Eva Kern

3 Conclusion We present a conceptual reference model for Green and Sustainable Software that comprises a software products' lifecycle, direct and indirect effects, different user roles and approaches for activities. As a reference model its objective is to structure concepts, ...

ABSTRACT The energy consumption of information and communication technology (ICT) is still increasing. Even though several solutions regarding the hardware side of Green IT exist, the software contribution to Green IT is not well investigated. The carbon footprint is one way to rate the environmental impacts of ICT. In order to get an impression of the induced CO2 emissions of software, we will present a calculation method for the carbon footprint of a software product over its life cycle. We also offer an approach on how to integrate some aspects of carbon footprint calculation into software development processes and discuss impacts and tools regarding this calculation method. We thus show the relevance of energy measurements and the attention to impacts on the carbon footprint by software within Green Software Engineering.

Sustain ability is a keyword in the 21th century. It gains importance in all industry sectors, in politics and in public perception. In our paper we give an overview of our research in the field of sustainability in computer science. We focus on software and the development of software. Therefore we make a proposal for a life cycle model which

The resource and power consumption of ICT is still increasing, but also the benefits of ICT, e.g. in finding more efficient solutions for environmental problems. To date, it is not clear, whether the resource and energy savings through ICT overbalance the resource and energy consumption by ICT, or not. Up to now, manifold efforts of Green IT address the environmental aspects of sustainability considering computer hardware. However, there is still a lack of models, descriptions or realizations in the area of computer software and software process models. In our contribution, we first propose definitions of the terms “Green and Sustainable Software” and “Green and Sustainable Software Engineering”. Then we outline a conceptual reference model, the GREENSOFT Model. This model includes a cradle-to-grave product life cycle model for software products, sustainability metrics and criteria for software, software engineering extensions for sustainably sound software design and development, as well as appropriate guidance. The GREENSOFT Model is a framework that classifies
activities regarding green and sustainable software and its engineering.

Caused by the movement to a sustainable development, Green IT is still a big trend and more than just a buzz phrase. Especially data centers are working on their own energy efficiency. Additionally, Green IT needs to involve end users as the ones who play a decisive role in the utilization phase of ICT (ICT: information and communication technology) devices as well as software products according to the idea of Life Cycle Thinking. In our chapter, we describe some typical end user software usage scenarios and take measurements to ascertain the energy consumption induced by these. We compare the energy consumption of word processors as well as the energy consumption induced by web browsers. In regard to sustainable development, the user has to be involved in the movements of Green IT.

Sustainability is a keyword in the 21th century. It gains importance in all industry sectors, in politics and in public perception. In our paper we give an overview of our research in the field of sustainability in computer science. We focus on software and the development of software. Therefore we make a proposal for a life cycle model which helps to develop green and sustainable software products. In addition we present concrete realizations to support stakeholders involved in the software products' life cycle.

In the field of information and computer technology (ICT), saving energy has its focus set on energy efficient hardware and its operation. Recently, efforts have also been made in the area of computer software. However, the development of energy efficient software requires metrics, which measure the software's energy consumption as well as models to monitor and minimize it. In software and software development processes they hardly exist. In this work we present a generic metric to measure software and a method to apply it in a software engineering process.