Bahaʼullah
Baháʼu'lláh | |
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Amezikwa | 32°56′36″N 35°05′32″E / 32.94333°N 35.09222°E |
Watoto |
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Bahaʼullah (alizaliwa Hussein Ali al-Nuri 1817–1892) alikuwa nabii mwanzilishi wa Imani ya Kibahai.
Alizaliwa katika familia ya kiungwana huko Iran, akafukuzwa nchini kwa sababu ya kushikamana kwake na imani ya Bab akatumia maisha yake yote katika kifungo zaidi katika Milki ya Osmani. Alipokaa huko Iraki mnamo 1863, alitangaza kwa mara ya kwanza madai yake ya kupokea ufunuo kutoka kwa Mungu. Mafundisho yake yalihusu kanuni za umoja wa dini zote na matengenezo upya wa kidini, kuanzia maendeleo ya kimaadili na ya kiroho hadi utawala wa ulimwengu.
Asili na familia
Alizaliwa kwa jina la Hussein Ali; ilhali alizaliwa katika familia ya makabila kutoka jimbo la Nur, aliitwa Mirza Hussein Ali al-Nuri. Alilelewa bila elimu rasmi lakini alisoma vizuri na alishikamana na dini ya Kishia ya familia. Familia yake ilikuwa tajiri.Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 22 alipewa nafasi ya cheo katika serikali lakini alikataa. Badala yake alisimamia mali ya familia na kutumia muda na pesa nyingi kwa misaada kwa wanyonge na maskini.
Mfuasi wa Bab
Akiwa na umri wa miaka 27 alijiunga na harakati ya Bab akawa miongoni mwa wafuasi wakubwa wa vuguvugu jipya la kidini ambalo lilihubiri kufutwa kwa sheria ya Kiislamu, jambo ambalo lilisababisha upinzani mkubwa dhidi ya Bab na wafuasi wake. Baada ya kujiunga na harakati ya Bab alianza kutumia jina jipya la "Baha" (kutoka Kiar. بهاء bahāʾ kwa maana ya utukufu) lililokuwa baadaye Baha'u'llah (utukufu wa Mungu).
Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 33, serikali iliamua kumuua Bab na kukandamiza harakati yake. Baha'u'llah alikuwa kati ya wafuasi wa Bab waliokamatwa lakini jina jema la familia yake lilimuokoa. Akafukuzwa kutoka Iran ilhali mali zake zilitwaliwa.
Ufunuo wa kwanza
Kabla tu ya kuondoka, akiwa gerezani katika shimo chafu, Baháʼu'llah alidai kupokea mafunuo kutoka kwa Mungu yakiashiria mwanzo wa utume wake wa kimungu.
Uhamishoni Iraki
Alihamia Baghdad nchini Iraki, wakati ule jimbo la Milki ya Osmani. Hapa alifundisha na kukusanya wafuasi wa Bab nje ya Iran. Serikali ya Iran iliomba serikali ya Waosmani kumwondoa hapa kwa sababu wahiji wengi kutoka Iran walifika Iraki kwenye miji mitakatifu ya Washia. Aliambiwa kwenda Istanbul akiwa kama mgeni wa serikali. Kabla ya kuondoka Iraki aliwatangazia wafuasi wake kuwa yeye ni mtume wa Mungu kwa enzi hii aliyetabiriwa na Bab. Idadi kubwa ya wafuasi wa Bab walikubali ufunuo huu ilhali kundi dogo halikumpokea.
Edirne na Akko
Baada ya miezi kadhaa mjini Istanbul alitumwa kwenda Edirne, sehemu aliyokaa kwa miaka minne. Serikali ya Kiosmani ilikuwa na mashaka na mahubiri yake. Hivyo, ikaamua kumtuma kwenda Akko katika Palestina ambako alifungwa jela. Baada ya miaka kadhaa kwenye jela aliruhusiwa kukaa katika nyumba ya binafsi karibu na Akko ambapo alitumia miaka yake ya mwisho.
Mafundisho
Baháʼu'lláh aliandika mengi juu ya mafundisho yake, pamoja na risala angalau 1,500, baadhi zikiwa za urefu wa kitabu, ambazo zimetafsiriwa katika angalau lugha 802. Baadhi ya mifano mashuhuri ni pamoja na Maneno Yaliyofichwa, Kitabu cha Yakini, na Kitáb-i-Aqdas . Baadhi ya mafundisho ni fumbo na yanazungumzia asili ya Mungu na maendeleo ya nafsi, huku mengine yanashughulikia mahitaji ya jamii, wajibu wa kidini wa wafuasi wake, au muundo wa taasisi za Kibahá'í ambazo zingeeneza dini. Aliwaona wanadamu kimsingi kama viumbe vya kiroho, na akatoa wito kwa watu kukuza wema wa kimungu na kuendeleza maendeleo ya kimwili na kiroho ya jamii.
Marejeo
Kujisomea
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