Viktor Orbán
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Viktor Mihály Orbán (wuxuu dhashay 31-kii Maajo 1963) waa siyaasi u dhashay dalka Hangari oo ra’iisul wasaare ka ahaa Hungary ilaa 2010; sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa raiisel wasaare 1998 ilaa 2002. Wuxuu kaloo madaxweyne ka ahaa Fidesz, xisbi muxaafid siyaasadeed oo qaran, ilaa 1993, nasasho kooban ayuu qaatay intii u dhaxeysay 2000 iyo 2003.
Wuxuu ku dhashay Székesfehérvár, Orbán wuxuu sharciga ka bartay jaamacada Eötvös Loránd University, isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1987. Wuxuu si kooban u bartay cilmiga siyaasada ee Pembroke College, Oxford, ka hor inta uusan ku laaban Hungary si uu u galo siyaasada kadib xilligii dayrta ee qaramada. Wuxuu madax ka noqday dhaqdhaqaaqa ardayda isbedel doonka ah ee Isbahaysiga Dhallinyarada Dimuqraadiga ah (Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége), oo aakhirka noqon doona xisbiga Fidesz. Orbán wuxuu noqday siyaasi qaran ahaan la yaqaan ka dib markii uu cinwaan ka bixiyay dib u soo nooleyntii Imre Nagy 1989 iyo shuhadada kale ee kacaankii 1956, ee uu si cad uga dalbaday in ciidamada Soviet ay ka baxaan dalka.
Ka dib u-guuritaankii dimuqraadiyadda 1990, waxaa loo doortay Golaha Shacbiga wuxuuna u adeegay hoggaamiyaha Fidesz ee golaha baarlamaanka ilaa 1993. Isaga oo hoggaankiisa ah, Fidesz wuxuu ka weecday asalkiisii hore ee midig-dhexe, libral classical, pro-European muxaafidnimada qaran ee garabka midig oo badan. Ka dib markii Fidesz uu ku guuleystay tiro badan kuraasta doorashadii 1998, Orbán waxaa loo magacaabay Raiisel Wasaaraha markii ugu horeysay.
Fidesz ayaa si dirqi ah uga adkaaday doorashadii 2002 iyo 2006 ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga, iyadoo Orbán uu waqtigan ku qaatay inuu noqdo Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka. Hoos u dhaca ku yimid sumcadda hantiwadaagga, oo ay uga sii dartay "Khudbaddii Őszöd" ee Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Ferenc Gyurcsány, ayaa ka caawisay Orbán inuu ku hoggaamiyo Fidesz guul ballaaran 2010. Orbán wuxuu isbahaysi la sameeyay xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ee Masiixiyiinta, isaga oo siinaya heer sare Golaha Qaranka, oo isagu loo isticmaali jiray in lagu soo bandhigo dib u habeyn weyn oo dastuurka iyo sharci dejinta ah. Fidesz waxay sii haysatay supermajority-keedii doorashooyinkii 2014 iyo 2018. Bishii Ogosto 2018, Orbán wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaarihii labaad ee ugu muddada dheeraa marka laga yimaado Kálmán Tisza.
Dimuqraadiyada masiixiga ee Orbán, muxaafidka bulshada, muxaafidnimada qaranka, qaabilaada Euroscepticism iyo u qareemida waxa uu ku tilmaamay "dawlad aan sharci aheyn" ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka oo muhiim ah. Intii uu ku jiray dowladda tan iyo 2010, Hungary waxay la kulantay dib u gurasho dimoqraadi ah, iyadoo u weecatay dhanka