Marilyn Tremaine

ABSTRACT It is challenging to search a dictionary consisting of thousands of entries in order to select appropriate words for building written communication. This is true both for people trying to communicate in a foreign language who have not developed a full vocabulary, for ...

ABSTRACT Three dimensional visualizations are becoming one of the popular web visualization techniques; however, studies show that for some users, comprehending 3D visualizations is not easy. This research investigated what makes 3D visualizations difficult to understand with the purpose of using this knowledge to develop training to improve visualization literacy. In particular, we focused on the difficulties that individuals have with orientation problems in which they are asked to re-orient themselves to a visual scene from a different viewpoint, something that happens quite often in 3D information visualizations. For our research, we used complex 3D cubes as our experiment problems and sliced the cubes in different ways such that the slices matched the visual orientation a person would naturally take when viewing the slice or required the person to take a different orientation to best determine the features of the slice being made. We then compared performance on recognizing slices that matched a viewer's orientation to that of slices that required a re-orientation. Our results indicated that the problems requiring a reorientation were significantly less accurate.

CHI is more than a conference, it is an international community of researchers and practitioners who want to make a difference. Everything we do is focused on uncovering, critiquing and celebrating radically new ways for people and technology to evolve together. People in their everyday contexts, in diverse regions of the world, from very different backgrounds, with alternative outlooks on life drive this innovation. As you take part in the conference sessions we really hope you will experience how powerful this people-centred approach to technological transformation can be. CHI as a conference is now in its 32nd year and has grown to become the premier international forum on human-computer interaction, gathering us all to share innovative interactive insights that shape people's lives. CHI draws together a multidisciplinary community from around the globe. Our great strength is our ability to bring together students and experts, researchers and practitioners, scientists, designers and engineers, drawing from their rich perspectives to create new visions of humancomputer interaction. This year's conference theme is One of a CHInd. We chose this nearly two years ago as we began planning for this event. It has helped us focus our efforts and we hope you will use it to keep your eyes open to the bigger picture amongst all the excitement, range of presentations and activities at the conference. CHI 2014 is One of CHInd because it is a celebration of the conference's one of a kind diversity; from the broad range of backgrounds of its attendees, to the diverse spectrum of communities and fields that the conference and its research have an impact on. CHI 2014 will take place at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto, Canada, a city itself known for its one of a kind cultural diversity. But, CHI 2014 is more than a celebration of the diversity of our community and conference setting. We hope that this year's event, more than anything, reminds you that the "people," "participants," "users" or "humans" that you hear described throughout this week are actually uniquely wonderful individuals full of hopes, concerns, joys and frustrations. CHI is here to serve all of these one of a kinds. CHI 2014 features two outstanding keynote speakers: Booker prize winning author, Margaret Atwood and leading UX designer, Scott Jenson. New for CHI 2014, we have Provoke! Wisdom! Impact! plenary talks first thing each morning on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Come along, join the crowd and be energised by our speakers who will each bring in their experience of the Big Picture to inspire us. The talks will be short - twenty minutes - and then the rest of the day's programme will begin. We are also delighted to host a timely retrospective exhibition on wearable technology curated by Thad Starner and Clint Zeagler. CHI 2014 also includes two days of focused workshops and four days of technical content, including CHI's prestigious technical program, with 16 parallel sessions of rigorously reviewed research Papers, engaging Panels, Case Studies and Special Interest Groups (SIGs), an extensive Course program and invited talks from SIGCHI's award winners: Steve Whittaker, Gillian Grampton Smith and Richard Ladner. We also host student research, design, and game competitions, provocative alt.chi presentations and last-minute SIGs for discussing current topics. Interactivity hands-on demonstrations showcase the best of interactive technology. We also highlight over 241 Work-In-Progress posters: this year we have added some features to these sessions to better help you get the most out of the exciting, early stage work on show; do go along and engage with the authors about their work. Evening events include the CHI 2014 conference reception, Sponsors and University events, local performances and the Job Fair. We received over 3200 submissions and accepted nearly 1000 that will appear in the ACM Digital Library. To help you navigate through this immense program, there are a number of online and digital resources from the conference website to our mobile apps. You can also browse the videos, papers and extended abstracts on the CHI 2014 USB Key. But, CHI 2014 is about being in Toronto so perhaps the best way to select from and experience the event is by asking for pointers and chatting with your fellow attendees, our wonderful student volunteers, the information desk helpers or any of this year's committee. We are all here to make your experience as useful and enjoyable as possible. We are deeply indebted to our vast number of volunteers, without whom CHI 2014 would not be possible, including over 3800 reviewers, over 180 senior members of the program committee, nearly 100 members of the CHI 2014 conference committee and, of course, the more than 180 student volunteers. We thank you all! We are honored and excited by the opportunity to host CHI 2014 and wish you a productive and enjoyable stay in Toronto!

Block diagrams are commonly used to communicate three dimensional geological structures and other phenomena relevant to geological science (e.g., water bodies in the ocean). However, several recent studies have suggested that these 3D visualizations create difficulties for individuals with low to moderate spatial abilities. We have therefore initiated a series of studies to understand what it is about the 3D

Global teams are an important work structure in software development projects. However, little is known about how to handle the conflicting roles a global software team manager should play when delegating. This study investigated delegation practices in global software teams. It ...

Globally distributed software engineering involves one or more of geographic, temporal or cultural distances, which empirical studies find have deleterious effects on the efficiency of the software engineering process. There have been some successful examples where one 'bridge' ...

In recent years, SIGCHI has experienced significant growth in many new locations, especially Europe. The growth outside of North America has been so large, that the SIGCHI Executive Council revisited its policy regarding local SIGs at its August board meeting. The main issue is one of local SIGs forming in new countries. There may already be an organization that claims HCI as one of its primary areas that exists in the country. Thus, chartering a local SIG with SIGCHI may fragment the community and the available volunteers for what could be an already fragile start for HCI. These requests to be a Local SIGCHI SIG when a national HCI organization already exists can happen for a variety of reasons. It may be that a very healthy HCI organization exists, but that a disgruntled offshoot of this group requests to be a Local SIG in SIGCHI because they are unhappy with various policies in their country's organization. HCI may also exist as part of a very traditional ergonomics society with interface designers being chagrined by the group not embracing web design and interaction analysis. They therefore apply to be a Local SIG with SIGCHI in order to interact with a community that is more like they are. It may be that the people making the request do not know about a national organization in their country. It also may be that there are three or four competing organizations within a country, all claiming ownership of HCI with the applicants for a Local SIG seeing this approach as the best way to stay out of the battles. Fortunately, we are seeing the formation of our local SIGs as being quite amicable. Some of them have two affiliations, one within their own country and the local SIG affiliation with SIGCHI. However, we have experienced several instances where this has not been the case and have therefore taken a look at our policy of accepting all applications to be a Local SIG. We created an initial draft that stated that we, as volunteers could not really know what toes we were stepping on. After a large outcry from other national HCI organizations, our October meeting has approved the following policy stating that SIGCHI needs to start behaving more diplomatically. It states: SIGCHI encourages new or existing groups of HCI professionals to become Local SIGs. Before local SIGs are approved, their potential members and area …

ABSTRACT How will users choose between speech and hand inputs to perform tasks when they are given equivalent choices between both modalities in a non-visual interface? This exploratory study investigates this question. The study was conducted using AudioBrowser, a ...

Speech has been used as the foundation for many human/machine interactive systems to convey the user’s intent to the system. However, other input mechanisms, commonly called modalities, such as gaze, touch, and hand gestures, have been explored as a means of providing a more robust interaction in environments where speech alone is not adequate. By combining the inputs from multiple, complementary modalities, none of which is perfectly reliable, a better understanding of the user’s true intent can be imparted to the system. In this dissertation, the effectiveness of using gaze (where someone is looking) to aid speech in providing the user’s intent to the machine is explored. To create a speech and gaze integration model, two human factors experiments were conducted to collect data for building this model. The first experiment had the user read a single word displayed on a screen, and the second experiment required the user to read a designated word from a menu of words. Speech onset ...

This thesis work examines the time management strategies of individuals in an academic institution and gathers information on the complex temporal structures they experience and manage. Its focus is on understanding the relationship between the ...

We are pleased to be able to hold Group2003 on Sanibel Island this year. In addition to the beach, tennis, and pools available at the Sundial Resort we hope participants and their families will find some time to enjoy the unique beauty of Florida's southwest coast and sample the excellent Gulf of Mexico seafood at the island's restaurants. Along with all the surf, sun, and fun we know that you will find the conference sessions both stimulating and informing. Forty-two papers will be presented on topics ranging from collaborative software development to mobile collaborations on motorcycles. These papers represent the best works of the 120 that were submitted for consideration.This year we are pleased to have Professor John L. King, dean of the School of Information at University of Michigan, as our keynote speaker. His research focuses on the development of high-level requirements for information systems design and implementation. Drawing on engineering and the social sciences, he studies the organizational and institutional forces that shape how information technology is developed. Dr. King was editor-in-chief of the INFORMS journal, Information Systems Research, and has been co-editor-in-chief of Information Infrastructure and Policy since 1989.

ABSTRACT We present an approach to control information flow in object-oriented systems. The decision of whether an informatin flow is permitted or denied depends on both the authorizations specified on the objects and the process by which information is obtained ...

This study examines the time management strategies of individuals in an academic institution and gathers information on the complex temporal structures they experience and manage. Its focus is on how electronic tools can be designed to incorporate the temporal structures that govern time usage and thus, help individuals to better manage their time. This work consists of an exploratory field study to gather data on how people use temporal structures with electronic tools. This is followed by a survey that will be given to a larger group of respondents in the same subject population examined with the field study. The survey will test the hypotheses developed from a literature review on time management coupled with the information uncovered in the field study. Finally a prototype computer time management tool will be developed and distributed on a trial basis to the same community surveyed. A brief follow-up study will then be conducted on the prototype’s use.

This paper proposes a relatively quick method, called incidental information exchange (IIE), for capturing the level of social exchanges which take place within a workgroup. The measure captures the incidental knowledge that co-workers have about each other’s daily life. It is argued that this mutual knowledge sharing is a necessary step in building work relationships. A pilot study was conducted to assess the application of this measure to a workgroup that has had desktop videoconferencing installed in its offices to connect them with another workgroup located in another city. The administration of the measure was then presented to test its validity and reliability.

With minimal training in assessment design, professors must generate high quality examinations that fairly assess student accomplishment of course objectives. Multiple choice questions are frequently used for this assessment, but often do not address learning objectives, are misinterpreted, and if reused, may challenge the integrity of some students. It is proposed that computer aids for generating multiple choice tests might be of considerable use to an instructor. This study presents a first step in building such aids, that of demonstrating via a case study, the inadequacy of current multiple choice test item generation methods. The case study also uncovers the functionality to build into a computer test generation aid for instructors. Bloom’s taxonomy of learning objectives, discriminant analysis and student evaluations of questions is used to analyze the question data used in this study.

The knowledge worker of today is faced with increasing complex scheduling demands. Employees are put on multiple teams working on a variety of different projects, which have various tight and important deadlines. In addition, they are called into regular and ad hoc meetings with management and colleagues. Many of the meetings are in distant locations and individuals are constantly on the move and connected primarily via mobile devices. How does a person manage their time in this complex environment? What tools do they select to carry out this time management and how effective are these tools? This research work presents an exploratory study using semi-structured interviews to investigate these questions. The key purpose of the study was to obtain requirements for developing better electronic time management tools.

Rating Issue Severity. Participants identified eight factors that could be considered for assessing issue severity, including importance of the task, effect on satisfaction, and frequency of problem occurrence. Also discussed was whether and how to integrate usability defect tracking with code defect-tracking systems.