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Poet, novelist and celebrity Elinor Wylie
 
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'''Elinor Morton Wylie''' (September 7, 1885 – December 16, 1928) was an American poet and novelist. She was popular in the 1920s and 1930s. She was also famous for her beauty and personality. She "was called the reigning queen of American poetry" in the 1920s. <ref> ''A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie'' by Evelyn Helmick Hivelyhttp://books.google.co.kr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=etZ3uV0WMvIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=elinor+wylie+novel+style&ots=Fkd3SVnLeL&sig=89yNtOvaqrurD2M8Pu-1f33vD9E#v=onepage&q=elinor%20wylie%20novel%20style&f=false, p. xi</ref>
'''Elinor Morton Wylie''' (7 September 1885 – 16 December 1928) was an American poet and novelist. She was popular in the 1920s and 1930s. She was also famous for her beauty and personality. She "was called the reigning queen of American poetry" in the 1920s.<ref name=Hivelyxi>Evelyn Helmick Hively, ''A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie'' (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. xi</ref>
==Life==
==Life==
===Family and childhood===
===Family and childhood===


Elinor Wylie was born Elinor Morton Hoyt in Somerville, New Jersey. Her family was an important one in New Jersey. Her parents were [[Henry Martyn Hoyt, Jr.]] and Anne Morton McMichael. Elinor had two brothers and two sisters.
Elinor Wylie was born Elinor Morton Hoyt on 7 September, 1885 in [[Somerville, New Jersey]].<ref name=James690>''Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary'', Volume 1, eds. Edward T. James; Janet Wilson James; Paul S. Boyer (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 690</ref> She came from a prominent New Jersey family. Her parents were [[Henry Martyn Hoyt, Jr.]] and Anne Morton McMichael. Elinor was the oldest of five children.<ref name=James690/>


When she was twelve, the family moved to [[Washington, D.C.]].<ref name=Hively11>Evelyn Helmick Hively, ''A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie'' (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. 11</ref> This was when her father was appointed Assistant [[Attorney General of the United States|Attorney General]].<ref name=Hively11/> Elinor went to Miss Baldwin's School near [[Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania]]. She next went to Mrs. Flint's School, and Holton-Arms School, both in Washington.<ref name=James690/> She graduated in 1904. At the Corcoran [[Art gallery|gallery]] she studied [[drawing]].<ref name=James690/> As a girl, she liked reading books.
When she was twelve, the family moved to [[Washington, D.C.]]. This was because her father had a job with the national government. The family stayed there for the rest of Elinor's childhood. <ref>http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650207/Elinor-Wylie </ref>
Elinor went to Miss Baldwin's School (1893–97), Mrs. Flint's School (1897–1901), and finally Holton-Arms School (1901–04). As a girl, she liked reading books.


===Adult life===
===Adult life===


Little more than a year after she finished school, she married Philip Simmons Hichborn. She bore a son. But she left her husband and son in 1910: she went to England with Horace Wylie, a Washington lawyer. <ref>http://www.enotes.com/topics/elinor-wylie/critical-essays/wylie-elinor</ref> Horace was 17 years older than Elinor and already married. His wife refused him a divorce until 1915. The scandal was widely publicized.
Little more than a year after she finished school, she married Philip Hichborn, Jr.<ref name=Hively27>Evelyn Helmick Hively, ''A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie'' (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. 27</ref> Together they had a son, Philip Hichborn, III.<ref name=Hively27/> But she left her husband and son in 1910.<ref name=Rattiner192>Susan L. Rattiner, ''Great Poems by American Women: An Anthology'' (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1998), p. 192</ref> she went to England with Horace Wylie. He was a Washington lawyer, married and was 17 years older than Elinor.<ref name=Rattiner192/> The scandal was widely publicized.


After Horace's wife agreed to a divorce and Hichborn committed suicide, he and Elinor returned to America and got married. <ref>http://www.enotes.com/topics/elinor-wylie/critical-essays/wylie-elinor</ref> <ref>http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650207/Elinor-Wylie </ref> In 1919, the couple moved to Washington. There she met with famous writers. They said she should publish her poetry. <ref>http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650207/Elinor-Wylie </ref>
Horace's wife finally agreed to a divorce and Hichborn committed suicide. in 1916 she and Wylie returned to America and got married.<ref name=Champion371>''American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook'', eds. Laurie Champion; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), p. 371</ref> In 1919, the couple moved to Washington. There she met with famous writers. They said she should publish her poetry.


First she sent poems to ''[[Poetry (magazine)|Poetry ]]'', the leading American poetry magazine. These were accepted. <ref>http://www.enotes.com/topics/elinor-wylie/critical-essays/wylie-elinor</ref> In 1921, she produced a book poems called ''Nets to Catch the Wind.'' It was popular with both critics and the public. <ref>http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650207/Elinor-Wylie </ref>
First she sent poems to ''[[Poetry (magazine)|Poetry ]]'', the leading American poetry magazine. These were accepted. In 1921, she produced a book poems called ''Nets to Catch the Wind.'' It was popular with both critics and the public.<ref name=Rattiner192/> Now she became a celebrity. People like her poetry, her charming personality and her beauty.<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Modern Poetry in English'', eds. Jeremy Noel-Tod; Ian Hamilton (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 668</ref>
Now she became a celebrity. People like her poetry, her charming personality and her beauty.


Elinor Wylie left her second husband and moved to New York. <ref>http://www.enotes.com/topics/elinor-wylie/critical-essays/wylie-elinor</ref> In 1923 she divorced him and married the critic, novelist and poet [[William Rose Benét]]. <ref>http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650207/Elinor-Wylie </ref> Although they stayed married, she separated from him, too. But she would visit him after the separation. On one of these visits,she suffered a fatal [[stroke]]. <ref>http://www.enotes.com/topics/elinor-wylie/critical-essays/wylie-elinor</ref>
Elinor Wylie left her second husband and moved to New York, where she continued to live.<ref name=Champion371/> In 1923 she divorced him and married the critic, novelist and poet [[William Rose Benét]].<ref name=Rattiner192/> Although they stayed married, she separated from him, too. But she would visit him after the separation. In 1928 she suffered a [[heart attack]] which left her in poor health.<ref name=Champion372>''American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook'', eds. Laurie Champion; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), p. 372</ref> On 16 December 1928 she suddenly died of [[Bright's disease]].<ref name=Champion372/>


==Literary style==
==Literary style==


According to Evelyn Hively, Elinor Wylie "subscribed fully to the theory that a poet's work, as Wallace Stevens says, lies in trying to wrestle experience into meaning".<ref name=Hivelyxi/> She admired poetry from the past. These included the Metaphysical poets and the Romantic poets. Her favorite poet was [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]. He had a strong influence on her style.<ref>Carol Kort, ''A to Z of American Women Writers'' (New York: Facts on File, 2007), p. 358</ref> Her poetry often followed strict conventions. For example, many of her poems were sonnets.<ref name=Champion373>''American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook'', eds. Laurie Champion; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), p. 373</ref> She also used a lot of imagery. all of her long works of fiction were allegories. They dealt with the supernatural or the strange and unusual. She called these fantasies "fairytales".<ref name=Hivelyvii>Evelyn Helmick Hively, ''A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie'' (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. vii</ref>
According to Evelyn Hively, Elinor Wylie "subscribed fully to the theory that a poet's work, as Wallace Stevens says, lies in trying to wrestle experience into meaning" <ref> "Elinor Wylie," ''Twentieth Century Criticism'' http://books.google.co.kr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=etZ3uV0WMvIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=elinor+wylie+novel+style&ots=Fkd3SVnLeL&sig=89yNtOvaqrurD2M8Pu-1f33vD9E#v=onepage&q=elinor%20wylie%20novel%20style&f=false, p. xi</ref>
She admired poetry from the past. These included the Metaphysical poets and the Romantic poets. "Her poetry, carefully structured and sensuous in mood, evinces the influence of 16th- and 17th-century English poetry," according to the ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]''. <ref>http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650207/Elinor-Wylie </ref> Her favorite poet was [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]. He had a strong influence on her style. <ref>http://www.enotes.com/topics/elinor-wylie/critical-essays/wylie-elinor</ref> Her poetry often followed strict conventions. For example, many of her poems were sonnets. She also used a lot of imagery. all of her long works of fiction were allegories. They dealt with the supernatural or the strange and unusual. She called these fantasies "fairytales" <ref> "Elinor Wylie," ''Twentieth Century Criticism'' http://books.google.co.kr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=etZ3uV0WMvIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=elinor+wylie+novel+style&ots=Fkd3SVnLeL&sig=89yNtOvaqrurD2M8Pu-1f33vD9E#v=onepage&q=elinor%20wylie%20novel%20style&f=false, p. 145</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
Line 46: Line 43:
*''Mr. Hodge & Mr. Hazard''. New York. Knopf, 1928. London: Heinemann, 1928. Chicago: Academy, 1984.
*''Mr. Hodge & Mr. Hazard''. New York. Knopf, 1928. London: Heinemann, 1928. Chicago: Academy, 1984.
==Further reading==
== References ==
{{reflist}}


== Other websites ==
*Olson, Stanley. ''Elinor Wylie: A Biography''. New York: Dial, 1979.
*Hively, Evelyn Helmick. "Elinor Wylie," ''Twentieth Century Criticism'' Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale Research, 1982.
*Hively, Evelyn Helmick. ''A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie''. Kent State University Press, 2003.


⚫
* [https://librivox.org/author/180?primary_key=180&search_category=author&search_page=1&search_form=get_results Recording of Elinor Wylie's works at LibriVox]
*Elinor Wylie's works at [[Project Gutenberg]]: http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/w#a2151
⚫
*Recording of Elinor Wylie's works at [[LibriVox]]: https://librivox.org/author/180?primary_key=180&search_category=author&search_page=1&search_form=get_results

<references/>

Revision as of 13:24, 19 July 2014

Elinor Morton Wylie (7 September 1885 – 16 December 1928) was an American poet and novelist. She was popular in the 1920s and 1930s. She was also famous for her beauty and personality. She "was called the reigning queen of American poetry" in the 1920s.[1]

Life

Family and childhood

Elinor Wylie was born Elinor Morton Hoyt on 7 September, 1885 in Somerville, New Jersey.[2] She came from a prominent New Jersey family. Her parents were Henry Martyn Hoyt, Jr. and Anne Morton McMichael. Elinor was the oldest of five children.[2]

When she was twelve, the family moved to Washington, D.C..[3] This was when her father was appointed Assistant Attorney General.[3] Elinor went to Miss Baldwin's School near Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. She next went to Mrs. Flint's School, and Holton-Arms School, both in Washington.[2] She graduated in 1904. At the Corcoran gallery she studied drawing.[2] As a girl, she liked reading books.

Adult life

Little more than a year after she finished school, she married Philip Hichborn, Jr.[4] Together they had a son, Philip Hichborn, III.[4] But she left her husband and son in 1910.[5] she went to England with Horace Wylie. He was a Washington lawyer, married and was 17 years older than Elinor.[5] The scandal was widely publicized.

Horace's wife finally agreed to a divorce and Hichborn committed suicide. in 1916 she and Wylie returned to America and got married.[6] In 1919, the couple moved to Washington. There she met with famous writers. They said she should publish her poetry.

First she sent poems to Poetry , the leading American poetry magazine. These were accepted. In 1921, she produced a book poems called Nets to Catch the Wind. It was popular with both critics and the public.[5] Now she became a celebrity. People like her poetry, her charming personality and her beauty.[7]

Elinor Wylie left her second husband and moved to New York, where she continued to live.[6] In 1923 she divorced him and married the critic, novelist and poet William Rose Benét.[5] Although they stayed married, she separated from him, too. But she would visit him after the separation. In 1928 she suffered a heart attack which left her in poor health.[8] On 16 December 1928 she suddenly died of Bright's disease.[8]

Literary style

According to Evelyn Hively, Elinor Wylie "subscribed fully to the theory that a poet's work, as Wallace Stevens says, lies in trying to wrestle experience into meaning".[1] She admired poetry from the past. These included the Metaphysical poets and the Romantic poets. Her favorite poet was Percy Bysshe Shelley. He had a strong influence on her style.[9] Her poetry often followed strict conventions. For example, many of her poems were sonnets.[10] She also used a lot of imagery. all of her long works of fiction were allegories. They dealt with the supernatural or the strange and unusual. She called these fantasies "fairytales".[11]

Works

Elinor Wylie was primarily a poet, but she also wrote four successful novels, or fantasies, as well as short stories and essays.

Volumes of poetry

  • Incidental Numbers 1912. published anonymously by her mother
  • Nets to Catch the Wind 1921. the work that made her famous
  • Black Armour 1923
  • Angels and Earthly Creatures: A Sequence of Sonnets 1928. She completed the draft of this collection while visiting her husband. She had her fatal stroke just after completing it.
  • Trivial Breath 1928
  • Collected Poems of Elinor Wylie 1932. published after her death
  • Last Poems of Elinor Wylie 1943. published after her death

Works of long fiction

Jennifer Lorn: A Sedate Extravaganza. New York: Doran, 1923. London: Richards, 1924.

  • The Venetian Glass Nephew. New York: Doran, 1925. Chicago: Academy, 1984.
  • The Orphan Angel. New York: Knopf, 1926. Also published as Mortal Image. London: Heinemann, 1927.
  • Mr. Hodge & Mr. Hazard. New York. Knopf, 1928. London: Heinemann, 1928. Chicago: Academy, 1984.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Evelyn Helmick Hively, A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. xi
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 1, eds. Edward T. James; Janet Wilson James; Paul S. Boyer (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 690
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Evelyn Helmick Hively, A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. 11
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Evelyn Helmick Hively, A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. 27
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Susan L. Rattiner, Great Poems by American Women: An Anthology (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1998), p. 192
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, eds. Laurie Champion; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), p. 371
  7. ↑ The Oxford Companion to Modern Poetry in English, eds. Jeremy Noel-Tod; Ian Hamilton (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 668
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, eds. Laurie Champion; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), p. 372
  9. ↑ Carol Kort, A to Z of American Women Writers (New York: Facts on File, 2007), p. 358
  10. ↑ American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, eds. Laurie Champion; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), p. 373
  11. ↑ Evelyn Helmick Hively, A Private Madness: The Genius of Elinor Wylie (Kent (Ohio); London: the Kent State University Press, 2003), p. vii

Other websites

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