Books by Gennadii Kazakevych
Despite physical distance and dissimilarities in their pasts, Ireland and Ukraine were rather clo... more Despite physical distance and dissimilarities in their pasts, Ireland and Ukraine were rather closely tied in ancient and medieval minds. The Irish were thought to have originated from Scythia while the Vikings and Irish monks established contact between both countries in the tenth century. As both countries were later ruled by foreign powers, both shared phenomena such as dual loyalties, cultural and administrative assimilation and religious conflict that shaped the foreign alliances of their elites. This paper compares the Ukrainian and Irish historical experiences up to 1800. It notes the nonlinear historical development of each and early contact between Ireland and Ukraine that significantly influenced the formation of Irish and Ukrainian culture.
Розділи, присвячені давнім кельтам, їхній присутності на землях України та впливу на розвиток міс... more Розділи, присвячені давнім кельтам, їхній присутності на землях України та впливу на розвиток місцевих культур.
Історія цивілізації. Україна. ‒ Том 1: Від кіммерійців до Русі (X ст. до н.е. ‒ IX ст.) / Упоряд. М. Ю. Відейко. ‒ Харків: Фоліо, 2020. ‒ 586 с.
Анотація до видання:
На сторінках цього видання постають два тисячоліття історії на теренах сучасної України. Книга поділена на дві частини: перша охоплює період від Х cт. до н.е. до ІІІ ст., друга – від ІІІ ст. до ІХ ст. Зміст книги було розроблено з метою залучення до її написання широкого кола фахівців, які найкраще дослідили та розуміються на окремих питаннях. Під однією обкладинкою зібрані відомості про мову, релігію, міфологію, технічні досягнення, економіку, мистецтво та військову справу давніх часів. Книга містить чимало унікальної інформації, результати новітніх досліджень, деякі розділи стали першими ластівками у висвітленні певних тем у такому обсязі.
https://chtyvo.org.ua/authors/Videiko_Mykhailo/Istoriia_tsyvilizatsii_Ukraina_Tom_1_Vid_kimmeriitsiv_do_Rusi_X_st_do_n_e_IX_st/
for SUMMARY and CONTENTS IN ENGLISH see PP. 345-357.
У монографії розглядається широке коло пита... more for SUMMARY and CONTENTS IN ENGLISH see PP. 345-357.
У монографії розглядається широке коло питань, пов’язаних із перебуванням давніх кельтів у Карпато-Балканському регіоні та Східній Європі. Охарактеризовано вплив соціокультурних та політико-ідеологічних настанов модерної доби на формування наукових уявлень про кельтські народи. Із застосуванням методів етнології сформульовано підходи до вивчення кельтів як етнічної групи та їхніх міграцій у східному напрямку.Реконструйовано участь кельтів у процесах етнокультурної взаємодії з племенами й народами, які у давні часи населяли Південно-Східну Європу. Особливу увагу приділено питанням перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України, а також імовірним контактам кельтів зі слов’янами.
Науково-популярна військово-історична серія «MILITARIA UCRAINICA»
Книга присвячена малодосліджен... more Науково-популярна військово-історична серія «MILITARIA UCRAINICA»
Книга присвячена малодослідженій темі перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України. На основі писемних, археологічних та лінгвістичних джерел висвітлюються особливості їхнього військового мистецтва. На тлі історії Східної Європи IV—I ст. до н.е. розкриваються шляхи проникнення кельтів на землі України, військово-політичні події, що відбувалися тут за їхньої участі, а також вплив кельтів на розвиток місцевих культур.
Для істориків, археологів, студентів та викладачів гуманітарних навчальних закладів, а також усіх, хто цікавиться військовою історією Європи та України за античної доби.
У книзі досліджуються взаємозв’язки етнологічних наукових центрів українських земель, які упродов... more У книзі досліджуються взаємозв’язки етнологічних наукових центрів українських земель, які упродовж досліджуваного періоду входили до складу Російської імперії та СРСР, із європейським науковим середовищем. Праці українських етнологів, а також методологічні принципи, на які вони спиралися, розглядаються у контексті розвитку світової етнологічної думки. Відповідно до застосованих теоретико-методологічних підходів та особливостей опрацювання етнографічних джерел, виділено наукові школи в українській етнології другої половини ХІХ ст. – 20-х рр. ХХ ст.
Для етнологів, істориків, викладачів та студентів вищих навчальних закладів, а також усіх тих, хто цікавиться історичним минулим України.
Papers by Gennadii Kazakevych
The paper discusses the historiographic concept that suggested the Irish (Scots) were descendants... more The paper discusses the historiographic concept that suggested the Irish (Scots) were descendants of the Scythians. This idea emerged during the Middle Ages to establish the noble and ancient ancestry of the Irish people. However, later it was employed to criticize Irish culture and depict it as barbaric. This case clearly demonstrates that historical myths can easily be turned against those who created them.
The settlement on the Galish and Lovachka hills near the modern Ukrainian city of Mukacheve is on... more The settlement on the Galish and Lovachka hills near the modern Ukrainian city of Mukacheve is one of the most significant La Tène sites in the Upper Tisza region. From 1844 to 1930, amateur archaeologists unearthed the Galish-Lovachka site in an unsystematic manner. They uncovered twenty-four structures, including dwellings and workshops, as well as several inhumation burials and approxi-mately one thousand artifacts, such as iron tools, pottery vessels, bronze ornaments, weapons, and military equipment, etc. The majority of the inventory is from the LT B2-C period. The majority of the cultural layer of the Galish-Lovachka site was destroyed by plowing in the early twentieth century. Additional research conducted between 1962 and 1964 proved fruitless. On the Lovachka hill, archaeologists from Uzhhorod State University excavated multiple storage pits and a half-dugout dwelling between 1986 and 1989. The cultural layer contained fragments of wheel-made pottery and several metal objects. It is evident that Galish-Lovachka was an important metallurgy and ironworking center that engaged in long-distance commerce. Galish-Lovachka was also a political center of the sur-rounding area, as evidenced by the discovery of a number of artifacts indicating the high social status of their owners. The swords, which include a short sword with an X-shaped handle, iron chain belts for hanging a sword, horse bits, and chariot fittings from Galish-Lovachka, provide evidence for the presence of the Celtic military elite at the settlement. Few dozens of silver coins (primarily imitations of Philip II and Audoleon) were discovered in the settlement’s cultural layer. The discovery of a coin mold indicates that at least some local coins were produced. If Galish-Lovachka had become an oppi-dum, its well-developed crafts, coin minting, and high-status objects would indicate a certain stage in the evolution of La Tène settlements, but it did not. Galish-Lovachka is compared to well-known Central European Celtic sites such as Roseldorf, Nmice, and Nowa Cerekwa by the author. One may conclude that Galish-Lovachka was a typical Celtic “industrial village” of the middle La Tène period – a large rural settlement that served as the regional political and economic hub.
Ukrainian Studies
The paper deals with the ethnocultural processes that took place in the 3rd century BC – 1st cent... more The paper deals with the ethnocultural processes that took place in the 3rd century BC – 1st century AD on the territory of Ukraine and neighbouring lands of Central and Eastern Europe. These processes, in particular, have expressed themselves in the emergence of terms ‘Celtoscythians’ and ‘Bastarnae’. The author aims to show that ancient Greeks and Romans used these names to define barbaric population, which, was living on the territory of Scythia according to geographical concepts of those days, but had material culture and customs similar to Celtic and, to some extent, could use Celtic dialects. It is stated that the lands of present-day Ukraine were stretched across the distinct periphery of the ‘Celtic world’.A group of Celtic settlements and burials which occupied the Transcarpathian region was a rather typical sub-group of the La Tene culture, similar to those in nearby regions of Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. There are only traces of the ‘Celtic’ military raids and micro-mi...
Ukrainian Studies
The origin and widespread of ethnic and cultural entities, such as the Celts, Germans, Slavs, Scy... more The origin and widespread of ethnic and cultural entities, such as the Celts, Germans, Slavs, Scythians etc. remain an essential problem for both archaeologists and linguists. The article reassesses the main concepts of the Iron Age Celtic origin, including the traditional “Celts from Central Europe” approach, “the Celts from West” hypothesis, as well as the most recent assumptions according to which the Celts were just a historiographic cliché produced by the Classical authors. It seems that neither of these concepts could be accepted as an explanation of the Celtic origin; however, it is still possible to find common ground in understanding the “Celtic phenomenon” by synthesizing the disciplines of history, linguistics, archaeology, and population genetics. First of all, the Classical authors indeed used to attach an ethnic label Celts/Galatians/Gauls to various groups of population in Europe. However, there is no doubt that most of these groups in fact used some Celtic dialects. ...
An attempt of creating new museum narratives by the example of the exhibition project «Shevchenko by the urban tongue», 2022
Taras Shevchenko is one of the most researched and discussed figures in Ukrainian society. In eac... more Taras Shevchenko is one of the most researched and discussed figures in Ukrainian society. In each historical period receptions and assessments around Shevchenko` personality differentiates, depending on the public circumstances or prevailing trends in humanitarian discourse. These perceptions swayed between positive and critical judgment. Authors identified several key perceptions of Shevchenko in Ukrainian public space, for instance, «national hero», «father of the nation», «poet», «revolutionary democrat». In their opinion, modern Ukraine still faces the search for Shevchenko` new image. New forms of public honour (commemoration) are being developed, including through museum exhibition projects. Authors also analyze the significance of the museum narrative expositions and exhibitions for the creation of new public images, giving the example of the exhibition project «Shevchenko by the urban tongue», which took place in the Taras Shevchenko national museum from November 4th to January 31th in 2021. Curators attempted to explore how personal experience in the city changed due to the process of urbanization from the XIX-th century and how the urban space influenced the shaping of the Taras Shevchenko figure. Specifically, in the XIX-th century, cities ultimately transformed into an environment, which created trends, emphases of the global public development that influenced Shevchenko, since exactly in the city he gained domestic freedom, profession and widened his social circle. The city gave him a sense of understanding of the culture, its influence and importance not only for consumer purposes or acceptance but also for the creation of new meanings. According to the authors, this approach allows us to better understand the significance of Taras Shevchenko, his connection to modern Ukrainian realities and world context.
Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine
The purpose of the article is to reveal to which extent the Iron Age Celtic art visualized the me... more The purpose of the article is to reveal to which extent the Iron Age Celtic art visualized the metanarrative of the Celtic religion. The methodology is based on the applying of structural and semiotic approaches to the symbols and representations of the Celtic art, which are viewed as components of much more complicated system: the religious and mythological beliefs of the Iron Age Celts. Scientific novelty. The author puts forward an idea that the Early La Tиne, Waldalgesheim and Plastic art styles were closely connected to the Celtic beliefs in the afterlife and supranatural powers. Conclusions. The La Tиne decorated weapons, drinking vessels and personal ornaments were produced by the artisans who were closely connected to the priesthood. Such artifacts were used as apothropei in the highly ritualized spheres of social life such as war, banquet and burial rite. The author notes that the decline of the Plastic art style was simultaneous with the transformations of the Celtic buria...
The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual
The article deals with the iconography of the Celtic coins which come from the South-Eastern Euro... more The article deals with the iconography of the Celtic coins which come from the South-Eastern Europe. Main attention is paid to the coins found in the Trans-Carpathian region of Ukraine. The aim of this article is to shed light on symbolism of the Celtic coins, in particular on a horse-rider figure on the reverse of these coins. Research methodology is based on the structuralist approach. The scientific novelty. The author shows how the imagery of the coins was connected to the Celtic religious beliefs and cults. The Celtic issues from the Trans-Carpathian region were derived chiefly from the coins of Philip II and Audoleon. A horse-rider image is present on almost all of the Celtic coins from the Trans-Carpathian area and nearby regions. While on most of coins the rider’s figure is highly schematized, some of them contain a detailed image of a female figure. There is no reason to suggest that the Celtic women used to lead their communities or were widely involved in the warfare as m...
Ab Imperio, 2020
The article discusses how, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the rising Ukrainian nat... more The article discusses how, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the rising Ukrainian national movement was shaped by references to the Irish and, later, Finnish national causes. The identification of kindred scenarios of national mobilization and their specific interpretation by Ukrainian intellectuals created images of the normative scenario to follow, which the authors call a "relatable Other." By constructing the Irish and the Finns as "relatable Others," the Ukrainian community structured itself as a nation.
Feel free to contact me if you'd like to get the paper.
History Pages, 2020
The article touches upon the history of education in the field of photography in Ukraine during t... more The article touches upon the history of education in the field of photography in Ukraine during the late XIX — the first third of the XX century. The article aims at revealing the contribution of the scientific and educational institutions based in Kyiv, as well as individual local photography enthusiasts, to the development of photographic education. Using the methods of the history of ideas and social history, the author finds out how the changing political, social, and ideological conditions influenced the teaching of photography paradigm. At the turn of the XIX–XX centuries, the official authorities treated photography as a commercial industry. According to them, the photographer had to be skilled enough to satisfy rather modest esthetic demands of his clients, therefore, there was no need in the special photographic schools. At the same time, numerous amateur photographers, who belonged to the highly-educated class of the society, considered photography as an important driver of the technical and social progress. Due to the efforts of the Kyivan photographic society “Daguerre” and the local branch of the Russian technical society, Kyiv became one of the leading centers
of artistic and scientific photography in Eastern Europe. Thus the lack of photographic education facilities thwarted the progress. Amateurs and enthusiasts exerted their efforts to start the teaching of photography in Kyiv basing on the best practices of Western European education. In 1906 Mykola Petrov started his photography class in the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Next year the local publisher Vasyl Kulzhenko launched the photographic education in his school of the publishing industry. Kyiv became the first city in the Russian empire where one
could get secondary and higher education in the field of photography. This system ceased to exist soon after the Bolsheviks gained control over the territory of Ukraine in the early 1920th. During the next two decades, the photography was taught either in the cinematography schools or in the so-called amateur photographic laboratories. However, in general, the quality of photographic education during that period was rather poor. As the authors assume, this situation was caused by the fact that the Soviet authorities treated photography as a mean of
political propaganda, however, less important than the cinematography. Insufficient financial support as well as ideological pressure resulted in the decline of photographic education in Kyiv.
Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History
The article deals with the early history of photographic industry in Kyiv as a complex cultural p... more The article deals with the early history of photographic industry in Kyiv as a complex cultural phenomenon. Special attention is focused on the portrait photography as a 'technology of memory'. It involves methods of social history of art, prosopography and visual anthropology. The study is based on the wide scope of archival documents, including the correspondence of publishing facilities inspector, who supervised the photographic activity in Kyiv from 1888 to 1909. By the early 20 th century, making, collecting, displaying and exchanging the photographic portraits became an important memorial practice for townspeople throughout the world. In the pre-WWI Kyiv dozens of ateliers produced photographic portraits in large quantities. While the urbanization and economic growth boosted migration activity and washed out traditional family and neighborhood networks, the photography provided an instrument for maintaining emotional connections between people. The author emphasizes the role of a professional photographer who acted as a maker of 'memory artifacts' for individuals and families and, therefore, established aesthetic standards for their private visual archives. It is stated that the professional photography played a noticeable role in modernization and westernization of Kyiv. With its relatively low barrier to entry, it provided a professionalization opportunity for women, representatives of the lower social classes or discriminated ethnic groups (such as Poles after the January Insurrection, and Jews). While working in a competitive environment, photographers had to adopt new technologies, improve business processes and increase their own educational level. At the same time, their artistic freedom was rather limited. The style of photographic portrait was inherited from the Eighteen and Nineteen-century academic art, so it is usually hard to distinguish photographic portraits made in Kyiv or in any other European city of that period. Body language of models, their clothing and personal adornments as well as studio decorations and accessories aimed to construct the image of successful individuals, faithful friends, closely tied family members with their own strictly defined social roles etc. The old-fashioned style of the early twentieth century portraiture shaped the visual aesthetics of photographic portrait that was noticeable enough even several decades later.
Codrul Cosminului, 2019
http://atlas.usv.ro/www/codru_net/CC25/2/01.html
The paper deals with the history of art censorsh... more http://atlas.usv.ro/www/codru_net/CC25/2/01.html
The paper deals with the history of art censorship in the Russian Empire, which started with the reform of 1865 and lasted until the Revolution of 1905, when the restrictive measure was officially abolished. The paper summarises the legislative measures that were taken by the government to control the distribution and display of the works of fine art. The authors point out that the censorship disapproved images that unfavourably represented the Russian monarchy, that glorified nationalist and revolutionary movements as well as those considered as threatening to the Orthodox Church or public morality. The authors conclude that the government attempted to implement a system of screening all the paintings, lithographs, and photographs before they were published or displayed. However, it achieved only limited success.
The concept of ‘Scythia as an ancestral homeland’ played an important role in the Medieval Origo ... more The concept of ‘Scythia as an ancestral homeland’ played an important role in the Medieval Origo gentis. The narratives about the origin of peoples aimed to contribute the construction of new identities in Europe after the Roman empire declined. Iordanes and Isidore of Seville considered Scythia as either starting or passing point of the Gothic migrations. Bede the Venerable and anonymous authors of Lebor Gabála Érenn named Scythia as a homeland of the Picts and Scots, while in the Icelandic Ynglinga saga it was considered as a native land of the Norse gods. It is widely accepted that the medieval intellectuals used the phonetic similarity of the ethnic and geographical terms Scythae/Scythia, Gothi, Scotti, Svíþjoð (Sweden) and Scedenig (Scandinavia) to construct links between the new ethnic and political entities, Classical history and biblical genealogy of peoples. This supposition is undoubtedly correct, however, it tends to oversimplify the conditions of the Early Medieval historiography’s development. The article demonstrates that apart from the Bible, the authors of the Origo gentis had to take into account at least two other important narratives. One of them was a still alive in the 8th century Anglo-Saxon Britain and 13th century Iceland epic tradition, which dealt with the presence of the Goths and other Germanic peoples in the North Pontic area. Greek and Roman geography was another narrative, which medieval authors had to regard. According to Pomponius Mela, Plinius the Elder and other Classical writers, the lands of Scythia, Scandinavia, mythical Hyperborea, Britain and Ireland made up a single region – northern periphery of the inhabited world. Visualization of Scandinavia as an island laying opposite to Scythia, coming from the Greek and Roman geography, explains why the description of Asgard in the Ynglinga saga is to a large extent dependent on the Hyperborea’s depictions in the Classical cosmographies. To sum up, one should not consider the stories about the Scythian origin of some Northern and Western European peoples as a complete fiction for at least two reasons. Firstly, some of the Origo gentis appealed to the folklore tradition, which, in its turn, preserved a reminiscence of the historically and archaeologically attested events (such as the Gothic migration from the Baltic littoral to the North Pontic area). Secondly, from the viewpoint of educated medieval Scandinavians, British and Irishmen, their own homelands were a part of a single region, neighboring Scythia and being closely connected with it.
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Books by Gennadii Kazakevych
Історія цивілізації. Україна. ‒ Том 1: Від кіммерійців до Русі (X ст. до н.е. ‒ IX ст.) / Упоряд. М. Ю. Відейко. ‒ Харків: Фоліо, 2020. ‒ 586 с.
Анотація до видання:
На сторінках цього видання постають два тисячоліття історії на теренах сучасної України. Книга поділена на дві частини: перша охоплює період від Х cт. до н.е. до ІІІ ст., друга – від ІІІ ст. до ІХ ст. Зміст книги було розроблено з метою залучення до її написання широкого кола фахівців, які найкраще дослідили та розуміються на окремих питаннях. Під однією обкладинкою зібрані відомості про мову, релігію, міфологію, технічні досягнення, економіку, мистецтво та військову справу давніх часів. Книга містить чимало унікальної інформації, результати новітніх досліджень, деякі розділи стали першими ластівками у висвітленні певних тем у такому обсязі.
https://chtyvo.org.ua/authors/Videiko_Mykhailo/Istoriia_tsyvilizatsii_Ukraina_Tom_1_Vid_kimmeriitsiv_do_Rusi_X_st_do_n_e_IX_st/
http://mellenpress.com/book/Iron-Age-Celts-In-The-Territory-Of-Ukraine-And-Their-Influence-On-The-Cultures-Of-Local-Population-During-Third-Century-Bc-First-Century-Ad-Where-Gauls-And-Scythians-Met-And-Mingled/9233/
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1495504328/ref=cm_sw_r_fa_dp_t2_SQhYxb5SWZ19Q
CONTENTS and ABSTRACTS in PDF
У монографії розглядається широке коло питань, пов’язаних із перебуванням давніх кельтів у Карпато-Балканському регіоні та Східній Європі. Охарактеризовано вплив соціокультурних та політико-ідеологічних настанов модерної доби на формування наукових уявлень про кельтські народи. Із застосуванням методів етнології сформульовано підходи до вивчення кельтів як етнічної групи та їхніх міграцій у східному напрямку.Реконструйовано участь кельтів у процесах етнокультурної взаємодії з племенами й народами, які у давні часи населяли Південно-Східну Європу. Особливу увагу приділено питанням перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України, а також імовірним контактам кельтів зі слов’янами.
Книга присвячена малодослідженій темі перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України. На основі писемних, археологічних та лінгвістичних джерел висвітлюються особливості їхнього військового мистецтва. На тлі історії Східної Європи IV—I ст. до н.е. розкриваються шляхи проникнення кельтів на землі України, військово-політичні події, що відбувалися тут за їхньої участі, а також вплив кельтів на розвиток місцевих культур.
Для істориків, археологів, студентів та викладачів гуманітарних навчальних закладів, а також усіх, хто цікавиться військовою історією Європи та України за античної доби.
Для етнологів, істориків, викладачів та студентів вищих навчальних закладів, а також усіх тих, хто цікавиться історичним минулим України.
Papers by Gennadii Kazakevych
Feel free to contact me if you'd like to get the paper.
of artistic and scientific photography in Eastern Europe. Thus the lack of photographic education facilities thwarted the progress. Amateurs and enthusiasts exerted their efforts to start the teaching of photography in Kyiv basing on the best practices of Western European education. In 1906 Mykola Petrov started his photography class in the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Next year the local publisher Vasyl Kulzhenko launched the photographic education in his school of the publishing industry. Kyiv became the first city in the Russian empire where one
could get secondary and higher education in the field of photography. This system ceased to exist soon after the Bolsheviks gained control over the territory of Ukraine in the early 1920th. During the next two decades, the photography was taught either in the cinematography schools or in the so-called amateur photographic laboratories. However, in general, the quality of photographic education during that period was rather poor. As the authors assume, this situation was caused by the fact that the Soviet authorities treated photography as a mean of
political propaganda, however, less important than the cinematography. Insufficient financial support as well as ideological pressure resulted in the decline of photographic education in Kyiv.
The paper deals with the history of art censorship in the Russian Empire, which started with the reform of 1865 and lasted until the Revolution of 1905, when the restrictive measure was officially abolished. The paper summarises the legislative measures that were taken by the government to control the distribution and display of the works of fine art. The authors point out that the censorship disapproved images that unfavourably represented the Russian monarchy, that glorified nationalist and revolutionary movements as well as those considered as threatening to the Orthodox Church or public morality. The authors conclude that the government attempted to implement a system of screening all the paintings, lithographs, and photographs before they were published or displayed. However, it achieved only limited success.
Історія цивілізації. Україна. ‒ Том 1: Від кіммерійців до Русі (X ст. до н.е. ‒ IX ст.) / Упоряд. М. Ю. Відейко. ‒ Харків: Фоліо, 2020. ‒ 586 с.
Анотація до видання:
На сторінках цього видання постають два тисячоліття історії на теренах сучасної України. Книга поділена на дві частини: перша охоплює період від Х cт. до н.е. до ІІІ ст., друга – від ІІІ ст. до ІХ ст. Зміст книги було розроблено з метою залучення до її написання широкого кола фахівців, які найкраще дослідили та розуміються на окремих питаннях. Під однією обкладинкою зібрані відомості про мову, релігію, міфологію, технічні досягнення, економіку, мистецтво та військову справу давніх часів. Книга містить чимало унікальної інформації, результати новітніх досліджень, деякі розділи стали першими ластівками у висвітленні певних тем у такому обсязі.
https://chtyvo.org.ua/authors/Videiko_Mykhailo/Istoriia_tsyvilizatsii_Ukraina_Tom_1_Vid_kimmeriitsiv_do_Rusi_X_st_do_n_e_IX_st/
http://mellenpress.com/book/Iron-Age-Celts-In-The-Territory-Of-Ukraine-And-Their-Influence-On-The-Cultures-Of-Local-Population-During-Third-Century-Bc-First-Century-Ad-Where-Gauls-And-Scythians-Met-And-Mingled/9233/
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1495504328/ref=cm_sw_r_fa_dp_t2_SQhYxb5SWZ19Q
CONTENTS and ABSTRACTS in PDF
У монографії розглядається широке коло питань, пов’язаних із перебуванням давніх кельтів у Карпато-Балканському регіоні та Східній Європі. Охарактеризовано вплив соціокультурних та політико-ідеологічних настанов модерної доби на формування наукових уявлень про кельтські народи. Із застосуванням методів етнології сформульовано підходи до вивчення кельтів як етнічної групи та їхніх міграцій у східному напрямку.Реконструйовано участь кельтів у процесах етнокультурної взаємодії з племенами й народами, які у давні часи населяли Південно-Східну Європу. Особливу увагу приділено питанням перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України, а також імовірним контактам кельтів зі слов’янами.
Книга присвячена малодослідженій темі перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України. На основі писемних, археологічних та лінгвістичних джерел висвітлюються особливості їхнього військового мистецтва. На тлі історії Східної Європи IV—I ст. до н.е. розкриваються шляхи проникнення кельтів на землі України, військово-політичні події, що відбувалися тут за їхньої участі, а також вплив кельтів на розвиток місцевих культур.
Для істориків, археологів, студентів та викладачів гуманітарних навчальних закладів, а також усіх, хто цікавиться військовою історією Європи та України за античної доби.
Для етнологів, істориків, викладачів та студентів вищих навчальних закладів, а також усіх тих, хто цікавиться історичним минулим України.
Feel free to contact me if you'd like to get the paper.
of artistic and scientific photography in Eastern Europe. Thus the lack of photographic education facilities thwarted the progress. Amateurs and enthusiasts exerted their efforts to start the teaching of photography in Kyiv basing on the best practices of Western European education. In 1906 Mykola Petrov started his photography class in the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Next year the local publisher Vasyl Kulzhenko launched the photographic education in his school of the publishing industry. Kyiv became the first city in the Russian empire where one
could get secondary and higher education in the field of photography. This system ceased to exist soon after the Bolsheviks gained control over the territory of Ukraine in the early 1920th. During the next two decades, the photography was taught either in the cinematography schools or in the so-called amateur photographic laboratories. However, in general, the quality of photographic education during that period was rather poor. As the authors assume, this situation was caused by the fact that the Soviet authorities treated photography as a mean of
political propaganda, however, less important than the cinematography. Insufficient financial support as well as ideological pressure resulted in the decline of photographic education in Kyiv.
The paper deals with the history of art censorship in the Russian Empire, which started with the reform of 1865 and lasted until the Revolution of 1905, when the restrictive measure was officially abolished. The paper summarises the legislative measures that were taken by the government to control the distribution and display of the works of fine art. The authors point out that the censorship disapproved images that unfavourably represented the Russian monarchy, that glorified nationalist and revolutionary movements as well as those considered as threatening to the Orthodox Church or public morality. The authors conclude that the government attempted to implement a system of screening all the paintings, lithographs, and photographs before they were published or displayed. However, it achieved only limited success.
Key words: Iron Age Celts, La Tène culture, Caesar, Posidonius of Apameia, druids, sacrifice, nobility, social structure.
Современные представления о кельтском обществе как о вертикальной социальной структуре с иерархически организованным жречеством и военной аристократией во главе основаны главным образом на сообщениях Посидония Апамейского и Юлия Цезаря. По мнению автора, оба они имели существенные основания преувеличивать роль друидов в политической жизни древних кельтов. Хотя археологические данные о погребальном обряде и жертвоприношениях кельтов подтверждают существование определенного религиозного единства кельтских племен от Атлантики до Малой Азии, нет никаких оснований считать, что друиды располагали беспрецедентной властью над обществом. Друиды никогда не выступали в качестве единой политической силы и, в целом, они не слишком отличались от жречества других обществ того же периода (в т. ч. римского). Также автор полагает, что идея поляризованного кельтского общества, управляемого прослойкой высокопоставленной аристократии, не соответствует археологическим источникам. Могильники и поселения эпохи среднего и позднего латена свидетельствуют о том, что общество древних кельтов было в большей степени эгалитарным и состояло из небольших групп с родовыми вождями во главе. В заключении автор подчеркивает, что необходимо отделять описания общественных институтов древних кельтов, составленные античными авторами, от данных о конкретных событиях, в которых эти институты были задействованы. Последняя группа свидетельств, как правило, хорошо согласуется с археологическими источниками.
https://www.e-anthropology.com/Katalog/Arheologia/STM_DWL_Q5jn_KfBu76o5xtdc.aspx
Key words: photographic exhibitions, pictorialism, artistic photography, Kyiv photographic society “Daguerre”, Mykola Petrov, Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky.
From the early 1860ties, both private persons who owned cameras and commercial photographic studios were placed under surveillance of the inspector of publishing facilities and bookstores. Professional photographers were obliged to put their names on all images they produced and keep an account of all their clients. Any photographic activity outside the studio required a special permission of the local authorities. Only members of the photographic societies were allowed to take pictures everywhere in Russia (with an exception of military objects and borderlands) having no certificate from the local governor’s office. Taking and publishing pictures of the ruling dynasty members and their residences required a special permission as well. The censorship controlled sharing of the photographic reproductions of the fine art works. The paintings, which (from the censor’s perspective) either propagated revolutionary and separatist ideas or threatened the reputation of the monarchy and Orthodox Church, were prevented from exhibiting. The local authorities used to confiscate the photographic reproductions of such paintings. As far as erotic materials were banned completely, the censors paid special attention to any photographic images depicting nudity. The author comes to conclusion, that despite the regulations were strict, the whole system of the state control over the photography was rather ineffective. Having no single law defining benchmarks for evaluating the pictures or even a list of the images banned throughout an empire, the censors used to act selectively. Furthermore, in big cities, such as Kyiv, they were too busy to control dozens of photographic studios and amateur photographers. As a result, both photographers and local civil servants ignored most of the regulations.
Key words: history of Ukraine, Ireland, 19th century, O’Connor, Irish ancestry, Napoleonic wars, Ukrainian national movement.
It is stated that the legend about Pohan-Divcha is widespread solely in the Trans-Carpathian area of Ukraine and some regions of Eastern Slovakia, where the presence of the Iron Age Celts is clearly proved. Pohan-Dicvcha’s connections with horse breeding make her character similar to Epona, the Celtic horse-rider goddess. At the same time, her struggle with the blacksmith’s disciple evokes associations with the Irish myth of Morrigan/Macha and her rival Cú Chulainn. The cult of Epona was widespread in the Danubian area. In particular, it is attested by the epigraphic sources among the Celticized tribe of Anarti which once populated the Trans-Carpathian region. On the other hand, the Thracian cult of Bendis, which included the ritual night horseracing with the torchlights, should also be considered as one of the possible sources of the Pohan-Divcha’s legend formation.
The article deals with the La Tène culture of the Trans-Carpathian region of today's Ukraine. Although the indigenous Thracian population was deeply involved in the cultural transition process, the emergence of the La Tène culture in the in the early 3rd century BC cannot be described in the terms of fashion or influence. The archaeological discoveries in the Upper Tisza region demonstrate the colonization carried out by the Celts from Central Europe in so far as their way of life differed significantly from the indigenous population. It caused vast and dramatic changes in the fields of settlement planning, metallurgy and pottery-making for the Upper Tisza valley inhabitants. Most of the Celtic sites in the Trans-Carpathian region ceased to exist not later than in the late 2nd to early 1st centuries BC, however some settlements survived the Burebista's raids in mid-first century BC. They contributed to the local Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii group formation at the turn of eras.