Bertholletia excelsa
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Asteridae
Ordo : Ericales
Familia : Lecythidaceae
Genus : Bertholletia
Species : B. excelsa
Bertholletia excelsa (binomen ab Amato Bonpland cum Alexandro von Humboldt anno 1807 statutum) est arbor Americana Meridionalis in familia Lecythidacearum et fons seminis edulis commercioque exculti.
Arbor est sola species in monotypico typo generis Bertholletiae. Endemica est in Guianis, Venetiola, Brasilia, Columbia orientali, Peruvia orientali, et Bolivia orientali. In nemoribus dispersis intra magnas silvas ad ripas fluminum Amazonum, Nigri, et Orinoci viget. Generis nomen ex Claudio Ludovico Berthollet, chemista Francico, deducitur.
Arbor, una ex maximis silvae pluvialis Amazonicae arborum, ad 30–45 metra alta attingit, trunco 1–2 metra lato. Potest vivere plusquam 500 annos, et secundum nonnullos eruditos, aetatem 1000 annorum saepe adsequitur.[1] Caulis est recta, ferme sine ramis per plusquam dimidium altitudinis arboris, et folia longique rami in altum super folia ramique aliarum arborum prominent. Cortex est cineraceus et laevis. Folia sunt tempore sicco decidua, alterna, simplicia, integra aut crenata, oblonga, 20–35 centimetra longa, et 10–15 centimetra lata. Flores sunt parvi, pallide virides, in paniculis 5–10 centimetra longis; cuique flori est deciduus duarum partium calyx, sex inaequalia petala cremea, et numerosa stamina in lata massa cucullata coniuncta.
Reproductio
[recensere | fontem recensere]Arbores fructum paene solum in silvis pristinis producunt, quia silvae turbatae magnis apibus generum Bombi, Centris, Epicharis, Eulaemae, et Xylocopae carent, solis insectis quae arboris flores possunt pollinare (Moritz 1984; Nelson et al. 1985).
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ Bruno Taitson, "Harvesting nuts, improving lives in Brazil," WWF, 18 Ianuarii 2007.
Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Fontes antiquiores
- 1586 : Ioannes Lerius, Historia navigationis in Brasiliam p. 155 2a ed. ("Sabaucaie")
- Alexander von Humboldt, Amatus Bonpland, Plantae Aequinoctiales vol. 1 pp. 122–127, pl. 36
- Eruditio recentior
- Fruit-bearing Forest Trees: technical notes. (FAO Forestry Paper, 34.) Romae: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1982. Textus
- Victor L. Caetano Andrade et al., "Growth rings of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) as a living record of historical human disturbance in Central Amazonia" in PLOS One (3 Aprilis 2019)
- Charles R. Clement, Michelly de Cristo-Araújo, Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, Alessandro Alves Pereira, Doriane Picanço-Rodrigues, "Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops" in Diversity vol. 2 (2010) pp. 72-106
- A. Moritz, Estudos biológicos da floração e da frutificação da castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa HBK). 1984. Vol. 29
- B. W. Nelson, M. L. Absy, E. M. Barbosa, G. T. Prance, "Observations on flower visitors to Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. and Couratari tenuicarpa A.C.Sm. (Lecythidaceae)[nexus deficit]" in Acta Amazonica vol. 15 (1985) pp. 225–234
- Carlos A. Peres et al., "Demographic threats to the sustainability of Brazil nut exploitation" in Science vol. 302 (2003) pp. 2112–2114
Nexus externi
[recensere | fontem recensere]![]() |
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Bertholletiam excelsam spectant. |
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Vide "Bertholletia excelsa" apud Vicispecies. |
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Situs scientifici: Tropicos • GRIN • ITIS • Plant List • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • IUCN Red List • INPN France • Flora of North America • USDA Plants Database |
- Americas Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Costa Rica, November 1996) (1998). Bertholletia excelsa. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1acd+2 cd v2.3)
- Pagina nucum Brasilianarum apud New York Botanical Gardens