Gepgraphy

Dogs allowed to run free (off-leash) on the beaches of Canada’s Pacific Rim National Park Reserve are identified as a disturbance to migratory shorebirds, and have the potential to habituate wolves to regard dogs as objects of prey. Extensive efforts have been made to promote on-leash rules to allow for a balance between the parks’ mandate to preserve ecological integrity and offering a satisfying visitor experience. Efforts to promote on-leash behaviour have been unsuccessful. This chapter reports highlights from a study exploring why park visitors appear reluctant to comply with on-leash rules. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with compliers (dogs on-leash) and non-compliers (dogs off-leash) in the park reveals the beach as a contested space, driven by a strong off-leash social norm and exacerbated by a number of barriers to compliance behaviour. The study is grounded within animal and urban geography and how people socially construct parks and protected area spa...

Abstract. The techniques of fuzzy logic and Monte Carlo simulation are com-bined to address two incompatible types of uncertainty present in most natural resource data: thematic classi®cation uncertainty and variance in unclassi®ed continuously distributed data. The ...

Geochemical surfaces are reconstructed by interpolating geochemical measurements obtained from stream-water and stream-sediment samples. The geographical region that influences (and therefore is represented by) the value of a geochemial sample is its topographic catchment area. However, standard convention is to treat and to record the stream sample in the database as a point location, and to reconstruct geochemical surfaces utilizing conventional point interpolation procedures. These interpolation procedures assume, generally, that a data point exerts geographical influence away from itself in all directions, and that influence declines with distance away from that data point. Conventional interpolation procedures are poorly suited for reconstructing geochemical surfaces from stream samples; they do not take into account the true geographic area that geochemical sample points represent (topographic catchments). In this paper we propose a method of interpolation which assumes that data points are representative of their topographic catchment areas. Experimental data indicates that a surface reconstruction procedure which preserves the areal character of geochemical samples provides results more meaningful than surfaces reconstructed using more conventional interpolation techniques.

The objective of this study was to identify spatial variability in exposure to outdoor traffic-related air pollution with specific emphasis on comparing exposure estimates for working females and males across a metropolitan area. A spatial exposure simulation model was used to estimate annual average exposure to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide for males and females reporting regular work in census tracts other

... are mapping com-ponents of Indigenous knowledge to ensure cultural sur-vival (Gonzalez, Herrera, and Chapin 1995; Rocheleau, Thomas-Slayter, and Edmunds 1995). The documenta-tion of place names, land management techniques, ritu-als, sacred sites, histories, and ...

... 1st Edition Leslie T. Foster C. Peter Keller with contributions from Jack Boomer, Diane Braithwaite, John Fowler, Michael Hayes, Perry Hystad, Patti Jensen, Ken Josephson, Perry Kendall, Brian McKee, Gord Miller, Aleck Ostry, David Weicker, and Martin Wright ...