Sinclair W Bell
Northern Illinois University, Art History, Faculty Member
- American Academy in Rome, Ancient Studies, AlumnusUniversity of Cincinnati, Classics, Department Member, and 5 moreadd
- Roman Iconography, Ancient Sports/Athletics, Nachleben, Etruscan Archaeology, Roman Circuses, Roman games, and 143 moreThe sociology of ancient spectacle, Roman Circus, Roman Provincial Archaeology, Gladiators, Greek and Roman Portraiture, Ancient Greek and Roman Art, Ancient Portraiture, Roman Sculpture, Ancient Sport History, Roman social and economic history, Roman social history, Roman Funerary Art, Roman Portraiture, Art History, Classical Archaeology, Roman History, Etruscan and pre-Roman archaeology, Ancient Art, Reception of Antiquity, Etruscan studies, Etruscology, Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology), Art Theory, Ancient Urbanism, Roman North Africa (Archaeology), Roman Epigraphy, Archaeology of Buildings, Greek and Roman Art and Architecture, Cultural history of the Ancient world, Roman Art, Roman Architecture, Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, Libertae, Roman freedwomen, Roman Slavery, Freedmen, Imperial Freedmen, Iscrizioni, Epigrafia, Classics, Inscriptions, Ancient Visual Culture (Archaeology), Archaeology of Religion, History of Classical Archaeology, Late Roman Archaeology, Roman Archaeology, Imperial ideology and representation, Roman Imperial Ideology, Imperial Rome, Roman Villae, Acculturation and 'Romanisation', Romanization, Roman Architecture and Urbanism, Pompeii (Archaeology), Herculaneum, Roman Wall Painting, Pompeii, Roman Domestic Space, Roman houses, Roman urban crafts, Roman Religion, Archaeology of Roman Religion, Sanctuaries in Ancient Rome and Italy, Greek and Roman Epigraphy, Votive offerings, Roman Temples, Roman imperial cult, Architectural Decoration-Bauornamentik, Roman Marble trade and distribution, Bauforschung, Classical Architecture, Classical Architectural Decoration, Augustan Principate, Roman political culture, Mario Carpo, Roman Law, Roman law and Civil Procedure, Roman Spectacle and Entertainment, Emotions (Social Psychology), Vitruvius, Vitruvius Renaissance, Vitruvius Theory, Éditions et traductions du Vitruve De Architectura Libri Decem: numérisation de l’ensemble des éditions et traductions (y compris manuscrites) et étude des commentaires et propositions relatives à l’ordre dorique, Sociology of Sport, Roman Empire, Ancient Sport and Festivals, Sport, Latin Language and Literature, Epigraphy, Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Visual Culture, Material Culture, Ancient History, Architecture, Gladiators, Roman Iconography, Mass culture, Classical Studies, Popular Culture, Latin Epigraphy, Roman family, Greek and Roman Social History, Children in the Roman world, History of Childhood, Michel Fuchs Fribourg, Roman freedmen, Freedmen of Imperial Rome, Epigraphy (Archaeology), Archeologia, Etruscan Architecture, Roman North Africa, Ancient Emotions, Theater and Circus, Gladiators and the Arena Games, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, Chariot Racing, Roman board games, Ancient magic, History of Latin Language, Classical Antiquity, Italian Studies, Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Renaissance Studies, Medieval Archaeology, Italian Renaissance Art, Renaissance Italy, Critical Race Theory, Race and Racism, Race and Ethnicity, Postcolonial Studies, Critical Race Studies, Critical Race Theory and Whiteness theory, History of Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Roman Bronze Vessels, Roman Bronzes, Roman Small Finds, Klassische Archäologie, Archäologie, Bronzetti, Gender Studies, Ingrid Krauskopf, and Roman Amphitheateredit
- Sinclair Bell is a classical archaeologist and art historian. He is Professor of Art History as well as Presidential ... moreSinclair Bell is a classical archaeologist and art historian. He is Professor of Art History as well as Presidential Teaching Professor (2021-2025) at Northern Illinois University.
His current areas of research are: the art and archaeology of the Etruscans; the art and archaeology of the Roman provinces; spectacles in the Roman imperial period; the visual and material evidence for slaves and foreigners in the Roman Empire, especially Aethiopians/Nubians.edit - Glenys Daviesedit
Research Interests:
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly... more
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly fragmentary sources whose contents have been fundamentally shaped by the forces of domination. Even though freed persons were defined through a common legal status and shared the experience of enslavement and manumission, many different interactions could derive from these commonalities in different periods and localities across the empire. Drawing on literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence, this book provides cases studies that test the various ways in which juridical categories and normative discourses shaped the social and cultural landscape in which freed people lived. By approaching the literary and epigraphic representations of freed persons in new ways, it nuances the impact of power asymmetries and social strategies on the cultural practices and lived experiences of freed persons.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Architectural History, Vitruvius, Architectural Theory, Italian Renaissance Architectural History, Roman Architecture, and 6 moreÉditions et traductions du Vitruve De Architectura Libri Decem: numérisation de l’ensemble des éditions et traductions (y compris manuscrites) et étude des commentaires et propositions relatives à l’ordre dorique, Manuscrits médiévaux du Vitruve De Architectura Libri Decem: numérisation, élaboration d'un stemma de l'ensemble des manuscrits connus et mise en lumière de nouvelles familles et groupes de manuscrits), Vitruvius Renaissance, Roman Archaeology, Vitruvius Theory, and Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
This book surveys the practice of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, and in this way offers a selective global history. Unlike previous histories of horse racing, which generally make claims about the exclusiveness of... more
This book surveys the practice of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, and in this way offers a selective global history.
Unlike previous histories of horse racing, which generally make claims about the exclusiveness of modern sport and therefore diminish the importance of premodern physical contests, the contributors to this book approach racing as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed. In order to compare horse racing cultures from completely different epochs and regions, the authors respond to a series of core issues which serve as structural comparative parameters. These key issues include the spatial and architectural framework of races; their organization; victory prizes; symbolic representations of victories and victors; and the social range and identities of the participants. The evidence of these competitions is interpreted in its distinct historical contexts and with regard to specific cultural conditions that shaped the respective relationship between owners, riders, and horses on the global racetracks of pre-modernity and modernity.
Reviews: Anthrozoös (J. Houston); Humanimalia 31.2 (C. Willekes).
Unlike previous histories of horse racing, which generally make claims about the exclusiveness of modern sport and therefore diminish the importance of premodern physical contests, the contributors to this book approach racing as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed. In order to compare horse racing cultures from completely different epochs and regions, the authors respond to a series of core issues which serve as structural comparative parameters. These key issues include the spatial and architectural framework of races; their organization; victory prizes; symbolic representations of victories and victors; and the social range and identities of the participants. The evidence of these competitions is interpreted in its distinct historical contexts and with regard to specific cultural conditions that shaped the respective relationship between owners, riders, and horses on the global racetracks of pre-modernity and modernity.
Reviews: Anthrozoös (J. Houston); Humanimalia 31.2 (C. Willekes).
Research Interests: Roman History, Ottoman History, Horse culture, Byzantine History, Ancient Greek History, and 15 moreRoman Circuses, Native American (History), Horse Riding, New Spain, Horses, Roman Spectacle and Entertainment, Horse, Horse racing, History of Horse Riding, Chariot Racing, Roman Archaeology, Ancient Greek Sport, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, History and Archaeology of the Horse, and Ancient Roman Sport
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern... more
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.
Research Interests: Native American Studies, Roman History, Ottoman History, Horse culture, Ancient Greek History, and 12 moreRoman Circuses, Horse Riding, Horses, Roman Spectacle and Entertainment, History of Horse Riding, Chariot Racing, Roman Archaeology, Ancient Greek Sport, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, Horse Training and Performance, Ancient Roman Sport, and Greek chariot racing
Research Interests: Ancient History, Sociology of Families, Roman History, Sociology of Children and Childhood, History of Education, and 8 moreChildren and Families, Family, History of Childhood and Youth, History of Childhood, History of the Family, Children in the Ancient World, Greek and Roman Social History, and Roman Inscriptions
Research Interests: Sociology of Sport, Sport Psychology, Roman History, Sociology of Children and Childhood, Children and Families, and 19 moreSports History, Anthropology of Children and Childhood, Archaeology of Childhood, Greek Archaeology, Spartan/Messenian history, Ancient Greek History, Sociology of Childhood, Ancient Greece (History), Sport, Children, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greek Cultural & Social History, Roman law, ancient legal history, ancient history, documentary papyri, Latin legal documents, Gladiators, Ancient Greece and Rome, Archaeology of children and childhood, Roman Archaeology, Children In Antiquity, and Sociology of Childhood and Youth
Reviews: Journal of Roman Archaeology 31.2 (2018) 563–567 [N. De Grummond]; Etruscan Studies 20.1 (2017) 100–107 [I. Edlund-Berry]; Opuscula Romana 10 (2017) 190–91 [F. Tobin]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 122.3 (2018) [L.... more
Reviews:
Journal of Roman Archaeology 31.2 (2018) 563–567 [N. De Grummond]; Etruscan Studies 20.1 (2017) 100–107 [I. Edlund-Berry]; Opuscula Romana 10 (2017) 190–91 [F. Tobin]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 122.3 (2018) [L. Taylor]; Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2018.04.41 [V. Riedemann Lorca].
Journal of Roman Archaeology 31.2 (2018) 563–567 [N. De Grummond]; Etruscan Studies 20.1 (2017) 100–107 [I. Edlund-Berry]; Opuscula Romana 10 (2017) 190–91 [F. Tobin]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 122.3 (2018) [L. Taylor]; Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2018.04.41 [V. Riedemann Lorca].
Research Interests: Ancient History, Material Culture Studies, Material culture of religion, Pre-Roman Alphabets of Ancient Italy, Etruscan, and 21 moreArchaeology of pre-Roman Italy, Etruscan Archaeology, Material Culture, Etruscan Funerary Art, Etruscology, Etruscan language, Santuari Etruschi, Etruscan studies, Etruscan and Corinthian Pottery, Etruscan mythology, Etruscan and Roman Italy, Italic Archaeology, Etruscology, Greek and Roman Archaeology, Etruscan and pre-Roman archaeology, Etruscan gods and goddesses, Etruscan Iconography, Archaeology (Etruscology and Archaeology of pre-Roman Italy), Etruscologia, Etruschi, Etruscan and Greek jewellery, Etruscan religion influence on Rome, and Etruria and Ancient Italy
Reviews: Journal of Roman Archaeology 24 (2011) 512–15 [D. Ridgway]; Scholia 20.4 (2011) [R. Roth]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 114.3 (2010) [S. Stoddart]; Antiquity 84:324 (2010) 565–67 [T. Rasmussen]; Bulletin Antieke... more
Reviews:
Journal of Roman Archaeology 24 (2011) 512–15 [D. Ridgway]; Scholia 20.4 (2011) [R. Roth]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 114.3 (2010) [S. Stoddart]; Antiquity 84:324 (2010) 565–67 [T. Rasmussen]; Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 85 (2010) 212–13 [B. van der Meer]; Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.02.32 [C. Smith]; Classical Review 60.2 (2010) 572–74 [L. Pieraccini].
Table of Contents
1. Between Crustumerium and Eretum: Observations on the First Iron Age Phases and the Finds from the Archaic Period / Paolo Togninelli
2. Civitalba and Roman Programs of Commemoration and Unification / Peter J. Holliday
3. Etruscan Cults in Roman Times: The Strange Ruins of Chianciano Terme / David Soren and Erin Nell
4. The Gods in the Circus / Carin Green
5. Far from Etruria: Etruscan Fakes in Japan / Stephan Steingräber
6. "Etruscan" Gold from Cerverteri (and Elsewhere) in the University of Pennsylvania Museum / Jean MacIntosh Turfa
7. From Crustumerium: A Proposal against Looting. Loans in Exchange for Resources for Preservation / Francesco di Gennaro
8. How Did Painters Create Near-Exact Copies? Notes on Four Center Paintings from Pompeii / John R. Clarke
9. Is Linear Perspective Necessary? / Jocelyn Penny Small
10. Some Thoughts on the Baubo Gesture in Classical Art / Larissa Bonfante
11. One More Etruscan Couple at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston / Marjatta Nielsen
12. Dueling Warriors on Two Etruscan Bronze Mirrors from the Fifth Century B.C.E. / Alexandra A. Carpino
13. The Blood of Animals: Predation and Transformation in Etruscan Funerary Representation / P. Gregory Warden
14. The Deified Deceased in Etruscan Culture / Giovannangelo Camporeale
15. On the Origin of the Vanth: Death Harbingers and Banshees in the Etruscan and Celtic Worlds / Anthony Tuck
16. Guests, Hosts, and Politics at Herculaneum / Carol C. Mattusch
17. The Lost Iter Hetruscum of Athanasius Kircher (1665-78) / Ingrid Rowland
18. Ingrid Edlund-Berry, Larthi, Turms, and Vel: Real Etruscans in Modern Fiction"
Journal of Roman Archaeology 24 (2011) 512–15 [D. Ridgway]; Scholia 20.4 (2011) [R. Roth]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 114.3 (2010) [S. Stoddart]; Antiquity 84:324 (2010) 565–67 [T. Rasmussen]; Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 85 (2010) 212–13 [B. van der Meer]; Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.02.32 [C. Smith]; Classical Review 60.2 (2010) 572–74 [L. Pieraccini].
Table of Contents
1. Between Crustumerium and Eretum: Observations on the First Iron Age Phases and the Finds from the Archaic Period / Paolo Togninelli
2. Civitalba and Roman Programs of Commemoration and Unification / Peter J. Holliday
3. Etruscan Cults in Roman Times: The Strange Ruins of Chianciano Terme / David Soren and Erin Nell
4. The Gods in the Circus / Carin Green
5. Far from Etruria: Etruscan Fakes in Japan / Stephan Steingräber
6. "Etruscan" Gold from Cerverteri (and Elsewhere) in the University of Pennsylvania Museum / Jean MacIntosh Turfa
7. From Crustumerium: A Proposal against Looting. Loans in Exchange for Resources for Preservation / Francesco di Gennaro
8. How Did Painters Create Near-Exact Copies? Notes on Four Center Paintings from Pompeii / John R. Clarke
9. Is Linear Perspective Necessary? / Jocelyn Penny Small
10. Some Thoughts on the Baubo Gesture in Classical Art / Larissa Bonfante
11. One More Etruscan Couple at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston / Marjatta Nielsen
12. Dueling Warriors on Two Etruscan Bronze Mirrors from the Fifth Century B.C.E. / Alexandra A. Carpino
13. The Blood of Animals: Predation and Transformation in Etruscan Funerary Representation / P. Gregory Warden
14. The Deified Deceased in Etruscan Culture / Giovannangelo Camporeale
15. On the Origin of the Vanth: Death Harbingers and Banshees in the Etruscan and Celtic Worlds / Anthony Tuck
16. Guests, Hosts, and Politics at Herculaneum / Carol C. Mattusch
17. The Lost Iter Hetruscum of Athanasius Kircher (1665-78) / Ingrid Rowland
18. Ingrid Edlund-Berry, Larthi, Turms, and Vel: Real Etruscans in Modern Fiction"
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Roman History, Material Culture Studies, Classical Art, Etruscan, and 18 moreNachleben, Ancient Art, Etruscan Archaeology, Ancient Visual Culture (Archaeology), Ancient Greek and Roman Art, Material Culture, Etruscan Funerary Art, Greek, Etruscan and Roman Art and Archaeology, Etruscan studies, Roman Art, Etruscan mythology, Etruscan and Roman Italy, Etruscan language, culture and religion, Etruscan and pre-Roman archaeology, Etruscan gods and goddesses, Etruscan Iconography, Etruscan and Greek jewellery, and Roman Archaeology
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have... more
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have varied, consisting at different times of collections of articles, monographic studies, final excavation reports, and collections of conference papers.
Volume 40, bearing the calendar date of 1995, initiated a new phase in the life of series, which has subsequently appeared as an annual journal containing articles in the wide range of fields that have traditionally been important to the Academy. These include classical studies and archaeology, art history, and Italian cultural and historical studies from the Middle Ages to the present.
Volume 40, bearing the calendar date of 1995, initiated a new phase in the life of series, which has subsequently appeared as an annual journal containing articles in the wide range of fields that have traditionally been important to the Academy. These include classical studies and archaeology, art history, and Italian cultural and historical studies from the Middle Ages to the present.
Research Interests:
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have... more
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have varied, consisting at different times of collections of articles, monographic studies, final excavation reports, and collections of conference papers.
Volume 40, bearing the calendar date of 1995, initiated a new phase in the life of series, which has subsequently appeared as an annual journal containing articles in the wide range of fields that have traditionally been important to the Academy. These include classical studies and archaeology, art history, and Italian cultural and historical studies from the Middle Ages to the present.
Volume 40, bearing the calendar date of 1995, initiated a new phase in the life of series, which has subsequently appeared as an annual journal containing articles in the wide range of fields that have traditionally been important to the Academy. These include classical studies and archaeology, art history, and Italian cultural and historical studies from the Middle Ages to the present.
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Roman History, Medieval History, Italian Studies, Medieval Studies, and 15 moreRenaissance Studies, Medieval Archaeology, Italian Cultural Studies, Italian Literature, Italian Renaissance Art, Renaissance literature, Medieval Italian Literature, Medieval Italy, Medieval Art, Letteratura italiana moderna e contemporanea, Roman Architecture, Roman Art, Renaissance Italy, Classical Antiquity, and Classical Studies
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Because of their highly public personas but lowly origins and status, Roman charioteers were frequently the subject of bitter invective from elite authors. These authors’ outrage was magnified by many charioteers’... more
Because of their highly public personas but lowly origins and status, Roman charioteers were frequently the subject of bitter invective from elite authors. These authors’ outrage was magnified by many charioteers’ status as mere slaves. Be-cause of their profession as public performers and the social infamy connected to the public competition for money, charioteers’ legal status has also been the subject of much scholarly discussion. According to Horsmann, the only exception to the stigma of infamia for public performers applied to Greek athletes (Die Wagenlenker der römischen Kaiserzeit [Stuttgart 1998] esp. 46f., 55f.).
However, Wacke and Gamauf have recently concluded on the basis of numerous passages in the Digest that participation in the races was virtutis causa and thus that charioteers were not subject to any legal restrictions (R. Gamauf, “Pro virtute certamen: Zur Bedeutung des Sports und von Wettkämpfen im klassischen römischen Recht,” in K. Harter-Uibopuu and T. Kruse (eds.), Sport und Recht in der Antike [Vienna 2014] 275–308). Wacke and Gamauf’s conclusions mark a significant reversal of the longstanding communis opinio, and open the door to analyzing a corpus of evidence related to charioteers that has largely been overlooked: portrait dedications. Literary and epigraphic sources indicate that a significant number of honorific portraits were erected by and for charioteers during the Roman imperial period, some of which were commissioned in expensive materials and sat in highly visible public spaces. Unfortunately, these portraits have largely been studied piecemeal and thus have yet to be integrated into the larger artistic and social histories of the Roman empire.
This paper presents the conclusions of the first comprehensive catalogue and analysis of the extant corpus of monuments, including portrait heads, busts, and statuary. It also includes comparison with images in other media (graffiti, grave altars, and sarcophagi) and draws upon the literary and epigraphic sources to offer the fullest reconstruction possible. As we argue, the study of these works as a collective not only yields new insights into their source materials, fine craftsmanship, and public contexts of display, but also informs our understanding of the social and legal status of their dedicants, who occupied positions at once of social glory and disrepute. Only by turning to charioteers’ own monuments, together with our new understanding of their legal status, can we reconstruct some measure of their lived reality as historical actors as well as their self-understanding as a group.
However, Wacke and Gamauf have recently concluded on the basis of numerous passages in the Digest that participation in the races was virtutis causa and thus that charioteers were not subject to any legal restrictions (R. Gamauf, “Pro virtute certamen: Zur Bedeutung des Sports und von Wettkämpfen im klassischen römischen Recht,” in K. Harter-Uibopuu and T. Kruse (eds.), Sport und Recht in der Antike [Vienna 2014] 275–308). Wacke and Gamauf’s conclusions mark a significant reversal of the longstanding communis opinio, and open the door to analyzing a corpus of evidence related to charioteers that has largely been overlooked: portrait dedications. Literary and epigraphic sources indicate that a significant number of honorific portraits were erected by and for charioteers during the Roman imperial period, some of which were commissioned in expensive materials and sat in highly visible public spaces. Unfortunately, these portraits have largely been studied piecemeal and thus have yet to be integrated into the larger artistic and social histories of the Roman empire.
This paper presents the conclusions of the first comprehensive catalogue and analysis of the extant corpus of monuments, including portrait heads, busts, and statuary. It also includes comparison with images in other media (graffiti, grave altars, and sarcophagi) and draws upon the literary and epigraphic sources to offer the fullest reconstruction possible. As we argue, the study of these works as a collective not only yields new insights into their source materials, fine craftsmanship, and public contexts of display, but also informs our understanding of the social and legal status of their dedicants, who occupied positions at once of social glory and disrepute. Only by turning to charioteers’ own monuments, together with our new understanding of their legal status, can we reconstruct some measure of their lived reality as historical actors as well as their self-understanding as a group.
Research Interests: Sociology of Sport, Roman History, Ancient Sports/Athletics, Roman social history, Roman Empire, and 11 moreAncient Art, Ancient Visual Culture (Archaeology), Roman Circuses, Sport, Roman social and economic history, The sociology of ancient spectacle, Roman games, Roman Art, Ancient Sport History, Roman Circus, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This article focuses on a fragmentary standing statue of a male figure now preserved in the archaeological museum at Sousse, where it is exhibited as a »Dioscurus«. Through comparison with images in numerous media, the marble fragment is... more
This article focuses on a fragmentary standing statue of a male figure now preserved in the archaeological museum at Sousse, where it is exhibited as a »Dioscurus«. Through comparison with images in numerous media, the marble fragment is securely identified on new grounds as having belonged to the statue of a Roman charioteer, a genre that is rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The article concentrates on the preserved imagery (the right leg, prize crown, and horse protome), which it analyzes in comparison with a range of visual, literary, and epigraphic evidence. In addition, it adds a largely overlooked detail (leg protectors) to our knowledge of the charioteer's costume. The article also speculates about the statue's viewership and significance within its wider social-cultural setting: the horse-racing culture of Roman North Africa.
Research Interests:
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome,... more
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome, and circuses around the empire; the organization of the races, including the role of the factions; the symbolic representations of victories and athletic victors, as well as the charioteers’ actual prizes; and the horses that were bred for racing. Throughout I also briefly discuss the sport’s spectators and fans, for whom the sport was a socially binding religion.
The essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).
The essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).
Research Interests:
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern... more
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.
Research Interests:
This article examines a marble bust of a charioteer now in Budapest as well as one in Rome and reconstructs the previously overlooked genre to which they belong. First, it discusses the formal qualities of the two busts, including their... more
This article examines a marble bust of a charioteer now in Budapest as well as one in Rome and reconstructs the previously overlooked genre to which they belong. First, it discusses the formal qualities of the two busts, including their materials, manufacture, and craftsmanship, and compares their imagery to representations of charioteers in bust form across visual media (i.e., graffiti, ivory figurines, lead weights, terracotta lamps, and freestanding sculptures). It then considers their social patronage and function, and seeks to reimagine the responses of their viewers—especially amongst the lower social orders, who were charioteers’ most passionate and partisan followers. In this way, the article aims to provide new insights into their graded hierarchies of material, form, style, and display—hierarchies which take on their full import when set within the wider context of the Roman economy of civic honors, sacred dedications, and funerary memorials.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: History of Slavery, Nachleben, Roman social history, Ancient Greek and Roman Art, Roman games, and 6 moreRoman Sculpture, Roman law, ancient legal history, ancient history, documentary papyri, Latin legal documents, Roman Art, History of slavery in the Mediterrenean, Roman Circus, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Renaissance Art, Italian Renaissance Art, Ancient Sports/Athletics, Nachleben, The discovery of Antiquity in Early Renaissance Art, and 11 moreAncient Greek and Roman Art, Roman Circuses, Reception of Antiquity, Roman games, Tumuli, Roman Art, Monuments, Roman Funerary Art, Roman Circus, Roman Portraiture, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Renaissance Art, Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology), Italian Renaissance Art, Nachleben, and 16 moreThe discovery of Antiquity in Early Renaissance Art, Renaissance Rome, Roman Iconography, Roman Circuses, Reception of Antiquity, History of Archaeology, Roman Art, Monuments, Roman Funerary Art, Codex, Roman Spectacle and Entertainment, Raphael, Roman Circus, Roman Portraiture, Roman Archaeology, and The Reception of Classical Antiquity
Research Interests: Archaeology, Renaissance Art, Italian Renaissance Art, Nachleben, The discovery of Antiquity in Early Renaissance Art, and 10 moreRoman Iconography, Reception of Antiquity, History of Archaeology, Tumuli, Roman Art, Monuments, Roman Funerary Art, Roman Circus, Roman Portraiture, and Roman Archaeology
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly... more
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly fragmentary sources whose contents have been fundamentally shaped by the forces of domination. Even though freed persons were defined through a common legal status and shared the experience of enslavement and manumission, many different interactions could derive from these commonalities in different periods and localities across the empire. Drawing on literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence, this book provides cases studies that test the various ways in which juridical categories and normative discourses shaped the social and cultural landscape in which freed people lived. By approaching the literary and epigraphic representations of freed persons in new ways, it nuances the impact of power asymmetries and social strategies on the cultural practices and lived experiences of freed persons.
Research Interests:
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women,... more
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women, and children. But did all layers of Roman society have easy access to the spectator stands? Did they experience these entertainments under the same conditions? Did they respond to them with the same emotions and sensations? To what extent did the composition of the provincial public differ from those of Rome? These are the central questions raised by the authors of this book who answer them by drawing upon all the available sources of evidence: graffiti, inscriptions, literature, iconography, and archaeological finds. Each contribution investigates different categories of the public and produces a finer and more nuanced understanding of Roman spectators and their diverse reception of the performances in Antiquity.
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Research Interests: Roman History, Vitruvius, Nachleben, Roman Architecture, Vitruvio, and 5 moreÉditions et traductions du Vitruve De Architectura Libri Decem: numérisation de l’ensemble des éditions et traductions (y compris manuscrites) et étude des commentaires et propositions relatives à l’ordre dorique, Vitruvius Renaissance, Roman Archaeology, Vitruvius Theory, and Vitrúvio
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The representation of foreign cultures with manifest "racial" differences, such as unfamiliar physical traits or strange-seeming ethnic customs, has been a longstanding and often visceral site for human artistic expression. The visual and... more
The representation of foreign cultures with manifest "racial" differences, such as unfamiliar physical traits or strange-seeming ethnic customs, has been a longstanding and often visceral site for human artistic expression. The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of such cultural encounters which render visible complex formulations of foreignness, social hierarchies, and power-in short, of who was in and who was out. The present chapter focuses on how Roman artists represented Southern (i.e., sub-Saharan) Africans in different visual media, and explores issues related to the social functions, patronage, and viewership of these works. In particular, the chapter discusses the identificatory markers and formalized conventions of their imagery, examines the two critical axioms of their study, and presents a case study of their representation through the medium of portraiture.
Research Interests: Roman History, Race and Racism, Race and Ethnicity, Representation of Others, History of Race and Ethnicity, and 8 moreOtherness, Roman Sculpture, Roman Art, Race and Representation in European Art, Gaze and Representation, Roman Slavery, Roman Archaeology, and Stereotypes and the conception of the otherness
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern... more
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.
Research Interests: Roman History, Late Antique and Byzantine History, Ottoman History, Horse culture, Byzantine History, and 15 moreAncient Greek History, Roman Circuses, Native American (History), Horse Riding, Stuart England, New Spain, Horses, Roman Spectacle and Entertainment, Horse, Horse racing, History of Horse Riding, Chariot Racing, Ancient Greek Sport, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, and Ancient Roman Sport
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome,... more
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome, and circuses around the empire; the organization of the races, including the role of the factions; the symbolic representations of victories and athletic victors, as well as the charioteers’ actual prizes; and the horses that were bred for racing. Throughout I also briefly discuss the sport’s spectators and fans, for whom the sport was a socially binding religion.
The essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).
The essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).
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Book summary: "L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins,... more
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"L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins, l’engouement suscité par ces spectacles à Rome, comme dans les provinces de l’Empire, est confirmé non seulement par les ruines de cirques antiques encore visibles de nos jours à Rome, et ailleurs en Europe ou en Afrique du Nord, mais aussi par un grand nombre de représentations de cochers et de chevaux sur des mosaïques, des fresques ou encore des objets dits du quotidien (manches de couteaux, lampes à huile, coupes en verre…) conservés dans plusieurs musées à travers le monde.
Après une présentation des sources dont nous disposons sur les spectateurs des cirques romains et des difficultés d’interprétation qu’elles posent, cet ouvrage propose dans un second temps une analyse du comportement des foules dans les cirques durant les jeux, principalement à Rome, en s’appuyant aussi sur des recherches récentes concernant les réactions des supporteurs dans les stades de football de nos jours. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette étude est consacrée aux relations entretenues par les empereurs romains avec les jeux du cirque et leurs spectateurs. Elle met en évidence les nombreux intérêts, mais aussi parfois les inconvénients, que présentaient ces divertissements de masse pour le pouvoir politique dans la Rome impériale."
"L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins, l’engouement suscité par ces spectacles à Rome, comme dans les provinces de l’Empire, est confirmé non seulement par les ruines de cirques antiques encore visibles de nos jours à Rome, et ailleurs en Europe ou en Afrique du Nord, mais aussi par un grand nombre de représentations de cochers et de chevaux sur des mosaïques, des fresques ou encore des objets dits du quotidien (manches de couteaux, lampes à huile, coupes en verre…) conservés dans plusieurs musées à travers le monde.
Après une présentation des sources dont nous disposons sur les spectateurs des cirques romains et des difficultés d’interprétation qu’elles posent, cet ouvrage propose dans un second temps une analyse du comportement des foules dans les cirques durant les jeux, principalement à Rome, en s’appuyant aussi sur des recherches récentes concernant les réactions des supporteurs dans les stades de football de nos jours. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette étude est consacrée aux relations entretenues par les empereurs romains avec les jeux du cirque et leurs spectateurs. Elle met en évidence les nombreux intérêts, mais aussi parfois les inconvénients, que présentaient ces divertissements de masse pour le pouvoir politique dans la Rome impériale."
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Research Interests: Sociology of Sport, Sport Psychology, Sociology of Children and Childhood, Roman Law, Sports History, and 16 moreAnthropology of Children and Childhood, Archaeology of Childhood, Ancient Sports/Athletics, Sociology of Childhood, Ancient Greece (History), Children, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greek Cultural & Social History, Roman law, ancient legal history, ancient history, documentary papyri, Latin legal documents, Ancient Sport and Festivals, Psychology of Sports, Ancient Legal History, Children in the Ancient World, Children In Antiquity, Sociology of Childhood and Youth, and Documentary Papyri
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Research Interests: Horse culture, Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology), Ancient Sports/Athletics, Roman social history, Roman Empire, and 11 moreRoman Circuses, Roman social and economic history, The sociology of ancient spectacle, Roman games, Horse Riding, Horses, Athletics in the Ancient World, History of Horse Riding, Ancient Sport History, Roman Circus, and Archaeology of Horse and Riders
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Research Interests: Sociology, Latin Literature, Self and Identity, Social Identity, Identity (Culture), and 15 moreSociology of Identity, Cultural Identity, Latin Language and Literature, Roman social history, Roman Empire, Ancient Art, Ancient Visual Culture (Archaeology), Ancient Greek and Roman Art, Tumuli, Roman Art, Greek and Roman Portraiture, Monuments, Roman Funerary Art, Roman Portraiture, and Roman Archaeology
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Bell, Sinclair W.. "Reading Roman Emotions. Visual and Textual Interpretations" Etruscan and Italic Studies, vol. , 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/etst-2022-0016
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OMNIPOTENS. MANUFACTURING AND EMPOWERING GODS IN GRECO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY.
2. The Power of Otherness / From Human to Divine Power
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Campus Puerta de Toledo - Congress Hall (0.B.06)
29-31 May 2024
2. The Power of Otherness / From Human to Divine Power
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Campus Puerta de Toledo - Congress Hall (0.B.06)
29-31 May 2024
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The Chroma symposium will take place on Friday, March 24 and Saturday, March 25, 2023, in The Met's Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium with presentations from a multi-disciplinary and international group of scholars, including art historians,... more
The Chroma symposium will take place on Friday, March 24 and Saturday, March 25, 2023, in The Met's Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium with presentations from a multi-disciplinary and international group of scholars, including art historians, conservators, curators, imaging specialists, and scientists.
The symposium sessions generally follow the overarching themes of the exhibition Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color (July 5, 2022-March 26, 2023), which was co-curated by Seán Hemingway, John A. and Carole O. Moran Curator in Charge, and Associate Curator Sarah Lepinski in the Department of Greek and Roman Art at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and
Vinzenz Brinkmann, Head of the Department of Antiquity at the Liebieghaus
Skulpturensammlung Vinzenz Brinkmann will deliver the keynote address.
Session topics include new analytical and scholarly approaches for identifying and interpreting color on ancient sculpture; color, medium,
and materiality in ancient and early modern sculptural traditions; the roles of reproductions of original works of art in expanding understanding of ancient polychromy; and the reception of ancient polychromy in modern and contemporary sculpture and architecture.
The symposium sessions generally follow the overarching themes of the exhibition Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color (July 5, 2022-March 26, 2023), which was co-curated by Seán Hemingway, John A. and Carole O. Moran Curator in Charge, and Associate Curator Sarah Lepinski in the Department of Greek and Roman Art at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and
Vinzenz Brinkmann, Head of the Department of Antiquity at the Liebieghaus
Skulpturensammlung Vinzenz Brinkmann will deliver the keynote address.
Session topics include new analytical and scholarly approaches for identifying and interpreting color on ancient sculpture; color, medium,
and materiality in ancient and early modern sculptural traditions; the roles of reproductions of original works of art in expanding understanding of ancient polychromy; and the reception of ancient polychromy in modern and contemporary sculpture and architecture.
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https://events.rice.edu/art-history/event/345433-hart-public-lecture-dr-sinclair-bell The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These... more
https://events.rice.edu/art-history/event/345433-hart-public-lecture-dr-sinclair-bell
The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These images render visible complex formulations of ethnicity, social hierarchies, and power. This lecture surveys the ways in which imperial artists represented the peoples whom the Romans referred to as Aethiopians or Nubians (i.e., “Black” Africans) in a variety of visual media. The lecture also considers how and why these works have been (mis)interpreted or sometimes altogether ignored by ancient art historians, and proposes new ways of integrating them into future, critical histories of Roman art.
The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These images render visible complex formulations of ethnicity, social hierarchies, and power. This lecture surveys the ways in which imperial artists represented the peoples whom the Romans referred to as Aethiopians or Nubians (i.e., “Black” Africans) in a variety of visual media. The lecture also considers how and why these works have been (mis)interpreted or sometimes altogether ignored by ancient art historians, and proposes new ways of integrating them into future, critical histories of Roman art.
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https://www.rome.uga.edu/news/stories/2023/lecture-sinclair-bell-northern-illinois-university The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples.... more
https://www.rome.uga.edu/news/stories/2023/lecture-sinclair-bell-northern-illinois-university
The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These images render visible complex formulations of ethnicity, social hierarchies, and power.
This lecture surveys the ways in which imperial artists represented the peoples whom the Romans referred to as Aethiopians or Nubians (i.e., “Black” Africans) in a variety of visual media. The lecture also considers how and why these works have been (mis)interpreted or sometimes altogether ignored by ancient art historians, and proposes new ways of integrating them into future, critical histories of Roman art.
The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These images render visible complex formulations of ethnicity, social hierarchies, and power.
This lecture surveys the ways in which imperial artists represented the peoples whom the Romans referred to as Aethiopians or Nubians (i.e., “Black” Africans) in a variety of visual media. The lecture also considers how and why these works have been (mis)interpreted or sometimes altogether ignored by ancient art historians, and proposes new ways of integrating them into future, critical histories of Roman art.
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In 90 A.D., ancient Rome played host to a sporting spectacle that attracted crowds three times the size of the Colosseum?s gladiator games: chariot racing. Every week, 150,000 fans packed the massive Circus Maximus, not just to cheer on... more
In 90 A.D., ancient Rome played host to a sporting spectacle that attracted crowds three times the size of the Colosseum?s gladiator games: chariot racing. Every week, 150,000 fans packed the massive Circus Maximus, not just to cheer on the speed, fury, and danger of the races, but to witness the champion charioteer, Flavius Scorpus. Examine his improbable rise from young slave to arguably the most successful competitor in the sport's history.