1 “I tell you honestly and openly—if you want to harm the country, invest in training it speciali... more 1 “I tell you honestly and openly—if you want to harm the country, invest in training it specialists in the Rus sian Federation. You couldn’t harm Rus sia more.”1 With this stunning remark, Dmitry Marinichev, Rus sia’s presidential internet ombudsman, addressed it entrepreneurs, government officials, and academics in October 2015 at a meeting of the Rus sian Civic Chamber to discuss import substitution— the replacement (due to Western sanctions) of foreignproduced technologies with Rus sian ones. Accepting as a fact the isolationist tendencies of the Vladimir Putin government, the West’s growing hostility toward Rus sia, and the lack of a Rus sian innovation ecosystem that could sustain the production of domestically and internationally competitive digital technologies, Marinichev argued that Rus sia was already cut off from global innovation networks and that, therefore, “we can give technology to other countries only when we have a military presence [ there]. When other countries will not have an alternative option than to get it from us.” Considerable uproar ensued, but Marinichev held his line in a follow-up interview with Gazeta:
We analyze the specific predicament of Russian software engineers and hackers in Russia and abroa... more We analyze the specific predicament of Russian software engineers and hackers in Russia and abroad, their communities, cultures, and emigration patterns.
The balance is the oldest element in the iconography of justice, both secular and divine. First e... more The balance is the oldest element in the iconography of justice, both secular and divine. First encountered in the Egyptian Book of the Dead, it resurfaces in Persian religious texts, in the Old and New Testament, and in the Koran The balance adorns court houses throughout the world, emblematizing justice with its purported ability to weigh accurately the opposing arguments, evidence, and interests pitting plaintiffs against defendants. It also embodies the paradigmatic image of criminal law at the center of this essay: the balancing of crime and punishment. There is a gap, however, between the balance’s iconographic success and the quality of its performance as an instrument of justice. This essay is about that gap.
The role of eyewitnessing in science and natural philosophy has been a prominent research questio... more The role of eyewitnessing in science and natural philosophy has been a prominent research question in science studies and history of science in the last two decades. Philosophy too has begun to study its epistemic dimensions.1 Looking at modern scenarios, scholars have focused mainly on the increasingly extensive role of scientists and scientific evidence in legal proceedings. Historians of early modern science have instead focused primarily on the borrowings of legal witnessing practices and standards of evidence into natural philosophy—borrowings aimed at buttressing the new concepts of experience and experiment being developed by mathematicians and experimental philosophers.2 In this essay, I analyze the peculiar role of eyewitnessing in Kepler’s observational astronomy to revisit and substantially revise some of the received views of the relation between law and early modern science.
Wissensideale und Wissenskulturen in der Frühen Neuzeit, 2002
Mario Biagioli Picturing Objects in the Making: Scheiner, Galileo and the Discovery of Sunspots1 ... more Mario Biagioli Picturing Objects in the Making: Scheiner, Galileo and the Discovery of Sunspots1 Troubled dichotomies Historians of early moder n science and medicine have distinguished two kinds of illustra-tions, and situated them at opposite ends of the spectrum of pictorial ...
... poeta eccellentissimo Gigli ed.) Studi sulla Divina Comedia di Galileo Galilei Vincenzo Borgh... more ... poeta eccellentissimo Gigli ed.) Studi sulla Divina Comedia di Galileo Galilei Vincenzo Borghini ed ... qui avaient été dessinées et partiellement exécutées par son cosmographe Ignazio Danti pour la ... pp 253-254 Favaro doute de authenticité de cette lettre mais Rosen réfuté de ...
i propose a revisionist account of the production and reception of galileo's telescopic obser... more i propose a revisionist account of the production and reception of galileo's telescopic observations of 1609–10, an account that focuses on the relationship between credit and disclosure. galileo, i argue, acted as though the corroboration of his observations were easy, not difficult. his primary worry was not that some people might reject his claims, but rather that those able to replicate them could too easily proceed to make further discoveries on their own and deprive him of credit. consequently, he tried to slow down potential replicators to prevent them from becoming competitors. he did so by not providing other practitioners access to high-power telescopes and by withholding information about how to build them. this essay looks at the development of galileo's monopoly on early telescopic astronomy to understand how the relationship between disclosure and credit changed as he moved from being an instrument-maker to becoming a discoverer and, eventually, a court philoso...
Tougher examination of patent applications reduces anti–commons effects while reducing the freque... more Tougher examination of patent applications reduces anti–commons effects while reducing the frequency and costs of litigation. Modelled after open source/free software collaborations, the “Peer to Patent” initiative seeks to improve the quality of patents by developing a Web–based infrastructure whereby volunteer experts external to the PTO’s review applications, assemble prior art information, and submit the results of their collective work back to the Patent Office examiner. This paper endorses the spirit and goals of the “Peer to Patent” initiative, but questions its reliance on the open source model. A discussion of the functions of peer review, the meaning of peer, and the motivations of the reviewers in different contexts indicates that editorial peer review — not open source — can provide a more effective model for integrating peer review of patent applications into PTO practices.
MARIO BIAGIOLI GALILEO COURTIER The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism Galileo, Cou... more MARIO BIAGIOLI GALILEO COURTIER The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism Galileo, Courtier is Mario Biagioli's radical reinterpretation of Galileo's career. In the early baroque court of the Medicis and the Vatican, Galileo fashioned both his career and his sci-ence ...
1 “I tell you honestly and openly—if you want to harm the country, invest in training it speciali... more 1 “I tell you honestly and openly—if you want to harm the country, invest in training it specialists in the Rus sian Federation. You couldn’t harm Rus sia more.”1 With this stunning remark, Dmitry Marinichev, Rus sia’s presidential internet ombudsman, addressed it entrepreneurs, government officials, and academics in October 2015 at a meeting of the Rus sian Civic Chamber to discuss import substitution— the replacement (due to Western sanctions) of foreignproduced technologies with Rus sian ones. Accepting as a fact the isolationist tendencies of the Vladimir Putin government, the West’s growing hostility toward Rus sia, and the lack of a Rus sian innovation ecosystem that could sustain the production of domestically and internationally competitive digital technologies, Marinichev argued that Rus sia was already cut off from global innovation networks and that, therefore, “we can give technology to other countries only when we have a military presence [ there]. When other countries will not have an alternative option than to get it from us.” Considerable uproar ensued, but Marinichev held his line in a follow-up interview with Gazeta:
We analyze the specific predicament of Russian software engineers and hackers in Russia and abroa... more We analyze the specific predicament of Russian software engineers and hackers in Russia and abroad, their communities, cultures, and emigration patterns.
The balance is the oldest element in the iconography of justice, both secular and divine. First e... more The balance is the oldest element in the iconography of justice, both secular and divine. First encountered in the Egyptian Book of the Dead, it resurfaces in Persian religious texts, in the Old and New Testament, and in the Koran The balance adorns court houses throughout the world, emblematizing justice with its purported ability to weigh accurately the opposing arguments, evidence, and interests pitting plaintiffs against defendants. It also embodies the paradigmatic image of criminal law at the center of this essay: the balancing of crime and punishment. There is a gap, however, between the balance’s iconographic success and the quality of its performance as an instrument of justice. This essay is about that gap.
The role of eyewitnessing in science and natural philosophy has been a prominent research questio... more The role of eyewitnessing in science and natural philosophy has been a prominent research question in science studies and history of science in the last two decades. Philosophy too has begun to study its epistemic dimensions.1 Looking at modern scenarios, scholars have focused mainly on the increasingly extensive role of scientists and scientific evidence in legal proceedings. Historians of early modern science have instead focused primarily on the borrowings of legal witnessing practices and standards of evidence into natural philosophy—borrowings aimed at buttressing the new concepts of experience and experiment being developed by mathematicians and experimental philosophers.2 In this essay, I analyze the peculiar role of eyewitnessing in Kepler’s observational astronomy to revisit and substantially revise some of the received views of the relation between law and early modern science.
Wissensideale und Wissenskulturen in der Frühen Neuzeit, 2002
Mario Biagioli Picturing Objects in the Making: Scheiner, Galileo and the Discovery of Sunspots1 ... more Mario Biagioli Picturing Objects in the Making: Scheiner, Galileo and the Discovery of Sunspots1 Troubled dichotomies Historians of early moder n science and medicine have distinguished two kinds of illustra-tions, and situated them at opposite ends of the spectrum of pictorial ...
... poeta eccellentissimo Gigli ed.) Studi sulla Divina Comedia di Galileo Galilei Vincenzo Borgh... more ... poeta eccellentissimo Gigli ed.) Studi sulla Divina Comedia di Galileo Galilei Vincenzo Borghini ed ... qui avaient été dessinées et partiellement exécutées par son cosmographe Ignazio Danti pour la ... pp 253-254 Favaro doute de authenticité de cette lettre mais Rosen réfuté de ...
i propose a revisionist account of the production and reception of galileo's telescopic obser... more i propose a revisionist account of the production and reception of galileo's telescopic observations of 1609–10, an account that focuses on the relationship between credit and disclosure. galileo, i argue, acted as though the corroboration of his observations were easy, not difficult. his primary worry was not that some people might reject his claims, but rather that those able to replicate them could too easily proceed to make further discoveries on their own and deprive him of credit. consequently, he tried to slow down potential replicators to prevent them from becoming competitors. he did so by not providing other practitioners access to high-power telescopes and by withholding information about how to build them. this essay looks at the development of galileo's monopoly on early telescopic astronomy to understand how the relationship between disclosure and credit changed as he moved from being an instrument-maker to becoming a discoverer and, eventually, a court philoso...
Tougher examination of patent applications reduces anti–commons effects while reducing the freque... more Tougher examination of patent applications reduces anti–commons effects while reducing the frequency and costs of litigation. Modelled after open source/free software collaborations, the “Peer to Patent” initiative seeks to improve the quality of patents by developing a Web–based infrastructure whereby volunteer experts external to the PTO’s review applications, assemble prior art information, and submit the results of their collective work back to the Patent Office examiner. This paper endorses the spirit and goals of the “Peer to Patent” initiative, but questions its reliance on the open source model. A discussion of the functions of peer review, the meaning of peer, and the motivations of the reviewers in different contexts indicates that editorial peer review — not open source — can provide a more effective model for integrating peer review of patent applications into PTO practices.
MARIO BIAGIOLI GALILEO COURTIER The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism Galileo, Cou... more MARIO BIAGIOLI GALILEO COURTIER The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism Galileo, Courtier is Mario Biagioli's radical reinterpretation of Galileo's career. In the early baroque court of the Medicis and the Vatican, Galileo fashioned both his career and his sci-ence ...
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