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Sinclair W Bell
  • School of Art + Design
    Northern Illinois University
    1425 W. Lincoln Hwy.
    DeKalb, IL 60115-2825

Sinclair W Bell

Research Interests:
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly... more
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly fragmentary sources whose contents have been fundamentally shaped by the forces of domination. Even though freed persons were defined through a common legal status and shared the experience of enslavement and manumission, many different interactions could derive from these commonalities in different periods and localities across the empire. Drawing on literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence, this book provides cases studies that test the various ways in which juridical categories and normative discourses shaped the social and cultural landscape in which freed people lived. By approaching the literary and epigraphic representations of freed persons in new ways, it nuances the impact of power asymmetries and social strategies on the cultural practices and lived experiences of freed persons.
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women,... more
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women, and children. But did all layers of Roman society have easy access to the spectator stands? Did they experience these entertainments under the same conditions? Did they respond to them with the same emotions and sensations? To what extent did the composition of the provincial public differ from those of Rome? These are the central questions raised by the authors of this book who answer them by drawing upon all the available sources of evidence: graffiti, inscriptions, literature, iconography, and archaeological finds. Each contribution investigates different categories of the public and produces a finer and more nuanced understanding of Roman spectators and their diverse reception of the performances in Antiquity.
This book surveys the practice of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, and in this way offers a selective global history. Unlike previous histories of horse racing, which generally make claims about the exclusiveness of... more
This book surveys the practice of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, and in this way offers a selective global history.

Unlike previous histories of horse racing, which generally make claims about the exclusiveness of modern sport and therefore diminish the importance of premodern physical contests, the contributors to this book approach racing as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed. In order to compare horse racing cultures from completely different epochs and regions, the authors respond to a series of core issues which serve as structural comparative parameters. These key issues include the spatial and architectural framework of races; their organization; victory prizes; symbolic representations of victories and victors; and the social range and identities of the participants. The evidence of these competitions is interpreted in its distinct historical contexts and with regard to specific cultural conditions that shaped the respective relationship between owners, riders, and horses on the global racetracks of pre-modernity and modernity.

Reviews: Anthrozoös (J. Houston); Humanimalia 31.2 (C. Willekes).
Review: Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2021.01.04 (S. Giombini).
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern... more
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.
Review: Etruscan and Italic Studies 23.1–2 (2020) 196–98 [S. Sabnis].
Reviews: Journal of Roman Archaeology 31.2 (2018) 563–567 [N. De Grummond]; Etruscan Studies 20.1 (2017) 100–107 [I. Edlund-Berry]; Opuscula Romana 10 (2017) 190–91 [F. Tobin]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 122.3 (2018) [L.... more
Reviews:
Journal of Roman Archaeology 31.2 (2018) 563–567 [N. De Grummond]; Etruscan Studies 20.1 (2017) 100–107 [I. Edlund-Berry]; Opuscula Romana 10 (2017) 190–91 [F. Tobin]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 122.3 (2018) [L. Taylor]; Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2018.04.41 [V. Riedemann Lorca].
Reviews: Hermathena 191 (2011 [2014]) 130–33 [U. Roth]; European Review of History 21.1 (2014) 114–16 [T. Sandon]; Sehepunkte 14.2 (2014) [A. Lepke]; Greece & Rome 60.1 (2013) 175 [B. Levick]; Journal of Roman Archaeology 26 (2013)... more
Reviews:
Hermathena 191 (2011 [2014]) 130–33 [U. Roth]; European Review of History 21.1 (2014) 114–16 [T. Sandon]; Sehepunkte 14.2 (2014) [A. Lepke]; Greece & Rome 60.1 (2013) 175 [B. Levick]; Journal of Roman Archaeology 26 (2013) 662–72 [M. Laird]; Journal of Roman Studies 103 (2013) 287 [T. Urbainczyk]; Revista de história 168 (2013) 452–57 [F.D. Joly]; Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2012.10.43 [J.C. Dumont]; Classical Journal 108 (2012/13) 239–46 [E. Meyer]; The Historian 76.3 (2014) 621–22 [J. Carlsen].
Reviews: Journal of Roman Archaeology 24 (2011) 512–15 [D. Ridgway]; Scholia 20.4 (2011) [R. Roth]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 114.3 (2010) [S. Stoddart]; Antiquity 84:324 (2010) 565–67 [T. Rasmussen]; Bulletin Antieke... more
Reviews:
Journal of Roman Archaeology 24 (2011) 512–15 [D. Ridgway]; Scholia 20.4 (2011) [R. Roth]; American Journal of Archaeology [online] 114.3 (2010) [S. Stoddart]; Antiquity 84:324 (2010) 565–67 [T. Rasmussen]; Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 85 (2010) 212–13 [B. van der Meer]; Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.02.32 [C. Smith]; Classical Review 60.2 (2010) 572–74 [L. Pieraccini].


Table of Contents

1. Between Crustumerium and Eretum: Observations on the First Iron Age Phases and the Finds from the Archaic Period / Paolo Togninelli

2. Civitalba and Roman Programs of Commemoration and Unification / Peter J. Holliday

3. Etruscan Cults in Roman Times: The Strange Ruins of Chianciano Terme / David Soren and Erin Nell

4. The Gods in the Circus / Carin Green

5. Far from Etruria: Etruscan Fakes in Japan / Stephan Steingräber

6. "Etruscan" Gold from Cerverteri (and Elsewhere) in the University of Pennsylvania Museum / Jean MacIntosh Turfa

7. From Crustumerium: A Proposal against Looting. Loans in Exchange for Resources for Preservation / Francesco di Gennaro

8. How Did Painters Create Near-Exact Copies? Notes on Four Center Paintings from Pompeii / John R. Clarke

9. Is Linear Perspective Necessary? / Jocelyn Penny Small

10. Some Thoughts on the Baubo Gesture in Classical Art / Larissa Bonfante

11. One More Etruscan Couple at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston / Marjatta Nielsen

12. Dueling Warriors on Two Etruscan Bronze Mirrors from the Fifth Century B.C.E. / Alexandra A. Carpino

13. The Blood of Animals: Predation and Transformation in Etruscan Funerary Representation / P. Gregory Warden

14. The Deified Deceased in Etruscan Culture / Giovannangelo Camporeale

15. On the Origin of the Vanth: Death Harbingers and Banshees in the Etruscan and Celtic Worlds / Anthony Tuck

16. Guests, Hosts, and Politics at Herculaneum / Carol C. Mattusch

17. The Lost Iter Hetruscum of Athanasius Kircher (1665-78) / Ingrid Rowland

18. Ingrid Edlund-Berry, Larthi, Turms, and Vel: Real Etruscans in Modern Fiction"
Notice: Chronicle of Higher Education Oct. 17, 2008. Reviews: Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2009.07.59 [J. Jacobs]; Journal of Roman Archaeology 23 (2010) 583–86 [S. Dillon]; Journal of Roman Studies 101 (2011) 255–57 [C. Damon];... more
Notice:
Chronicle of Higher Education Oct. 17, 2008.

Reviews:
Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2009.07.59 [J. Jacobs]; Journal of Roman Archaeology 23 (2010) 583–86 [S. Dillon]; Journal of Roman Studies 101 (2011) 255–57 [C. Damon]; Classical Review 63.1 (2013) 249–52 [J. Connolly].
Notice: Antiquity 78.302 (2004) 962. Reviews: 1. American Journal of Archaeology 112 (2008) 181–82 [Z. Papakonstantinou]; 2. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2008.04.20 [S. Evans]. Table of Contents: 1. Eleanor Loughlin,... more
Notice:
Antiquity 78.302 (2004) 962.

Reviews:
1. American Journal of Archaeology 112 (2008) 181–82 [Z. Papakonstantinou];

2. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2008.04.20 [S. Evans].


Table of Contents:

1. Eleanor Loughlin, 'Grasping the Bull by the Horns: Minoan Bull Sport' 1-8

2. Tyler Jo Smith, 'Festival? What Festival? Reading Dance Imagery as Evidence' 9-24

3. Gráinne McLaughlin, 'Professional Foul: Persona in Pindar' 25-32

4. Eleanor OKell, 'Orestes the Contender: Chariot Racing and Politics in Fifth Century Athens and Sophocles' "Electra"' 33-44

5. Arlene Allan, 'From Agonistes to Agonios: Hermes, Chaos and Conflict in Competitive Games and Festivals' 45-54

6. Greta Ham, 'Dionysiac Festivals in Aristophanes' "Acharnians"' 55-64

7. Nick Fisher, 'The Perils of Pittalakos: Settings of Cock Fighting and Dicing in Classical Athens' 65-78

8. Geoffrey Sumi, 'Civic Self-Representation in the Hellenistic World: The Festival of Artemis Leukophryene' 79-92

9. Clemence Schultze, 'Roman Games and Greek Origins in Dionysius of Halicarnassus' 93-106

10. Helen Lovatt, 'Epic Games and Real Games in Statius' "Thebaid" 6 and Virgil's "Aeneid" 5' 107-114

11. Francesca Garello, 'Sport or Showbiz? The "naumachiae" of Imperial Rome' 115-124

12. Ergün Lafli, 'Dionysiac Scenes on Sagalassian "Oinophoroi" from Seleuceia Sidera in Pisidia' 125-136

13. Julia Burman, 'Christianising the Celebrations of Death in Late Antiquity' 137-142

14. Elizabeth Tobey, 'The Sala dei Cavalli in Palazzo Te: Portraits of champions' 143-153.""
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have... more
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have varied, consisting at different times of collections of articles, monographic studies, final excavation reports, and collections of conference papers.

Volume 40, bearing the calendar date of 1995, initiated a new phase in the life of series, which has subsequently appeared as an annual journal containing articles in the wide range of fields that have traditionally been important to the Academy. These include classical studies and archaeology, art history, and Italian cultural and historical studies from the Middle Ages to the present.
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have... more
The Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome began publication in 1915, shortly after the union of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the American Academy in Rome. The contents of the first thirty-nine Quarto volumes have varied, consisting at different times of collections of articles, monographic studies, final excavation reports, and collections of conference papers.

Volume 40, bearing the calendar date of 1995, initiated a new phase in the life of series, which has subsequently appeared as an annual journal containing articles in the wide range of fields that have traditionally been important to the Academy. These include classical studies and archaeology, art history, and Italian cultural and historical studies from the Middle Ages to the present.
Because of their highly public personas but lowly origins and status, Roman charioteers were frequently the subject of bitter invective from elite authors. These authors’ outrage was magnified by many charioteers’... more
Because  of  their  highly  public  personas  but  lowly  origins  and  status,  Roman  charioteers were frequently the subject of bitter invective from elite authors. These authors’  outrage  was  magnified  by  many  charioteers’  status  as  mere  slaves.  Be-cause of their profession as public performers and the social infamy connected to the public competition for money, charioteers’ legal status has also been the subject of much scholarly discussion. According to Horsmann, the only exception to the stigma of infamia for public performers applied to Greek athletes (Die Wagenlenker der römischen Kaiserzeit [Stuttgart 1998] esp. 46f., 55f.).
However, Wacke and Gamauf have recently concluded on the basis of numerous passages in the Digest that participation in the races was virtutis causa and thus that charioteers were not subject to any legal restrictions (R. Gamauf, “Pro virtute certamen: Zur Bedeutung des Sports und von Wettkämpfen im klassischen römischen Recht,” in K. Harter-Uibopuu and T. Kruse (eds.), Sport und Recht in der Antike [Vienna 2014] 275–308). Wacke and Gamauf’s conclusions mark a significant reversal of the longstanding communis opinio, and open the door to analyzing a corpus of evidence related to charioteers that has largely been overlooked: portrait dedications. Literary and epigraphic sources indicate that a significant number of honorific portraits were erected by and for charioteers during the Roman imperial period, some of which were commissioned in expensive materials and sat in highly visible public spaces. Unfortunately, these portraits have largely been studied piecemeal and  thus  have  yet  to  be  integrated  into  the  larger  artistic  and  social  histories  of  the  Roman  empire. 
This  paper  presents  the  conclusions  of  the  first  comprehensive catalogue and analysis of the extant corpus of monuments, including portrait heads, busts, and statuary. It also includes comparison with images in other media (graffiti, grave altars, and sarcophagi) and draws upon the literary and epigraphic sources to offer the fullest reconstruction possible. As we argue, the study of these works as a collective not only yields new insights into their source materials, fine craftsmanship, and public contexts of display, but also  informs  our  understanding  of  the  social  and  legal  status  of  their  dedicants,  who occupied positions at once of social glory and disrepute. Only by turning to charioteers’ own monuments, together with our new understanding of their legal status, can we reconstruct some measure of their lived reality as historical actors as well as their self-understanding as a group.
From the Olympian Games to the modern film Ben-Hur , horse- and chariot-races have proven a potent and enduring symbol of the agonistic culture of Classical Antiquity. Similarities did exist between Greek, Etruscan, and Roman cultures:... more
From the Olympian Games to the modern film Ben-Hur , horse- and chariot-races have proven a potent and enduring symbol of the agonistic culture of Classical Antiquity. Similarities did exist between Greek, Etruscan, and Roman cultures: equestrianism of all forms, due to the expense involved, had aristocratic overtones. But in contrast to the Greeks’ equal passion for mounted horse races and chariot racing, Romans strongly favored the latter, which they developed under the primary influence of the Etruscans and expanded into an empire-wide, professionalized industry.
This article focuses on a fragmentary standing statue of a male figure now preserved in the archaeological museum at Sousse, where it is exhibited as a »Dioscurus«. Through comparison with images in numerous media, the marble fragment is... more
This article focuses on a fragmentary standing statue of a male figure now preserved in the archaeological museum at Sousse, where it is exhibited as a »Dioscurus«. Through comparison with images in numerous media, the marble fragment is securely identified on new grounds as having belonged to the statue of a Roman charioteer, a genre that is rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The article concentrates on the preserved imagery (the right leg, prize crown, and horse protome), which it analyzes in comparison with a range of visual, literary, and epigraphic evidence. In addition, it adds a largely overlooked detail (leg protectors) to our knowledge of the charioteer's costume. The article also speculates about the statue's viewership and significance within its wider social-cultural setting: the horse-racing culture of Roman North Africa.
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome,... more
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome, and circuses around the empire; the organization of the races, including the role of the factions; the symbolic representations of victories and athletic victors, as well as the charioteers’ actual prizes; and the horses that were bred for racing. Throughout I also briefly discuss the sport’s spectators and fans, for whom the sport was a socially binding religion.
The essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern... more
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.
This article examines a marble bust of a charioteer now in Budapest as well as one in Rome and reconstructs the previously overlooked genre to which they belong. First, it discusses the formal qualities of the two busts, including their... more
This article examines a marble bust of a charioteer now in Budapest as well as one in Rome and reconstructs the previously overlooked genre to which they belong. First, it discusses the formal qualities of the two busts, including their materials, manufacture, and craftsmanship, and compares their imagery to representations of charioteers in bust form across visual media (i.e., graffiti, ivory figurines, lead weights, terracotta lamps, and freestanding sculptures). It then considers their social patronage and function, and seeks to reimagine the responses of their viewers—especially amongst the lower social orders, who were charioteers’ most passionate and partisan followers. In this way, the article aims to provide new insights into their graded hierarchies of material, form, style, and display—hierarchies which take on their full import when set within the wider context of the Roman economy of civic honors, sacred dedications, and funerary memorials.
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly... more
How were freed people represented in the Roman world? This volume presents new research about the integration of freed persons into Roman society. It addresses the challenge of studying Roman freed persons on the basis of highly fragmentary sources whose contents have been fundamentally shaped by the forces of domination. Even though freed persons were defined through a common legal status and shared the experience of enslavement and manumission, many different interactions could derive from these commonalities in different periods and localities across the empire. Drawing on literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence, this book provides cases studies that test the various ways in which juridical categories and normative discourses shaped the social and cultural landscape in which freed people lived. By approaching the literary and epigraphic representations of freed persons in new ways, it nuances the impact of power asymmetries and social strategies on the cultural practices and lived experiences of freed persons.
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women,... more
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women, and children. But did all layers of Roman society have easy access to the spectator stands? Did they experience these entertainments under the same conditions? Did they respond to them with the same emotions and sensations? To what extent did the composition of the provincial public differ from those of Rome? These are the central questions raised by the authors of this book who answer them by drawing upon all the available sources of evidence: graffiti, inscriptions, literature, iconography, and archaeological finds. Each contribution investigates different categories of the public and produces a finer and more nuanced understanding of Roman spectators and their diverse reception of the performances in Antiquity.
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women,... more
Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women, and children. But did all layers of Roman society have easy access to the spectator stands? Did they experience these entertainments under the same conditions? Did they respond to them with the same emotions and sensations? To what extent did the composition of the provincial public differ from those of Rome? These are the central questions raised by the authors of this book who answer them by drawing upon all the available sources of evidence: graffiti, inscriptions, literature, iconography, and archaeological finds. Each contribution investigates different categories of the public and produces a finer and more nuanced understanding of Roman spectators and their diverse reception of the performances in Antiquity.
The representation of foreign cultures with manifest "racial" differences, such as unfamiliar physical traits or strange-seeming ethnic customs, has been a longstanding and often visceral site for human artistic expression. The visual and... more
The representation of foreign cultures with manifest "racial" differences, such as unfamiliar physical traits or strange-seeming ethnic customs, has been a longstanding and often visceral site for human artistic expression. The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of such cultural encounters which render visible complex formulations of foreignness, social hierarchies, and power-in short, of who was in and who was out. The present chapter focuses on how Roman artists represented Southern (i.e., sub-Saharan) Africans in different visual media, and explores issues related to the social functions, patronage, and viewership of these works. In particular, the chapter discusses the identificatory markers and formalized conventions of their imagery, examines the two critical axioms of their study, and presents a case study of their representation through the medium of portraiture.
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern... more
By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome,... more
Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome, and circuses around the empire; the organization of the races, including the role of the factions; the symbolic representations of victories and athletic victors, as well as the charioteers’ actual prizes; and the horses that were bred for racing. Throughout I also briefly discuss the sport’s spectators and fans, for whom the sport was a socially binding religion.
The essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).
Book summary: "L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins,... more
Book summary:

"L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins, l’engouement suscité par ces spectacles à Rome, comme dans les provinces de l’Empire, est confirmé non seulement par les ruines de cirques antiques encore visibles de nos jours à Rome, et ailleurs en Europe ou en Afrique du Nord, mais aussi par un grand nombre de représentations de cochers et de chevaux sur des mosaïques, des fresques ou encore des objets dits du quotidien (manches de couteaux, lampes à huile, coupes en verre…) conservés dans plusieurs musées à travers le monde.

Après une présentation des sources dont nous disposons sur les spectateurs des cirques romains et des difficultés d’interprétation qu’elles posent, cet ouvrage propose dans un second temps une analyse du comportement des foules dans les cirques durant les jeux, principalement à Rome, en s’appuyant aussi sur des recherches récentes concernant les réactions des supporteurs dans les stades de football de nos jours. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette étude est consacrée aux relations entretenues par les empereurs romains avec les jeux du cirque et leurs spectateurs. Elle met en évidence les nombreux intérêts, mais aussi parfois les inconvénients, que présentaient ces divertissements de masse pour le pouvoir politique dans la Rome impériale."
Bell, Sinclair W.. "Reading Roman Emotions. Visual and Textual Interpretations" Etruscan and Italic Studies, vol. , 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/etst-2022-0016
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
OMNIPOTENS. MANUFACTURING AND EMPOWERING GODS IN GRECO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY.
2. The Power of Otherness / From Human to Divine Power
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Campus Puerta de Toledo - Congress Hall (0.B.06)
29-31 May 2024
The Chroma symposium will take place on Friday, March 24 and Saturday, March 25, 2023, in The Met's Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium with presentations from a multi-disciplinary and international group of scholars, including art historians,... more
The Chroma symposium will take place on Friday, March 24 and Saturday, March 25, 2023, in The Met's Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium with presentations from a multi-disciplinary and international group of scholars, including art historians, conservators, curators, imaging specialists, and scientists.

The symposium sessions generally follow the overarching themes of the exhibition Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color (July 5, 2022-March 26, 2023), which was co-curated by Seán Hemingway, John A. and Carole O. Moran Curator in Charge, and Associate Curator Sarah Lepinski in the Department of Greek and Roman Art at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and
Vinzenz Brinkmann, Head of the Department of Antiquity at the Liebieghaus
Skulpturensammlung Vinzenz Brinkmann will deliver the keynote address.
Session topics include new analytical and scholarly approaches for identifying and interpreting color on ancient sculpture; color, medium,
and materiality in ancient and early modern sculptural traditions; the roles of reproductions of original works of art in expanding understanding of ancient polychromy; and the reception of ancient polychromy in modern and contemporary sculpture and architecture.
https://events.rice.edu/art-history/event/345433-hart-public-lecture-dr-sinclair-bell The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These... more
https://events.rice.edu/art-history/event/345433-hart-public-lecture-dr-sinclair-bell

The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These images render visible complex formulations of ethnicity, social hierarchies, and power. This lecture surveys the ways in which imperial artists represented the peoples whom the Romans referred to as Aethiopians or Nubians (i.e., “Black” Africans) in a variety of visual media. The lecture also considers how and why these works have been (mis)interpreted or sometimes altogether ignored by ancient art historians, and proposes new ways of integrating them into future, critical histories of Roman art.
https://www.rome.uga.edu/news/stories/2023/lecture-sinclair-bell-northern-illinois-university The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples.... more
https://www.rome.uga.edu/news/stories/2023/lecture-sinclair-bell-northern-illinois-university

The visual and material culture of the Roman Empire provides an abundant record of encounters with or simply imaginings of foreign peoples. These images render visible complex formulations of ethnicity, social hierarchies, and power.

This lecture surveys the ways in which imperial artists represented the peoples whom the Romans referred to as Aethiopians or Nubians (i.e., “Black” Africans) in a variety of visual media. The lecture also considers how and why these works have been (mis)interpreted or sometimes altogether ignored by ancient art historians, and proposes new ways of integrating them into future, critical histories of Roman art.
Research Interests:
An international workshop to be held at the University of Edinburgh, December 6-8, 2017 and co-organized with Prof. Paul du Plessis, Edinburgh School of Law. The aim of the workshop is to assemble a team of international experts from... more
An international workshop to be held at the University of Edinburgh, December 6-8, 2017 and co-organized with Prof. Paul du Plessis, Edinburgh School of Law. The aim of the workshop is to assemble a team of international experts from different subject areas (law, history, archaeology) to re-evaluate the traditional narratives surrounding the origins of Roman law before the enactment of the Twelve Tables with a view to establishing whether, in light of recent developments in these fields, the earliest history of Roman law should be reconsidered.
Research Interests:
At the Crossroads of Greco-Roman History, Culture, and Religion brings together recent research from a range of upcoming and well-established scholars to demonstrate the richness of the cross-cultural exchange of ideas around the ancient... more
At the Crossroads of Greco-Roman History, Culture, and Religion brings together recent research from a range of upcoming and well-established scholars to demonstrate the richness of the cross-cultural exchange of ideas around the ancient Mediterranean along with the reception of and continuing dialogues with these ideas in the medieval and modern worlds. The crossroads theme both honors the memory of our late colleague and friend Carin M. C. Green, who published an important book on the cult of Diana—one of whose aspects was Trivia, the goddess of crossroads—and emphasizes how each encounter of new topic or genre forces the reader to pause and think before proceeding down the new path.
The contents are arranged accordingly under three headings: (1) Greek philosophy, history, and historiography; (2) Latin literature, history, and historiography; and (3) Greco-Roman material culture, religion, and literature. These papers also coincide in myriad ways across the three headings, tracing themes such as friendship, leadership, and the reception of ideas in the arenas of philosophy, historiography, manuscript studies, poetry, medicine, art, and war. Within this delimited framework, the volume’s diversity of topics and approaches to a range of genres in the Greco-Roman world is intended both to appeal to the general scholar with varied interests and to offer students a wide scope through which to consider those genres.
In 90 A.D., ancient Rome played host to a sporting spectacle that attracted crowds three times the size of the Colosseum?s gladiator games: chariot racing. Every week, 150,000 fans packed the massive Circus Maximus, not just to cheer on... more
In 90 A.D., ancient Rome played host to a sporting spectacle that attracted crowds three times the size of the Colosseum?s gladiator games: chariot racing. Every week, 150,000 fans packed the massive Circus Maximus, not just to cheer on the speed, fury, and danger of the races, but to witness the champion charioteer, Flavius Scorpus. Examine his improbable rise from young slave to arguably the most successful competitor in the sport's history.