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NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover took this selfie, made up of 62 individual images, on July 23. A rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls,” which has features that may bear on the question of whether the Red Planet was long ago home to microscopic life, is to the left of the rover near the center of the image.

Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, and the seventh largest. It’s the only planet we know of inhabited entirely by robots.

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NASA Spacecraft in Orbit

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NASA Rovers on the Surface

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One of the navigation cameras aboard NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover captured this view looking back at the “Bright Angel” area on July 30, the 1,224th Martian day, or sol, of the mission.

After 2½ years exploring Jezero Crater, the rover will ascend to an area where it will search for more discoveries that could rewrite Mars’ history.

An illustration set against a pale orange sky shows a coaster-shaped spacecraft hovering at the top of the frame, with rockets at four corners firing jets toward the ground. Suspended beneath it on three tethers is a Mars rover, with a light-colored flat bottom, and its six wheels retracted above its belly.

Twelve years ago, NASA landed its six-wheeled science lab using a daring new technology.

NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover took this selfie, made up of 62 individual images, on July 23. A rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls,” which has features that may bear on the question of whether the Red Planet was long ago home to microscopic life, is to the left of the rover near the center of the image.

The most puzzling, complex, and potentially important rock yet investigated by Perseverance.

NASA program scientist Lindsay Hays explains what defines potential signs of ancient life on other worlds and why they require future study. NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover is searching for these signs, collecting samples for future return to Earth, and helping pave the way for human exploration.

Scientist Lindsay Hays explains what defines potential signs of ancient life on other worlds

These yellow crystals were revealed after NASA’s Curiosity happened to drive over a rock and crack it open on May 30. Using an instrument on the rover’s arm, scientists later determined these crystals are elemental sulfur — and it’s the first time this kind of sulfur has been found on the Red Planet.

The rover found rocks made of pure sulfur--a first.

Mars Overview

Mars is no place for the faint-hearted. It’s dry, rocky, and bitter cold. The fourth planet from the Sun, Mars, is one of Earth's two closest planetary neighbors (Venus is the other). Mars is one of the easiest planets to spot in the night sky – it looks like a bright red point of light.

Despite being inhospitable to humans, robotic explorers – like NASA's Perseverance rover – are serving as pathfinders to eventually get humans to the surface of the Red Planet.

Why Do We Go?

Mars is one of the most explored bodies in our solar system, and it's the only planet where we've sent rovers to explore the alien landscape. NASA missions have found lots of evidence that Mars was much wetter and warmer, with a thicker atmosphere, billions of years ago.

Explore with Us
A composite image of Earth and Mars was created to allow viewers to gain a better understanding of the relative sizes of the two planets.
Earth-Mars Comparison: This composite image, from NASA Galileo and Mars Global Survey orbiters, of Earth and Mars was created to allow viewers to gain a better understanding of the relative sizes of the two planets.
JPL

Mars Relay Network: Interplanetary Internet

Mars Relay Network is the first link in a two-way communications bridge from Mars to Earth
NASA/JPL-Caltech/VTAD

Beyond the Moon

Humans to Mars

Like the Moon, Mars is a rich destination for scientific discovery and a driver of technologies that will enable humans to travel and explore far from Earth.

Mars remains our horizon goal for human exploration because it is one of the only other places we know in the solar system where life may have existed. What we learn about the Red Planet will tell us more about our Earth’s past and future, and may help answer whether life exists beyond our home planet.

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Illustration of an astronaut on Mars, using a remote control drone to inspect a nearby cliff.
Illustration of an astronaut on Mars, using a remote control drone to inspect a nearby cliff.
NASA