Moravia Mare
Moravia Mare | ||||
Moravia | ||||
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![]() Localizare | ||||
Capitală | Veligrad | |||
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Guvernare | ||||
Formă de guvernare | Monarhie | |||
duce de Moravia[*] | ||||
Mojmir I | ||||
Istorie | ||||
Unificarea sub Mojmir | 833 d.Hr. | |||
Lovitura triburilor maghiare | ||||
Desființare | 902 d.Hr. | |||
Modifică date / text ![]() |
Moravia Mare a fost un stat slav care a existat în Europa Centrală pentru puțin peste cincizeci de ani în secolul al IX-lea [1] ai cărui creatori au fost strămoșii cehilor și slovacilor.
Numele
[modificare | modificare sursă]Denumirea „Moravia Mare” (Μεγάλη Μοραβία) provine din lucrarea De Administrando Imperio scrisă de împăratul bizantin Constantin al VII-lea Porfirogenet în jurul anului 950 (care este de fapt singura sursă primară care utilizează adjectivul „mare” când se referă la acest stat)
Istoric
[modificare | modificare sursă]Moravia Mare a fost fondată în 833 când Mojmir a unificat prin forță cele două formațiuni statale vecine cunoscute în istoriografia modernă ca Principatul Nitra și Principatul Moravia.
Statul era vasal Franciei Răsăritene plătind un tribut anual.
În 862 prințul Rastislav al Moraviei Mari a cerut împăratului Mihail al III-lea și patriarhului Fotie I să trimită misionari pentru a-i evangheliza pe supușii săi slavi. Motivele sale au fost probabil mai mult politice decât religioase. Rastislav devenise rege cu sprijinul conducătorului francez Ludovic Germanul, dar ulterior a căutat să-și afirme independența față de franci. Mihail al III-lea i-a trimis pe frații Chiril și Metodiu.[2]
Cea mai mare extindere teritorială a fost atinsă sub Svatopluk I (871–894), dar granițele exacte fac încă obiectul discuției istoricilor.
Cea mai considerabilă parte a Moraviei Mare a fost ocupată de maghiari care au invadat bazinul carpatic în jurul anului 896.
Note
[modificare | modificare sursă]- ^ Anton Špiesz, Duśan Čaplovič, Ladislaus J. Bolchazy, Illustrated Slovak history: a struggle for sovereignty in Central Europe, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2006, p. 9
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Cyril and Methodius, Saints, O.Ed., 2008
Bibliografie
[modificare | modificare sursă]- Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio (Greek text edited by Gyula Moravcsik, English translation by Romillyi J. H. Jenkins) (1967). Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. ISBN 0-88402-021-5.
- "King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius" (1852). In Giles, J. A. The Whole Works of King Alfred the Great, with Preliminary Essays Illustrative of the History, Arts, and Manners, of the Ninth Century, Volume 2 (Jubilee Edition, 3 vols). J.F. Smith for the Alfred Committee.
- "Liudprand of Cremona: Retribution" (2007). In: The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona (Translated by Paolo Squatriti); The Catholic University of Press; ISBN 978-0-8132-1506-8.
- The Annals of Fulda (Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II) (Translated and annotated by Timothy Reuter) (1992). Manchaster University Press. ISBN 0-7190-3458-2.
- The Annals of St-Bertin (Ninth-Century Histories, Volume I) (Translated and annotated by Janet L. Nelson) (1991). Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3426-8.
- The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm (2009). In: History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe: The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm and Adalbert of Magdeburg (Translated and annotated by Simon MacLean); Manchester University Press; ISBN 978-0-7190-7135-5.
- "The Life of Constantine" (1983). In Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes (Marvin Kantor) [Michigan Slavic Translation 5]. University of Michigan. pp. 23–96. ISBN 0-930042-44-1.
- "The Life of Methodius" (1983). In Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes (Marvin Kantor) [Michigan Slavic Translation 5]. University of Michigan. pp. 97–138. ISBN 0-930042-44-1.
- "The Royal Frankish Annals" In Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories (Translated by Bernhard Walter Scholz with Barbara Rogers) (2006). The University of Michigan Press. pp. 35–126. ISBN 0-472-06186-0.
Primary documents can be found in the following volumes:
- Havlík, Lubomír E. (1966–1977). Magnae Moraviae Fontes Historici I.-V., Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
- Marsina, Richard (1971). Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Slovaciae I., Bratislava: Veda.
- Ratkoš, Peter (1964). Pramene k dejinám Veľkej Moravy, Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied.
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[modificare | modificare sursă]- Angi, János (). „A nyugati szláv államok [=Western Slavic states]”. În Pósán, László; Papp, Imre; Bárány, Attila; Orosz, István; Angi, János. Európa a korai középkorban ["Europe in the Early Middle Ages"]. Multiplex Media - Debrecen University Press. pp. 358–365. ISBN 963-04-9196-6.
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- Bowlus, Charles R. (). Franks, Moravians and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788–907. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3276-3.
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- Havlík, Lubomír E. (). „Great Moravia between the Franconians, Byzantium and Rome”. În Champion, T. C. Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology. Routledge. pp. 227–237. ISBN 0-415-12253-8.
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- Kučera, Matúš (1974). Slovensko po páde Veľkej Moravy, Bratislava: Veda.
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- Macháček, Jiří (). „Disputes over Great Moravia: chiefdom or state? the Morava or the Tisza River?”. Early Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 17 (3): 248–267. Accesat în .
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- Püspöki Nagy, Péter (). „Nagymorávia fekvéséről [=On the location of Great Moravia]”. Valóság. Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat. XXI (11): 60–82.
- Püspöki-Nagy, Péter (). On the Location of Great Moravia: A Reassessment. Department of History, Duquesne University.
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- Senga, Toru (). „Morávia bukása és a honfoglaló magyarok [=The fall of Moravia and the Hungarians occupying the Carpathian Basin]”. Századok. Magyar Történelmi Társulat (2): 307–345.
- Sommer, Petr; Třeštík, Dušan; Žemlička, Josef; Opačić, Zoë (). „Bohemia and Moravia”. În Berend, Nora. Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus', c.900-1200. Cambridge University Press. pp. 214–262. ISBN 978-0-521-87616-2.
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- Steinhübel, Ján (). „The Duchy of Nitra”. În Teich, Mikuláš; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D. Slovakia in History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–29. ISBN 978-0-521-80253-6.
- Steinhübel, Ján (). Kapitoly z najstarších dejín českých 531–1004 [=Chapters from the oldest Czech history 531–1004]. Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku – Towarzystwo Słowakow w Polsce. ISBN 978-83-7490-370-7.
- Štefan, Ivo (). „Great Moravia, Statehood and Archaeology: The "Decline and Fall" of One Early Medieval Polity”. În Macháček, Jiří; Ungerman, Šimon. Frühgeschichtliche Zentralorte in Mitteleuropa. Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt. pp. 333–354. ISBN 978-3-7749-3730-7. Accesat în .
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- Třeštík, Dušan (). Vznik Velké Moravy. Moravané, Čechové a štřední Evropa v letech 791–871 [=The Emmergence of Great Moravia. Moravians, Czechs and middle Europe in the years 791–871]. Nakladatelství lidové noviny. ISBN 978-80-7422-049-4.
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