- Historian. Professor at the Center of the History of the Material Culture at the Institute of the Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciencesedit
El estudio sobre el “trabajo en la Edad Media” es un objeto histórico de difícil análisis, ya que en la Europa medieval no había un término específico que designara el trabajo tal como lo concebimos en la actualidad; sin embargo, a lo... more
El estudio sobre el “trabajo en la Edad Media” es un objeto histórico de difícil análisis, ya que en la Europa medieval no había un término específico que designara el trabajo tal como lo concebimos en la actualidad; sin embargo, a lo largo del Medievo, tomó forma el concepto de trabajo. Durante la Edad Media, en las ciudades europeas se produjo un cambio de mentalidad respecto al trabajo, ya que pasó de ser considerado un castigo a fuente de productividad y de mejora de la calidad de vida. En las ciudades se produjo la gran especialización del trabajo para satisfacer las exigencias técnicas, el desarrollo de la industria, en especial la relacionada con los tejidos, así como una desarrollo organizativo sin parangón, que conllevaron cambios en los tiempos del trabajo, la movilidad de los trabajadores, las protestas laborales, las reivindicaciones salariales, las peticiones de representación política de los trabajadores, el desarrollo de las cofradías de oficio, y la mujer se incorporó al mundo laboral. Estos y otros temas en torno al trabajo en la ciudad medieval europea son objeto de estudio en la presente monografía.
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The book describes the functions of water in Polish towns from the late Middle Ages to the beginning of the Early-Modern Era against a wide European background. It presents the issue of water supply in the context of the town as a complex... more
The book describes the functions of water in Polish towns from the late Middle Ages to the beginning of the Early-Modern Era against a wide European background. It presents the issue of water supply in the context of the town as a complex social and economic organism, taking into account social relations, administration and power as well as living and working conditions. Describing water supply devices, the author reconstructs the ways in which the techniques were transferred to the Polish lands. She analyses municipal court books and documents concerning towns of various sizes in the Polish lands from the 14th to the 16th century, with particular emphasis on Kraków. In addition, she also considers archaeological and iconographical sources. Her findings provide a new insight into the alimentary and hygienic uses of water, its importance for production and crafts, and its use as a source of energy, transport and communication. This is the first broad comparative presentation of the subject in Polish and European literature.
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Neighbourhoods constitute a basic element of social and spatial town structure. Yet, only few studies in historical urban research attempt to define and contextualize them. In this paper, we describe the formation, existence and evolution... more
Neighbourhoods constitute a basic element of social and spatial town structure. Yet, only few studies in historical urban research attempt to define and contextualize them. In this paper, we describe the formation, existence and evolution of neighbourhoods in medieval chartered towns in Central Europe using archaeological, architectural and written sources. Specifically, we: 1) traced material elements of the built environment enabling face-to-face communication, 2) identified spaces fostering community building and 3) considered how to find neighbourhoods within the city matrix. We show that neighbourly relations mainly concerned infrastructure maintenance and that spatial development diminished inter-plot connectivity inducing shift of social interactions to streets. Thus, material markers of neighbourhoods can provide a distinct perspective for tracing social urban interactions.
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Lokacja Lublina na prawie niemieckim na tle przebudowy miast polskich w XIII-XIV wieku" : konferencja zorganizowana przez Zakład Historii Średniowiecznej Uniwersytetu im. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Władze Miejskie Lublina, Wojewódzki Oddział Państwowej Służby Ochrony Zabytków oraz Towarzystwo Miłośnikómore
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The analysis presented in this paper considers two kinds of relations: between the Wawel Royal Court and the municipal community, as well as between the Court and the prominent burghers of Kraków. The study consists of three parts. In the... more
The analysis presented in this paper considers two kinds of relations: between the Wawel Royal Court and the municipal community, as well as between the Court and the prominent burghers of Kraków. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, the author presents the importance of the Wawel Hill as the seat of the senior Prince of Poland, both for the Kraków pre town agglomeration and for the city founded in 1257 based upon the Magdeburg law. In the second part, while continuing the presentation of the attractiveness of Kraków for newcomers, the author portrays the supparii Gallici as the officials of the prince (after 1320, of the king) organizing, in a newly reunited Kingdom of Poland, the administration of the mining industry. The author keeps her focus on one of them, a Genoese merchant banker named Gotfrid Fattinante, who died before 11 July, 1393. The third part of the paper concerns the policies of the kings towards the Town of Kraków and its patricians. As regards the relations between the Court and the members of the Kraków elite, the author argues that during the entire period under study, the members of the Kraków elite entered the King’s entourage thanks to the high social and financial status which they already enjoyed. This status was the result of their professional activity, which was usually as merchants.
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On 26-27 November 2004 in Gdańsk a scientific session was held, organized by the History of Towns Commission of the Committee of Historical Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Institute of History of Gdańsk University and The... more
On 26-27 November 2004 in Gdańsk a scientific session was held, organized by the History of Towns Commission of the Committee of Historical Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Institute of History of Gdańsk University and The “Uphagen’s House” Society in Gdańsk. The conference concerned the problems signalled in the title above. The debate opened with Jerzy P i e k a l s k i ’s (Wrocław) paper, discussing the state of pollution of medieval and early modern towns of Central Europe. He described, among other things, the town-creative human activity and drew attention to the importance of the level of ground-waters for the removal of sewage. While analysing the results of archeological research he also characterized the role of 12th-14th-century pavements, public drains and latrines for the hygiene of the urban centres of that era. Piotr J a n c z e w s k i (Wrocław) chose a more narrow scope for the subject of his paper; taking the town of Wrocław as an example he showed t...
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The ways of providing water supply and managing it in towns can be at the same time an attempt to show social and economic relations which emerge alongside this process. This kind of a research proposition should serve the most thorough... more
The ways of providing water supply and managing it in towns can be at the same time an attempt to show social and economic relations which emerge alongside this process. This kind of a research proposition should serve the most thorough identification of a town, its function and economic possibilities, and, consequently, the level of urbanization development in the Polish lands in comparison with other parts of Europe. If we consider medieval and early-modern opinions about the quality of water depending on its kind, we must acknowledge that in the written sources concerning towns in the Polish lands, the information regarding the acquisition of rainwater, spring water, water from rivers and from wells is not equally well recognizable. The smallest amount of data concerns rainwater and spring water, which enjoy the highest opinion in treatises. Rainwater was much more often perceived as water carried away from the town, because its excess could cause disturbance or even a disaster i...
Sowina Urszula. L'eau et les nouveautes techniques dans l'espace urbain et suburbain au Moyen Age. In: L'innovation technique au Moyen Âge. Actes du VIe Congres international d'Archeologie Medievale (1-5 Octobre 1996,... more
Sowina Urszula. L'eau et les nouveautes techniques dans l'espace urbain et suburbain au Moyen Age. In: L'innovation technique au Moyen Âge. Actes du VIe Congres international d'Archeologie Medievale (1-5 Octobre 1996, Dijon - Mont Beuvray - Chenove - Le Creusot - Montbard) Caen : Societe d'Archeologie Medievale, 1998. pp. 81-87. (Actes des congres de la Societe d'archeologie medievale, 6)
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... études d'ensemble pour certaines villes, parmi lesquelles Tolède et Madrid[18] [18] José Mª Macías ... de canalisations à Valladolid, elle envisage de construire une fontaine à cinq vasques sur une ...... more
... études d'ensemble pour certaines villes, parmi lesquelles Tolède et Madrid[18] [18] José Mª Macías ... de canalisations à Valladolid, elle envisage de construire une fontaine à cinq vasques sur une ... l'eau courante, ne s'y est pas développée en tant qu'une branche indépendante et ...
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... Sowina; Localización: El espacio urbano en la Europa medieval : Nájera. Encuentros Internacionales del Medievo, Nájera, 26-29 de julio 2005 / coord. por Jesús Ángel Solórzano Telechea, Beatriz Arizaga Bolumburu, 2006, ISBN... more
... Sowina; Localización: El espacio urbano en la Europa medieval : Nájera. Encuentros Internacionales del Medievo, Nájera, 26-29 de julio 2005 / coord. por Jesús Ángel Solórzano Telechea, Beatriz Arizaga Bolumburu, 2006, ISBN 84-95747-42-1 , págs. 345-372; Recoge los ...
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The analysis presented in this paper considers two kinds of relations: between the Wawel Royal Court and the municipal community, as well as between the Court and the prominent burghers of Kraków. The study consists of three parts. In the... more
The analysis presented in this paper considers two kinds of relations: between the Wawel Royal Court and the municipal community, as well as between the Court and the prominent burghers of Kraków. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, the author presents the importance of the Wawel Hill as the seat of the senior Prince of Poland, both for the Kraków pre town agglomeration and for the city founded in 1257 based upon the Magdeburg law. In the second part, while continuing the presentation of the attractiveness of Kraków for newcomers, the author portrays the supparii Gallici as the officials of the prince (after 1320, of the king) organizing, in a newly reunited Kingdom of Poland, the administration of the mining industry. The author keeps her focus on one of them, a Genoese merchant banker named Gotfrid Fattinante, who died before 11 July, 1393. The third part of the paper concerns the policies of the kings towards the Town of Kraków and its patricians. As regards the relations between the Court and the members of the Kraków elite, the author argues that during the entire period under study, the members of the Kraków elite entered the King’s entourage thanks to the high social and financial status which they already enjoyed. This status was the result of their professional activity, which was usually as merchants.