rolünü yok saymak biçiminde şekillenmiş olsa da kanımızca böyle
bir değerlendirme eksik kalacaktır. Konu diğer boyutlarıyla birlikte incelemeye değerdir. Türkiye’de
yaygın olarak tercih edilen, işçi sınıfı mücadelesini veya birikimini 1960’lardan başlatma
eğilimi, o tarihte yükselen mücadelenin yalnızca Anayasa ve yasalarla bağlantılı olduğunu dü-
şünmek anlamına gelir. Böyle bir düşünce 1960 öncesi birikimi yok saymaya, dahası toplumsal
yaşamın çok faktörlü, çok yönlü ve çok düzeyli gelişim sürecini ihmal etmeye yol açacaktır. Bu
çalışmada Türkiye’de 1961 Anayasası ile anayasal güvenceye kavuşturulan grevli toplu sözleş-
meli sendikal hakların yasalaşma aşamasında (1960-1963) gerçekleşen belli başlı işçi eylemleri
incelenerek, işçi sınıfının eylemlilik birikimi ve sürece olan katkıları ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
Abstract: The claim that trade union rights are gained thanks to military-bureaucraticintellectual
elites instead of labour movement and trade unions after 1960 has been occupying a
large place in labour relations and labour history literature. Even if the general tendency in this
matter is to ignore the role of labour movement, this consideration does not seem right. The issue
is worth analysing with other dimensions. Attempts to start labour struggle history in Turkey
from the 1960’s mean that the rising struggles of these times were only related to the constitution
and laws. Such a thought will lead to ignore all struggles happened before 1960’s on the one
hand and the development process of social life with multidimensional and multidirectional
perspectives on the other. This study investigates labour class union accumulation and its
contribution to the process by evaluating the main labour movements in the time of recognition
of trade union laws with right to strike in Turkey with 1961 constitution.
asker-bürokrat-aydın elitlerin çabalarıyla sağlandığı değerlendirmesi çalışma ilişkileri ve
emek tarihi yazınında geniş bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu konudaki genel eğilim hakların oluşum
sürecinde işçi hareketinin rolünü yok saymak biçiminde şekillenmiş olsa da kanımızca böyle
bir değerlendirme eksik kalacaktır. Konu diğer boyutlarıyla birlikte incelemeye değerdir. Türkiye’de
yaygın olarak tercih edilen, işçi sınıfı mücadelesini veya birikimini 1960’lardan başlatma
eğilimi, o tarihte yükselen mücadelenin yalnızca Anayasa ve yasalarla bağlantılı olduğunu dü-
şünmek anlamına gelir. Böyle bir düşünce 1960 öncesi birikimi yok saymaya, dahası toplumsal
yaşamın çok faktörlü, çok yönlü ve çok düzeyli gelişim sürecini ihmal etmeye yol açacaktır. Bu
çalışmada Türkiye’de 1961 Anayasası ile anayasal güvenceye kavuşturulan grevli toplu sözleş-
meli sendikal hakların yasalaşma aşamasında (1960-1963) gerçekleşen belli başlı işçi eylemleri
incelenerek, işçi sınıfının eylemlilik birikimi ve sürece olan katkıları ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
Abstract: The claim that trade union rights are gained thanks to military-bureaucraticintellectual
elites instead of labour movement and trade unions after 1960 has been occupying a
large place in labour relations and labour history literature. Even if the general tendency in this
matter is to ignore the role of labour movement, this consideration does not seem right. The issue
is worth analysing with other dimensions. Attempts to start labour struggle history in Turkey
from the 1960’s mean that the rising struggles of these times were only related to the constitution
and laws. Such a thought will lead to ignore all struggles happened before 1960’s on the one
hand and the development process of social life with multidimensional and multidirectional
perspectives on the other. This study investigates labour class union accumulation and its
contribution to the process by evaluating the main labour movements in the time of recognition
of trade union laws with right to strike in Turkey with 1961 constitution.
Research Interests:
Özet Örgütlenme, toplu pazarlık ve grev haklarını kapsayan çalışanların sendikal hakları konusu Avrupa Birliği Hukuku içinde en tartışmalı alanlardan biridir. Birlik organlarının bu konuda bağlayıcı düzenleme yapma yetkisinin olmaması... more
Özet
Örgütlenme, toplu pazarlık ve grev haklarını kapsayan çalışanların sendikal hakları konusu Avrupa Birliği Hukuku
içinde en tartışmalı alanlardan biridir. Birlik organlarının bu konuda bağlayıcı düzenleme yapma yetkisinin
olmaması (Roma Ant. Md.137) ve Avrupa Birliği Hukuku’nun dayandığı pek çok belgede bu haklara yer veriliyor
olması tartışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada sosyal politika açısından sendikal hakların ne anlama
geldiği belirtildikten sonra, Avrupa Birliği’nin kurucu antlaşma ve belgelerinde ve Topluluk hukukuna dahil
ettiği BM, ILO ve Avrupa Konseyi belgelerinde yer alan sendikal haklara ilişkin düzenlemelere yer verilerek AB
hukukunda sendikal hakların yerine ilişkin tartışmalar ve müzakere sürecinde sendikal haklar alanında TürkiyeAB
uyum süreci değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Abstract
The issue of collective rights which covers the rights of organising, collective bargaining and strike is one of the contentious
subjects in the EU legislation. The facts that the union organs don't have the authority to enact obligatory
regulations and many documents on which the EU legislation based include these rights are the emerging
points of the debate. In this study, after stating the meaning of collective rights in regards of social policy, the debates
about the position of collective rights in the EU legislation and the harmonization process of Turkey to the
union in terms of collective rights will be explained by discussing the arrangements on collective rights in UN, ILO
and EU Council documents which EU included in founding agreements and documents.
Örgütlenme, toplu pazarlık ve grev haklarını kapsayan çalışanların sendikal hakları konusu Avrupa Birliği Hukuku
içinde en tartışmalı alanlardan biridir. Birlik organlarının bu konuda bağlayıcı düzenleme yapma yetkisinin
olmaması (Roma Ant. Md.137) ve Avrupa Birliği Hukuku’nun dayandığı pek çok belgede bu haklara yer veriliyor
olması tartışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada sosyal politika açısından sendikal hakların ne anlama
geldiği belirtildikten sonra, Avrupa Birliği’nin kurucu antlaşma ve belgelerinde ve Topluluk hukukuna dahil
ettiği BM, ILO ve Avrupa Konseyi belgelerinde yer alan sendikal haklara ilişkin düzenlemelere yer verilerek AB
hukukunda sendikal hakların yerine ilişkin tartışmalar ve müzakere sürecinde sendikal haklar alanında TürkiyeAB
uyum süreci değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Abstract
The issue of collective rights which covers the rights of organising, collective bargaining and strike is one of the contentious
subjects in the EU legislation. The facts that the union organs don't have the authority to enact obligatory
regulations and many documents on which the EU legislation based include these rights are the emerging
points of the debate. In this study, after stating the meaning of collective rights in regards of social policy, the debates
about the position of collective rights in the EU legislation and the harmonization process of Turkey to the
union in terms of collective rights will be explained by discussing the arrangements on collective rights in UN, ILO
and EU Council documents which EU included in founding agreements and documents.
Research Interests:
Bu çalışmada 6356 sayılı Sendikalar ve Toplu İş Sözleşmesi Kanunu’nun Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe girdiği Kasım 2012’den sonra Ocak 2013 ile Temmuz 2022 arasında ilgili bakanlıklar tarafından Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan... more
Bu çalışmada 6356 sayılı Sendikalar ve Toplu İş Sözleşmesi Kanunu’nun
Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe girdiği Kasım
2012’den sonra Ocak 2013 ile Temmuz 2022 arasında ilgili bakanlıklar
tarafından Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan sendikalaşma
istatistikleri (işkolu tebliğleri) esas alınarak 6356 sayılı Yasa’nın
10. yılında Türkiye’de işçi sendikalarının üye sayıları ve oranları
ile işkolu, sektör ve konfederasyon bazında sendikalaşma ve üye
eğilimleri irdelenecektir. Çalışmada 6356 sayılı Yasa döneminde
sendika üyeliği ve sendikalaşma oranlarında yaşanan artışın sebepleri
ele alınmakta, özellikle işkolu ve kamu-özel sektör ayırımında
bir değerlendirme yapılarak sendikalaşma artışının farklı
katmanlarına ve eğilimlerine dikkat çekilmektedir
Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe girdiği Kasım
2012’den sonra Ocak 2013 ile Temmuz 2022 arasında ilgili bakanlıklar
tarafından Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan sendikalaşma
istatistikleri (işkolu tebliğleri) esas alınarak 6356 sayılı Yasa’nın
10. yılında Türkiye’de işçi sendikalarının üye sayıları ve oranları
ile işkolu, sektör ve konfederasyon bazında sendikalaşma ve üye
eğilimleri irdelenecektir. Çalışmada 6356 sayılı Yasa döneminde
sendika üyeliği ve sendikalaşma oranlarında yaşanan artışın sebepleri
ele alınmakta, özellikle işkolu ve kamu-özel sektör ayırımında
bir değerlendirme yapılarak sendikalaşma artışının farklı
katmanlarına ve eğilimlerine dikkat çekilmektedir
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
“Uzun yolculuklarda içinden geçilen, tepelere kurulmuş, upuzun, ipince, garip bir kenttir İzmit. Yolların, yolculukların kentidir. Bütün yolların Roma’ya çıktığı vakitler, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun doğudaki başkenti ve en önemli kentlerinden... more
“Uzun yolculuklarda içinden geçilen, tepelere kurulmuş, upuzun, ipince, garip bir kenttir İzmit. Yolların, yolculukların kentidir. Bütün yolların Roma’ya çıktığı vakitler, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun doğudaki başkenti ve en önemli kentlerinden biri değil miydi zaten? İzmit bir geçiş coğrafyasının üzerinde kuruludur. (…) İzmit gurbetin şehridir... İzmit’te İzmitliler bile gurbette gibi yaşar... Yolların üzerinde bir kapıdır İzmit... İstanbul’a açılan kapıdır, İstanbul’dan Anadolu’ya açılan kapıdır... En çok da geçim kapısıdır...”
Research Interests:
The “Intellectual Centre” of Socıal Polıcy in the 1940s: The Journal of Çalışma (Labour) (1945-1950) Abstract: The journal Çalışma (Labour), which started to be published by the Ministry of Labour in September 1945, shortly after the... more
The “Intellectual Centre” of Socıal Polıcy in the 1940s: The Journal of Çalışma (Labour) (1945-1950)
Abstract: The journal Çalışma (Labour), which started to be published by the Ministry of Labour in September 1945, shortly after the establishment of the Ministry of Labour in June 1945, can be described as the first governmental social policy publication that not only made significant contributions to the formation of social policy in Turkey, but also served as a mouthpiece for the social policy approach of the period. The second half of the 1940s were founding years for social policy and labour relations in Turkey. The establishment of the Ministry of Labour in 1945, the abolition of the prohibition of establishing societies "on behalf of and on the basis of class" in 1946 and the transition to a regime of freedom of association, the regulation of the right to unionise with Law No. 5018 in 1947, the strengthening of union organisation from 1948 onwards and the emergence of strike debates are the main developments of these years in terms of labour relations.
During these turbulent years, Çalışma has been a publication that deals with labour relations and social policy issues in detail. The journal included articles with contemporary and historical dimensions and in-depth analyses of a wide range of aspects of social policy. The journal covered a wide range of topics from social insurance to the right to work, from international labour issues to women workers. Çalışma was a voluminous journal regularly written by experts in social policy and labour relations of the period. The journal became the intellectual centre of social policy in the 1940s. In addition to being a social policy focus, the journal also became the mouthpiece of the regime's official social policy approach. As such, it took a distant and antagonistic stance towards social policy issues (class, politics, strikes, and internationalism) that were controversial for the regime. The journal, which was among the founding corpus of social policy in Turkey, also had a crucial constraint. The journal was characterised by the social policy approach of the regime and the ruling party, CHP. It had authoritarian and paternalistic approaches to the issue of strikes and trade unions. Therefore, it is also possible to characterise the journal as the regime's social policy publication.
The journal, which started to be published in September 1945, was published monthly except for a few issues until September 1947, but then the publication period started to be interrupted. The last issue of Çalışma, which was published 29 issues in total, is dated December 1950. In this essay, all 29 issues of Çalışma published between September 1945 and December 1950 will be addressed. After the rule of the Democrat Party, a journal titled Çalışma Vekaleti Dergisi was published in 1953 and other journals titled Çalışma Dergisi and Çalışma Hayatımız were published in the 1970s. Yet, we believe that these journals were not a successor to Çalışma journal. Therefore, the essay will focus on Çalışma journal, which was published for 29 issues between 1945 and 1950.
Abstract: The journal Çalışma (Labour), which started to be published by the Ministry of Labour in September 1945, shortly after the establishment of the Ministry of Labour in June 1945, can be described as the first governmental social policy publication that not only made significant contributions to the formation of social policy in Turkey, but also served as a mouthpiece for the social policy approach of the period. The second half of the 1940s were founding years for social policy and labour relations in Turkey. The establishment of the Ministry of Labour in 1945, the abolition of the prohibition of establishing societies "on behalf of and on the basis of class" in 1946 and the transition to a regime of freedom of association, the regulation of the right to unionise with Law No. 5018 in 1947, the strengthening of union organisation from 1948 onwards and the emergence of strike debates are the main developments of these years in terms of labour relations.
During these turbulent years, Çalışma has been a publication that deals with labour relations and social policy issues in detail. The journal included articles with contemporary and historical dimensions and in-depth analyses of a wide range of aspects of social policy. The journal covered a wide range of topics from social insurance to the right to work, from international labour issues to women workers. Çalışma was a voluminous journal regularly written by experts in social policy and labour relations of the period. The journal became the intellectual centre of social policy in the 1940s. In addition to being a social policy focus, the journal also became the mouthpiece of the regime's official social policy approach. As such, it took a distant and antagonistic stance towards social policy issues (class, politics, strikes, and internationalism) that were controversial for the regime. The journal, which was among the founding corpus of social policy in Turkey, also had a crucial constraint. The journal was characterised by the social policy approach of the regime and the ruling party, CHP. It had authoritarian and paternalistic approaches to the issue of strikes and trade unions. Therefore, it is also possible to characterise the journal as the regime's social policy publication.
The journal, which started to be published in September 1945, was published monthly except for a few issues until September 1947, but then the publication period started to be interrupted. The last issue of Çalışma, which was published 29 issues in total, is dated December 1950. In this essay, all 29 issues of Çalışma published between September 1945 and December 1950 will be addressed. After the rule of the Democrat Party, a journal titled Çalışma Vekaleti Dergisi was published in 1953 and other journals titled Çalışma Dergisi and Çalışma Hayatımız were published in the 1970s. Yet, we believe that these journals were not a successor to Çalışma journal. Therefore, the essay will focus on Çalışma journal, which was published for 29 issues between 1945 and 1950.