Papers by Csipkés Hajnalka-Szende
JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES, 2019
The present study is focusing on the preventive strategies to combat online sexual related threat... more The present study is focusing on the preventive strategies to combat online sexual related threats among adolescents from Cluj-Napoca, presenting partial results of the authorřs doctoral thesis. In this preventive process the authorities, parents or guardians, respectively, the educators have a series of obligations in order to ensure a proper online behavior of the adolescents. These preventive strategies are the use of security settings by teenagers, informing by raising the awareness of the subject, exercising parental control and other means of prevention, such as restricting access, calling hotlines, requesting help from parents, friends and teachers.
JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES, 2019
Despite the raising awareness of programmes on internet safety, there are no websites intended to... more Despite the raising awareness of programmes on internet safety, there are no websites intended to review the adolescentřs risk status of exposure to sexual related risks. In order to fill this lack we propose a questionnaire model able to predict certain risk categories of a sexual nature encountered in the online environment. The model was developed as a part of the authorřs doctoral thesis. The results of the questionnaire are able to determine the degree of risk-related exposure of teenagers in most probably categories. After evaluating the responses related to general online behavior of adolescents, this model can contribute not only to juveniles self-knowledge, but also it is able to support parents and teachers in the effective and early prevention of potential abuses.
Acta Medicinae et Sociologica, 2018
Legal and practical references of Romanian and Hungarian agricultural cooperative associations. A... more Legal and practical references of Romanian and Hungarian agricultural cooperative associations. Accession to the Eu-ropean Union in Central and Eastern European countries has set new challenges in several social and economic areas. Agriculture was one of the most important economic sectors that needed transformation during the integration process. European agricultural policy as well as agriculture and rural development programs are considered an effective tool to organize farmers into agricultural cooperatives. Therefore this study is researching the situation of cooperatives in Hungary and Romania. Absztrakt: Az Európai Unióhoz való csatlakozás a kelet-közép európai országokat számos társadalmi és gazdasági területen új kihívások elé állította. A mezőgazdaság képezte az egyik legje-lentősebb gazdasági szektort, mely az integrációs folyamat so-rán átalakulásra szorult. Az európai agárpolitikák valamint a mezőgazdasági és vidékfejlesztési programok hatékony esz-köze a mezőgazdasági szövetkezetekbe való tömörülés, ezért jelen tanulmány célja a magyarországi és romániai szövetkeze-tek helyzetének bemutatása. Követendő volna néhány nyugat-európai szövetkezeti modell, melyek megfelelő stimulánsok ha-tására jól működő társulási lehetőségeket kínálnak a gazdák számára. Ez a tanulmány a XI. Nyíregyházi Doktorandusz Konferencián (2017. 12. 01., Nyíregyházi Egyetem) elhangzott előadás alapján készült.
Acta Medicinae et Sociologica, 2018
Roma minority as a legal entity in the EU and Romania. The
present study aims to analyze the EU s... more Roma minority as a legal entity in the EU and Romania. The
present study aims to analyze the EU strategies against the
discrimination over the Roma, as a population above nations,
as well as the implementation of these strategies in the
Romanian legal system. In order to complete the legal review,
this study also includes among its objects the analysis of
minority rights.
The European Union has no exclusive competences of
minority rights. In fact, the minority rights issue falls within the
sovereignty of Member States. However, the European Union
may require indirectly that Member States respect the rights of
minorities. It will be analyzed the actual regulations in Romania,
which ensures special rights for minority ethnic groups.
The author is also mentioning national strategies dealing
with the integration of the Roma and national offices which are
ensuring legal aid.
Acta Medicinae et Sociologica, 2018
The contemporary situation of the Transylvanian Hungarian cooperatives. Instances The author pres... more The contemporary situation of the Transylvanian Hungarian cooperatives. Instances The author presents in parallels the legal regulatory history of cooperatives in Hun-gary and Romania and also the legal perspectives of the current systems, highlighting the cooperative behavior of Hungarians in Romania. Existing statistical data is considered as starting-point, according to which both countries are characterized by a low number of cooperatives. As a part of the research, the author presents two case examples and five interviews with Transylvanian farmers in order to reveal the practical barriers to the spread of cooperatives. Absztrakt. A szerző párhuzamba állítja a szövetkezetek ma-gyarországi és romániai szabályozásának jogtörténetét, vala-mint az aktuális szabályozási rendszert, kiemelve a romániai magyarok szövetkezési magatartását. Kiindulási alapul szol-gálnak azon statisztikai adatok, melyek szerint mindkét or-szágban alacsony a szövetkezetek száma. Említésre kerülnek azon kritikák is, melyekkel a szakirodalom illette az aktuális kelet-európai szabályozási rendszereket. A kutatási részben a szerző két erdélyi magyar érdekelt-ségű szövetkezet esetpéldáját mutatja be és öt, szintén erdélyi magyar termelővel folytatott interjút dolgoz fel. Ez a tanulmány a XI. Nyíregyházi Doktorandusz Konferencián (2017. 12. 01., Nyíregyházi Egyetem) elhangzott előadás alapján készült.
JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES, 2018
Since 2016 in Romania smoking was banned completely in all enclosed public places, enclosed workp... more Since 2016 in Romania smoking was banned completely in all enclosed public places, enclosed workplaces, and children's playgrounds. New labeling conditions of tobacco products and packages have been released in order to indicate the harmful effects, in addition to other prevention campaigns. Our research focuses on the effects of law measured one year after restrictions have entered into force among smoker and non-smoker students.The study mainly uses the quantitative methods of questionnaires, the sample includes 315 university students. The results show that the declared objectives of the restrictive measures against smoking have generally failed. Smoking still has a very high frequency among the research subjects. Students who smoke neither have reduced the amount of consumed cigarettes nor have quitted smoking and the consumption per capita remained the same. The subject's smoking status can be partially explained by their friend's smoking status and by the student's attitudes on smoking in enclosed places like buildings. In order to reduce the phenomenon of smoking further steps and measures are required.
Journal of Romanian Literary Studies, 2018
According to previous studies sending or receiving of sexually-suggestive or explicit contents vi... more According to previous studies sending or receiving of sexually-suggestive or explicit contents via social media is becoming a popular trend among teenagers. This phenomenon is also called sexting. These contents (images or texts), even if they were sent with good faith in the context of a romantic relationship can easily be misused: they can be posted public or can be infinitely distributed on social media platforms reaching unintended persons. For these reasons sexting represents online risk exposure. The author is exploring this phenomenon among High School students of 10 th grade from Cluj-Napoca with quantitative methods. The sample contains 303 cases. The objectives are to investigate the online behavior of teenagers in context of sexting, to measure the magnitude of the phenomena and to identify other associated risks of sexual nature. The results confirm that sexting is very common, it is significantly related to the online behavior and represents a factor of risk for teenagers. The data was extracted from the authorřs doctoral research.
JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES, 2018
This paper is highlighting the increasing tendency of social media usage among teenagers. As a re... more This paper is highlighting the increasing tendency of social media usage among teenagers. As a result of the increase in the number of users, studies are reporting about associated risks to which young people are exposed. A qualitative research was conducted using the techniques of focus group to assess userřs preferences by choosing the social-media platform. The results show that boys and girls have different motivations and it is difficult to determine the amount of daily time spent on these platforms because most of the users are permanently online. The communication is mainly done with mobile apps. Generally teenagers are annoyed by parental control on Facebook, therefore they have started to use Snapchat and Instagram, where the presence of adults is nearly inexistent.
Curentul Juridic, 2016
This study begins with analysing the legal provisions pertaining to the crime of child pornograph... more This study begins with analysing the legal provisions pertaining to the crime of child pornography on an international, European and national level, with the aim of ascertaining whether the legislator's incrimination of certain forms of child pornography, pseudo-pornography and virtual pornography that involve minors is opportune. The literature is rife with reservations and controversies stemming from the fact that the social value protected by this crime has not been clarified, and situations can arise in which the legislator criminalises certain acts that, although immoral, nonetheless exceed the scope of criminal law. In order to fully analyse the phenomenon from the viewpoint of social perception as well, an empirical study has been performed comprising 607 persons. The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of the population with regard to child pornography, taking into account familiarity with the notion, the content of legislation and opinions about the rationale of criminalisation. The results show that certain demographic variables can give rise to differences in perceiving the object of the study, and respectively, that there are certain forms of the crime that are thought to be subject to an excessively harsh system of penalties. Nevertheless, a segment of the population is not fully informed as to child pornography, which justifies further efforts to raise awareness of the subject.
Conference Presentations by Csipkés Hajnalka-Szende
DISCOURSE AS A FORM OF MULTICULTURALISM IN LITERATURE AND COMMUNICATION , 2015
Online sexual harassment of children is of increasing occurrence according to research papers and... more Online sexual harassment of children is of increasing occurrence according to research papers and international reports. Control measures have been taken at all levels of the legislative systems. This study deals with the risks of being exposed to different forms of sexual harassment through the use of social networks-esp. Facebook. According to reports of EU Kids Online and Save the Children Romania it is apparent that the usual age restrictions applied by social networks cannot protect minors. This paper is based on a sample of 607 Internet users in order to explore aspects of online sexual harassment acts committed against minors in Romania. Results show that social network sites are presenting significant danger in terms of spreading of online sexual harassment acts committed against children. Evidence has been found that the minimum age requirement of 13 years applied by Facebook is a formal and insufficient measure to protect children.
Books by Csipkés Hajnalka-Szende
Prezenta teză doctorală are ca scop identificarea riscurilor de natură sexuală la care sunt expuș... more Prezenta teză doctorală are ca scop identificarea riscurilor de natură sexuală la care sunt expuși utilizatorii adolescenți pe rețelele de socializare. Cercetarea prezintă aspecte interdisciplinare constând în fundamentarea sociologică a riscurilor de pe rețelele de socializare și fundamentarea juridică a protecției acestei categorii de persoane. Cercetarea s‐a focusat în principal pe rețeaua de socializare Facebook, însă și alte rețele utilizate de către adolescenți au intrat în vizor. Metodologia de cercetare cuprinde atât metode cantitative (chestionare) cât și calitative recurgând la tehnica focus‐grupului și a interviului. Subiecții vizați sunt adolescenți de clasele a X‐a, respectiv părinții și pedagogii acestora. Autoarea a condus o cercetare preliminară în cadrul studiilor masterale la Universitatea „Babeș‐ Bolyai”, Facultatea de Drept, Specializarea Științe penale și criminalistică abordând riscurile rețelelor de socializare pentru minori, precum și rolul controlului parental asupra utilizării de către copii a rețelelor de socializare. Ea a studiat infracțiunea de pornografie infantilă comisă prin sisteme informatice pe un eșantion de 607 utilizatori de internet. Rezultatele au indicat un pericol crescut privind răspândirea actelor de hărțuire sexuală a minorilor prin folosirea rețelelor de socializare. Prin această teză de disertație autoarea și‐a propus lărgirea ariei de cercetare din timpul masteratului de la pornografia infantilă la toate riscurile de natură sexuală, nu numai din punct de vedere juridic, ci și social.
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Papers by Csipkés Hajnalka-Szende
present study aims to analyze the EU strategies against the
discrimination over the Roma, as a population above nations,
as well as the implementation of these strategies in the
Romanian legal system. In order to complete the legal review,
this study also includes among its objects the analysis of
minority rights.
The European Union has no exclusive competences of
minority rights. In fact, the minority rights issue falls within the
sovereignty of Member States. However, the European Union
may require indirectly that Member States respect the rights of
minorities. It will be analyzed the actual regulations in Romania,
which ensures special rights for minority ethnic groups.
The author is also mentioning national strategies dealing
with the integration of the Roma and national offices which are
ensuring legal aid.
Conference Presentations by Csipkés Hajnalka-Szende
Books by Csipkés Hajnalka-Szende
present study aims to analyze the EU strategies against the
discrimination over the Roma, as a population above nations,
as well as the implementation of these strategies in the
Romanian legal system. In order to complete the legal review,
this study also includes among its objects the analysis of
minority rights.
The European Union has no exclusive competences of
minority rights. In fact, the minority rights issue falls within the
sovereignty of Member States. However, the European Union
may require indirectly that Member States respect the rights of
minorities. It will be analyzed the actual regulations in Romania,
which ensures special rights for minority ethnic groups.
The author is also mentioning national strategies dealing
with the integration of the Roma and national offices which are
ensuring legal aid.