Charles Darwin
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I Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809 - April 19, 1882) metung yang Ingles a naturalist. Pekataniag ya uling king kayang pamagmunikala king teoria ning ebolusion. Sasabian na nang teoriang iting ing paralan nung pamanaliwa reng organismu o mabibie ya pin ing pamamili ning kalikasan (natural selection) ning pekabage o pekaangkup (survival of the fittest) o pekamatagumpeng organismu kesa kareng aliwang e makanian kaangkup. Sinabi na mu namang mas bage la reng aliwa uling kareng karaniwan a pamanaliwang ibat kareng mutation (pamagbayu kareng gene). Uli mapaliaring mas magamitan la o mas makasaup deng aliwang pamagbayu, mas maragul ing pamikatagun o tsansang mie ya ing organismu, at apamana no reti kareng tutuking dai o henerasiun. Samantala, nung ing pamagbayu sangkan ne ning mas mababang pamikatagun a mie ya ing organismu, mas ditak ing tsansang mipamana ya, at malagua yang mawala iti.
Ing kayang librung mibulalag aniang 1859, ing On the Origin of Species (Tungkul king Penibatan da reng Species [o Uri]) ing mitikdo king ebolusion kapamilatan ning pamagmula king metung a pipumpunan anting manimunang pamagpalino ning siensia king pami-aliwa-liwa da reng mabibie king kalikasan. Siniasat na ing ebolusion ning tau ampo ing pamamiling sexual (sexual selection) king The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, (Ing Penibatan ning Tau, ampo ing Pamamiling maki Kaugnayan king Sex) at katuki na niti, ing The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (Ing Pamipasiag da reng Tau ampo reng Animal king Karelang Panamdaman). Mibulalag ing kayang pamanialiksik kareng tanaman king metung a serie da reng libru; keta namang kayang tauling libru, penigaralan no reng bulati king gabun (earthworm) ampo ing karelang epektu king gabun.[1]
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