Mike Carson
University of Guam, Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC), Department Member
- Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Anthropological Archaeology, Coastal Studies, Human-Environment Relations, and 19 moreEnvironmental Archaeology, Coastal and Island Archaeology, Asia Pacific Region, Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology, Pacific Archaeology, Pacific Islands Archaeology, Coastal Geomorphology, Climate Change and Environmental Archaeology, Environmental Anthropology, Museum Anthropology, Public Archaeology, Applied Anthropology, Academic Writing, Videography, Visual Anthropology, Documentary Film, Documentary Filmmaking, Landscape Ecology, and Landscape Evolutionedit
- CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title for 2018
"Archaeology of Pacific Oceania: Inhabiting a Sea of Islands"edit
rchaeology of Pacific Oceania, now in its second edition, offers a state-of-the-art and fully detailed chronological narrative of how Pacific Oceania came to be inhabited over a long time scale, posing fundamental questions both for... more
rchaeology of Pacific Oceania, now in its second edition, offers a state-of-the-art and fully detailed chronological narrative of how Pacific Oceania came to be inhabited over a long time scale, posing fundamental questions both for Pacific Oceania and for global archaeology.
The Pacific Ocean covers 165 million sq. km, nearly one-third of the world’s total surface area, yet its thousands of islands and their diverse cultural histories are scarcely known to the other two-thirds of the world. This book asks how and why did this vast sea of islands come to be inhabited over the last several millennia, transcending significant change in ecology, demography, and society? What were the roles of overseas contacts in the development of social networks, economic trade, and population dynamics? What can any or all of the thousands of islands offer as ideal model systems for comprehending globally significant issues of human-environment relations and coping with changing circumstances of natural and cultural history? What do the island archaeology records reveal about coastal setting as part of the larger human experience? How does Pacific Oceanic archaeology relate with a larger Asia-Pacific context or with the scope of world archaeology? The new second edition of Archaeology of Pacific Oceania addresses these questions and more, providing an updated synthesis of this important region.
Archaeology of Pacific Oceania is for scholars of Asia-Pacific archaeology and anthropology and will support students investigating the archaeology of Pacific Oceania.
The Pacific Ocean covers 165 million sq. km, nearly one-third of the world’s total surface area, yet its thousands of islands and their diverse cultural histories are scarcely known to the other two-thirds of the world. This book asks how and why did this vast sea of islands come to be inhabited over the last several millennia, transcending significant change in ecology, demography, and society? What were the roles of overseas contacts in the development of social networks, economic trade, and population dynamics? What can any or all of the thousands of islands offer as ideal model systems for comprehending globally significant issues of human-environment relations and coping with changing circumstances of natural and cultural history? What do the island archaeology records reveal about coastal setting as part of the larger human experience? How does Pacific Oceanic archaeology relate with a larger Asia-Pacific context or with the scope of world archaeology? The new second edition of Archaeology of Pacific Oceania addresses these questions and more, providing an updated synthesis of this important region.
Archaeology of Pacific Oceania is for scholars of Asia-Pacific archaeology and anthropology and will support students investigating the archaeology of Pacific Oceania.
Research Interests:
• The long-term and complex story of the peopling of Pacific Oceania can be illustrated through several chronological steps in an "incremental growth model" • Islands are optimal places for finding the initial archaeological horizons of... more
• The long-term and complex story of the peopling of Pacific Oceania can be illustrated through several chronological steps in an "incremental growth model"
• Islands are optimal places for finding the initial archaeological horizons of when people first had lived in a region
• By identifying the oldest archaeological horizons in each island group across the region as a whole, a region-wide picture can emerge about the peopling of Oceania
• People had made short-distance travels into the large continental land masses and nearby islands since at least 50,000 years ago
• People successfully inhabited the remote-distance islands of Pacific Oceania after 1500 BC
• Islands are optimal places for finding the initial archaeological horizons of when people first had lived in a region
• By identifying the oldest archaeological horizons in each island group across the region as a whole, a region-wide picture can emerge about the peopling of Oceania
• People had made short-distance travels into the large continental land masses and nearby islands since at least 50,000 years ago
• People successfully inhabited the remote-distance islands of Pacific Oceania after 1500 BC
Research Interests:
What can we learn about the ancient landscapes of our world, and how can those lessons improve our future in the landscapes that we all inhabit? Those questions are addressed in this book, through a practical framework of concepts and... more
What can we learn about the ancient landscapes of our world, and how can those lessons improve our future in the landscapes that we all inhabit? Those questions are addressed in this book, through a practical framework of concepts and methods, combined with detailed case studies around the world.
Research Interests:
Book chapter "Ancient life in the Mariana Islands, from first settlement through the Latte period", appearing in conjunction with the museum exhibit "Let’s turn around the world" in commemoration of 500 years after the world's first... more
Book chapter "Ancient life in the Mariana Islands, from first settlement through the Latte period", appearing in conjunction with the museum exhibit "Let’s turn around the world" in commemoration of 500 years after the world's first circumnavigation
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Geoarchaeology, Pacific Island Studies, and 10 moreLandscape Archaeology, Museum Anthropology, Asia Pacific Region, Oceania (Archaeology), Oceania (Anthropology), Museums, Anthropological Archaeology, Oceania, Micronesia, and Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology
Spanish version of book chapter "Ancient life in the Mariana Islands, from first settlement through the Latte period", appearing in conjunction with the museum exhibit "Let’s turn around the world" in commemoration of 500 years after the... more
Spanish version of book chapter "Ancient life in the Mariana Islands, from first settlement through the Latte period", appearing in conjunction with the museum exhibit "Let’s turn around the world" in commemoration of 500 years after the world's first circumnavigation
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Museum Studies, Geoarchaeology, and 9 morePacific Island Studies, Landscape Archaeology, Museum Anthropology, Asia Pacific Region, Oceania (Archaeology), Cultural Heritage Management, Oceania (Anthropology), Museum and Heritage Studies, and Micronesia
When people first lived in remote tropical seashores, they developed novel adaptations for living in these extreme environments, including the use of a specialised octopus lure device. The evidence for this fishing tradition now can be... more
When people first lived in remote tropical seashores, they developed novel adaptations for living in these extreme environments, including the use of a specialised octopus lure device. The evidence for this fishing tradition now can be traced back as early as 1500–1100 BC in the Mariana Islands of Western Micronesia. New research has examined the artefacts of these compound lure devices, especially concerning the cut and drilled dorsum pieces of cowrie (Cypraea spp.) shells. Without this archaeological evidence, octopuses would have been undetected in the ancient deposits, and therefore a significant portion of past diet, innovative technology, and traditional practice would have been hidden from modern knowledge. The findings portray a broader and more realistic scene of ancient coastal communities, with implications beyond the confines of the specific island societies of the Pacific.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2021.1930134
https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2021.1930134
Research Interests:
FIRST PAGE ONLY ... see publisher's website for full access ... Radiocarbon (14 C) has been instrumental in clarifying how people came to inhabit the expanse of Pacific Oceania, now supporting an "incremental growth model" that shows a... more
FIRST PAGE ONLY ... see publisher's website for full access ...
Radiocarbon (14 C) has been instrumental in clarifying how people came to inhabit the expanse of Pacific Oceania, now supporting an "incremental growth model" that shows a number of long-distance sea-crossing migrations over the last few millennia. A crucial step in this narrative involved the initial settlement of the remote-distance Oceanic region, in the case of the Mariana Islands around 1500 BC. The Marianas case can be demonstrated through delineation of stratigraphic layers, dating of individual points or features within those layers, redundant dating of samples in secure contexts, localized and taxon-specific corrections for marine samples, and cross-constraining dating of superimposed layer sequences. Based on the technical and methodological lessons from the Marianas example, the further steps of the incremental growth model will continue to be refined across Pacific Oceania. Many of these issues may be relevant for broader research of ancient settlement horizons in other regions.
Radiocarbon (14 C) has been instrumental in clarifying how people came to inhabit the expanse of Pacific Oceania, now supporting an "incremental growth model" that shows a number of long-distance sea-crossing migrations over the last few millennia. A crucial step in this narrative involved the initial settlement of the remote-distance Oceanic region, in the case of the Mariana Islands around 1500 BC. The Marianas case can be demonstrated through delineation of stratigraphic layers, dating of individual points or features within those layers, redundant dating of samples in secure contexts, localized and taxon-specific corrections for marine samples, and cross-constraining dating of superimposed layer sequences. Based on the technical and methodological lessons from the Marianas example, the further steps of the incremental growth model will continue to be refined across Pacific Oceania. Many of these issues may be relevant for broader research of ancient settlement horizons in other regions.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Stratigraphy, Archaeological Method & Theory, and 11 moreArchaeological Stratigraphy, Asia Pacific Region, Oceania (Archaeology), Coastal and Island Archaeology, Archaeological Methodology, Pacific Islands, Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology), Pacific Islands Archaeology, Oceania, Asia Pacific Studies, and AMS radiocarbon dating, reservoir effect
Humans reached the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific by ∼3,500 y ago, contemporaneous with or even earlier than the initial peopling of Polynesia. They crossed more than 2,000 km of open ocean to get there, whereas voyages of similar... more
Humans reached the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific by ∼3,500 y ago, contemporaneous with or even earlier than the initial peopling of Polynesia. They crossed more than 2,000 km of open ocean to get there, whereas voyages of similar length did not occur anywhere else until more than 2,000 y later. Yet, the settlement of Polynesia has received far more attention than the settlement of the Marianas. There is uncertainty over both the origin of the first colonizers of the Marianas (with different lines of evidence suggesting variously the Philippines, Indonesia, New
Guinea, or the Bismarck Archipelago) as well as what, if any, relationship they might have had with the first colonizers of Polynesia. To address these questions, we obtained ancient DNA data from two skeletons from the Ritidian Beach Cave Site in northern Guam, dating to ∼2,200 y ago. Analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences and genome-wide SNP data strongly support ancestry from the Philippines, in agreement with some interpretations of the linguistic and archaeological evidence, but in contradiction to results based on computer simulations of sea voyaging. We also find a close link between the ancient Guam skeletons and early Lapita individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga, suggesting that the Marianas and Polynesia were colonized from the same source population, and raising the possibility that the Marianas played a role in the eventual settlement of Polynesia.
Guinea, or the Bismarck Archipelago) as well as what, if any, relationship they might have had with the first colonizers of Polynesia. To address these questions, we obtained ancient DNA data from two skeletons from the Ritidian Beach Cave Site in northern Guam, dating to ∼2,200 y ago. Analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences and genome-wide SNP data strongly support ancestry from the Philippines, in agreement with some interpretations of the linguistic and archaeological evidence, but in contradiction to results based on computer simulations of sea voyaging. We also find a close link between the ancient Guam skeletons and early Lapita individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga, suggesting that the Marianas and Polynesia were colonized from the same source population, and raising the possibility that the Marianas played a role in the eventual settlement of Polynesia.
Research Interests: Austronesian Languages, Southeast Asian Archaeology, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Guam History, Micronesia Archaeology, and 6 moreTaiwan Archaeology, Philippine Archaeology, Micronesia, Austronesian Prehistory, Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology, and commonwealth of the northern mariana islands
2020 published version, pending page numbers in "Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology", edited by Claire Smith and published by Springer ...
Research Interests: Geography, Archaeology, Anthropology, Geoarchaeology, Environmental Archaeology, and 12 morePacific Island Studies, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Coastal Geomorphology, Asia Pacific Region, Coastal and Island Archaeology, Sea Level, Pacific Archaeology, Holocene sea level change, Paleogeography, Geoarchaeology and Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions, and Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology
2020 published version, pending page numbers in "Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology", edited by Claire Smith and published by Springer ... The character and date of the earliest settlement of the remote Pacific Islands remains an... more
2020 published version, pending page numbers in "Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology", edited by Claire Smith and published by Springer ...
The character and date of the earliest settlement of
the remote Pacific Islands remains an important
research objective. Tracing human origins in
“Remote Oceania” reveals a series of west-to-east
migrations, ultimately from southern coastal
China before 6,000 years BP. In the far west of Micronesia, the Mariana
Islands have become known as the home of the
oldest archaeological sites of Remote Oceania,
dated 3,500–3,300 years BP.
The character and date of the earliest settlement of
the remote Pacific Islands remains an important
research objective. Tracing human origins in
“Remote Oceania” reveals a series of west-to-east
migrations, ultimately from southern coastal
China before 6,000 years BP. In the far west of Micronesia, the Mariana
Islands have become known as the home of the
oldest archaeological sites of Remote Oceania,
dated 3,500–3,300 years BP.
Research Interests:
*** CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title for 2018*** This book integrates a region-wide chronological narrative of the archaeology of Pacific Oceania. How and why did this vast sea of islands, covering nearly one-third of the world’s... more
*** CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title for 2018***
This book integrates a region-wide chronological narrative of the archaeology of Pacific Oceania. How and why did this vast sea of islands, covering nearly one-third of the world’s surface, come to be inhabited over the last several millennia, transcending significant change in ecology, demography, and society? What can any or all of the thousands of islands offer as ideal model systems toward comprehending globally significant issues of human-environment relations and coping with changing circumstances of natural and cultural history? A new synthesis of Pacific Oceanic archaeology addresses these questions, based largely on the author’s investigations throughout the diverse region.
https://www.routledge.com/Archaeology-of-Pacific-Oceania-Inhabiting-a-Sea-of-Islands/Carson/p/book/9781138097179
This book integrates a region-wide chronological narrative of the archaeology of Pacific Oceania. How and why did this vast sea of islands, covering nearly one-third of the world’s surface, come to be inhabited over the last several millennia, transcending significant change in ecology, demography, and society? What can any or all of the thousands of islands offer as ideal model systems toward comprehending globally significant issues of human-environment relations and coping with changing circumstances of natural and cultural history? A new synthesis of Pacific Oceanic archaeology addresses these questions, based largely on the author’s investigations throughout the diverse region.
https://www.routledge.com/Archaeology-of-Pacific-Oceania-Inhabiting-a-Sea-of-Islands/Carson/p/book/9781138097179
Research Interests: Cultural History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Pacific Island Studies, Archaeological Science, and 14 morePacific Oceania, Asia Pacific Region, Oceania (Archaeology), Cultural Heritage Management, Oceania (Anthropology), World Archaeology, Pacific Islands, Anthropological Archaeology, Pacific Islands Archaeology, Oceania, Archaeology and Education, Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology, ARCHAEOLOGY AND WORLD HERITAGE, and Oceanic Prehistory
Paleo-landscape investigations contextualize how people have inhabited and coevolved dynamically with their landforms, resource zones, and social-ecological niches during measured time intervals and through extended chronological... more
Paleo-landscape investigations contextualize how people have inhabited and coevolved dynamically with their landforms, resource zones, and social-ecological niches during measured time intervals and through extended chronological sequences. Toward illustrating this research potential, changing paleo-landscapes 2500–1500 BC reveal the ancient conditions of the places where people lived in both Taiwan and the northern Philippines, in this case exploring what transpired there during a critical time period that heralded deep transformation of the language history, cultural heritage, economic production, and population demography of Island Southeast Asia as known today. During the time range of interest, the region’s coastlines and habitat configurations were substantially different from today’s circumstances, prior to change in sea level, accelerated slope erosion, lowland sedimentary buildup, and some of the world’s most rapid recorded tectonic uplift. The results show that people in eastern Taiwan at 2200–2000 BC faced a crisis of limited suitable landforms for their particular mode of subsistence economy, thus instigating overseas migration to the northern Philippines as a means to expand into other territories, with continued effects through 1500 BC and thereafter.
Research Interests:
Changing sea level has been a major concern worldwide, and we can build stronger management policies if we can learn from real-life examples of how people have coped with these situations in the past, both successfully and unsuccessfully... more
Changing sea level has been a major concern worldwide, and we can build stronger management policies if we can learn from real-life examples of how people have coped with these situations in the past, both successfully and unsuccessfully in different ways. The archaeological and environmental records from the Pacific Islands offer exactly this opportunity, reviewed here in a new entry of the revised edition of the "Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology".
the long-term records from the Pacific offer exceptionally relevant information to learn how people throughout time have coped with these issues. The factual records and chronology are outlined here, with consideration of how people have coped with changing sea level and related issues, over long time scales in the Pacific Islands. This entry in the forthcoming edition of "Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology".
ADVANCE ONLINE VERSION, September 2018:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_2860-1
the long-term records from the Pacific offer exceptionally relevant information to learn how people throughout time have coped with these issues. The factual records and chronology are outlined here, with consideration of how people have coped with changing sea level and related issues, over long time scales in the Pacific Islands. This entry in the forthcoming edition of "Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology".
ADVANCE ONLINE VERSION, September 2018:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_2860-1
Research Interests: Landscape Ecology, Geography, Archaeology, Coastal Management, Geoarchaeology, and 15 moreEnvironmental Archaeology, Pacific Island Studies, Landscape Archaeology, Environmental History, Environmental Anthropology, Applied Anthropology, World History, Coastal Geomorphology, Asia Pacific Region, Coastal and Island Archaeology, Sea Level, Environmental Sustainability, Impact of climate change on sea level rise, Oceania (Anthropology), and Oceania
Announcing a pictorial book about the Ritidian Site of Guam, locally known as Litekyan … Carson, Mike T., Anthony Tamayo, Jr., Victoria-Lola M. Leon Guerrero, Brett Storie, Monique Storie, Mary E. Camacho, 2018. Lina‘la‘: Portraits of... more
Announcing a pictorial book about the Ritidian Site of Guam, locally known as Litekyan …
Carson, Mike T., Anthony Tamayo, Jr., Victoria-Lola M. Leon Guerrero, Brett Storie, Monique Storie, Mary E. Camacho, 2018. Lina‘la‘: Portraits of Litekyan. University of Guam Press, Mangilao.
https://store.uog.edu/linala-portraits-life-litekyan
Carson, Mike T., Anthony Tamayo, Jr., Victoria-Lola M. Leon Guerrero, Brett Storie, Monique Storie, Mary E. Camacho, 2018. Lina‘la‘: Portraits of Litekyan. University of Guam Press, Mangilao.
https://store.uog.edu/linala-portraits-life-litekyan
Research Interests:
Any framework of cultural history must build from a starting point of when people first lived in the Mariana Islands, what happened during that time, and then what occurred over the next several centuries until modern historically... more
Any framework of cultural history must build from a starting point of when people first lived in the Mariana Islands, what happened during that time, and then what occurred over the next several centuries until modern historically recorded times. Here we clarify the archaeological dating of first cultural presence in the islands at 1500 BC if not slightly earlier, and we summarize the evidence about what people did at that earliest time period. Next, we consider briefly about the extended archaeological record leading up through historical accounts of the late 1600s, specifically considering what aspects of cultural origins have persisted or have changed through time. This review concentrates on the contributions from archaeology, although other studies have offered supporting narratives.
Third Marianas History Conference, 2017, Book 2 of 3
access online through GUAMPEDIA
http://www.guampedia.com/3rd-marianas-history-conference-2017/
Third Marianas History Conference, 2017, Book 2 of 3
access online through GUAMPEDIA
http://www.guampedia.com/3rd-marianas-history-conference-2017/
Research Interests:
At the Unai Bapot Site of the Mariana Islands, new excavation has clarified the oldest known instance of a residential habitation prior to 1500 B.C. in the Remote Pacific, previously difficult to document in deeply buried layers that... more
At the Unai Bapot Site of the Mariana Islands, new excavation has clarified the oldest known instance of a residential habitation prior to 1500 B.C. in the Remote Pacific, previously difficult to document in deeply buried layers that originally had comprised near-tidal to shallow subtidal zones. The initial habitation at this site, as well as at others in the Mariana Islands, pre-dated the next Remote Oceanic archaeological evidence by about four centuries and in an entirely different part of the Pacific than previously had been claimed. The newest excavation at Unai Bapot in 2016 has revealed the precise location of an ancient seashore habitation, containing dense red-slipped pottery, other artefacts, food midden, and arrangements of hearths, pits, and post moulds in three distinguishable archaeological layers all pre-dating 1100 B.C. and extending just prior to 1500 B.C. The new discoveries are presented here in detail, as a substantive basis for learning about a rarely preserved event of the initial cultural inhabitation of a region, in this case in the Remote Oceanic environment of the world with its own set of unique challenges.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Southeast Asian Studies, Environmental Archaeology, Archaeological Stratigraphy, and 7 moreAsia Pacific Region, Southeast Asian Archaeology, Coastal and Island Archaeology, Oceania (Anthropology), Migrations (Archaeology), Pacific Islands, and Pacific Islands Archaeology
The Ritidian Site in Guam contains multiple layers and components that together reveal the full scope of traditional cultural heritage in the Mariana Islands in the northwest tropical Pacific since 1500 B.C., dating from the beginning of... more
The Ritidian Site in Guam contains multiple layers and components that together reveal the full scope of traditional cultural heritage in the Mariana Islands in the northwest tropical Pacific since 1500 B.C., dating from the beginning of human settlement of the Remote Pacific Islands. The material records of changing artefacts, sites, and landscapes here have been incorporated into a cohesive narrative in chronological order, mirroring the experience of visiting a museum to learn about the profound heritage of this special site and its larger research contributions. The primary data findings are presented as a translation or visitor’s guide of encountering a complex, multi-layered, and multi-vocal past.
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When people first inhabited the Remote Oceanic region of the world at 1500 B.C., they generated archaeological sites attesting to their practical coastal adaptations in tandem with their ceremonial traditions, wherein water figured... more
When people first inhabited the Remote Oceanic region of the world at 1500 B.C., they generated archaeological sites attesting to their practical coastal adaptations in tandem with their ceremonial traditions, wherein water figured vitally in daily living and ritual performance. Of eight known first settlement sites in the Mariana Islands, Ritidian in Guam uniquely incorporates one residential habitation plus two caves related to water collection, pictographs, consumption of unusual foods, and use of exceptionally decorative objects. The inter-connected findings clarify what was “special” about the special-use caves, in total articulating a fuller sense of cultural life and landscape than otherwise could be possible.
Research Interests: Landscape Ecology, Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Rock Art (Archaeology), Applied Archaeology, and 8 moreApplied Anthropology, Ecology, Archaeology of Caves and Caverns (Archaeospeleology), Pacific Islands Archaeology, Landscape and Rock Art, Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology, Geomorphology and landscape evolution, and Oceanic Prehistory
When people first inhabited the Remote Oceanic region of the world at 1500 B.C., they generated archaeological sites attesting to their practical coastal adaptations in tandem with their ceremonial traditions, wherein water figured... more
When people first inhabited the Remote Oceanic region of the world at 1500 B.C., they generated archaeological sites attesting to their practical coastal adaptations in tandem with their ceremonial traditions, wherein water figured vitally in daily living and ritual performance. Of eight known first settlement sites in the Mariana Islands, Ritidian in Guam uniquely incorporates one residential habitation plus two caves related to water collection, pictographs, consumption of unusual foods, and use of exceptionally decorative objects. The inter-connected findings clarify what was “special” about the special-use caves, in total articulating a fuller sense of cultural life and landscape than otherwise could be possible.
Research Interests:
The limestone cliff face overlooking the coastline of Ritidian, on Guam, has revealed several caves with evidence of human activities. Since 2011, archaeological survey and excavation have exposed how use of the caves had changed over... more
The limestone cliff face overlooking the coastline of Ritidian, on Guam, has revealed several caves with evidence of human activities. Since 2011, archaeological survey and excavation have exposed how use of the caves had changed over time, and that they were the focus of special behaviours, with quite distinct archaeology to that of nearby residential sites. To understand the significance of these caves fully, they must be contextualised within the broader framework of contemporary open-air sites. The result highlights the use of the caves for unique purposes at different times, including as water sources, venues for various art traditions and particular burial customs.
Research Interests: Cultural Geography, Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Rock Art (Archaeology), Oceania (Archaeology), and 7 moreOceania (Anthropology), Archaeology of Caves and Caverns (Archaeospeleology), Historical Ecology, Rock Art, Pacific Islands Archaeology, Landscape and Rock Art, and Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology
The limestone cliff face overlooking the coastline of Ritidian, on Guam, has revealed several caves with evidence of human activities. Since 2011, archaeological survey and excavation have exposed how use of the caves had changed over... more
The limestone cliff face overlooking the coastline of Ritidian, on Guam, has revealed several caves with evidence of human activities. Since 2011, archaeological survey and excavation have exposed how use of the caves had changed over time, and that they were the focus of special behaviours, with quite distinct archaeology to that of nearby residential sites. To understand the significance of these caves fully, they must be contextualised within the broader framework of contemporary open-air sites. The result highlights the use of the caves for unique purposes at different times, including as water sources, venues for various art traditions and particular burial customs.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Rock Art (Archaeology), Asia Pacific Region, and 11 moreOceania (Archaeology), Oceania (Anthropology), Ritual (Anthropology), Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, Prehistoric Art, Archaeology of Caves and Caverns (Archaeospeleology), Archaeology of Ritual, Prehistoric Rock Art, Oceania, Cave Archaeology, and Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology
Landscapes have been fundamental to the human experience world-wide and throughout time, yet how did we as human beings evolve or co-evolve with our landscapes? By answering this question, we can understand our place in the complex,... more
Landscapes have been fundamental to the human experience world-wide and throughout time, yet how did we as human beings evolve or co-evolve with our landscapes? By answering this question, we can understand our place in the complex, ever-changing world that we inhabit.
http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319313993
http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319313993
Research Interests: Landscape Ecology, Archaeology, Anthropology, Geoarchaeology, Environmental Archaeology, and 6 moreLandscape Archaeology, Southeast Asian Archaeology, Oceania (Anthropology), Geoarchaeology and Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions, Pacific Islands Archaeology, and Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology
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People migrate to, from and through regions that may be defined alternately as receivers, homelands or gateways.We propose to consider all three of these components as a unit, in an analogy with semiconductors that could amplify, alter or... more
People migrate to, from and through regions that may be defined alternately as receivers, homelands or gateways.We propose to consider all three of these components as a unit, in an analogy with semiconductors that could amplify, alter or covert the flow of migrations. We examine two migrations related to Taiwan, beginning with a flow from coastal south-east China to Taiwan by 4000 BC and then continuing with another migration from Taiwan into Island Southeast Asia by 2000 BC. Reasons for these migrations have been debated in terms of their stemming from population increase, land-dependent agricultural expansion, ambitious founder ideology and environmental change or instability. Rather than dispute the authenticity of these prime movers, we consider the mechanics of migration through semiconductor theory that may be applied to any region in terms of the energy flow of migrations interacting with other phenomena of the geographic and social context.
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The royal court of the Kamehameha Dynasty in Kawaihae, Hawai‘i Island, presents an unequalled opportunity to examine the ethnohistoric rendering of a cultural landscape, in comparison to the geoarchaeological record of physical... more
The royal court of the Kamehameha Dynasty in Kawaihae, Hawai‘i Island, presents an unequalled opportunity to examine the ethnohistoric rendering of a cultural landscape, in comparison to the geoarchaeological record of physical
transformation of this same landscape. Beneath the surface, earlier occupation layers predate the historic royal precinct of the A.D. 1790s through 1820s. Drawing on results of 19 controlled excavations, point-specific cultural activities are situated within the last several centuries of natural terrain formation, beginning A.D. 1200–1400 and ending A.D. 1830–present. Geoarchaeological excavations provide the means to place the stratified cultural deposits, occupational horizons, and activity areas in the context of depositional history, environmental transformation, and changing social circumstances in a continuous sequence. The material-based geoarchaeological landscape chronology and the ethnohistorically defined cultural landscape are combined for a more holistic view than either one could provide independently.
transformation of this same landscape. Beneath the surface, earlier occupation layers predate the historic royal precinct of the A.D. 1790s through 1820s. Drawing on results of 19 controlled excavations, point-specific cultural activities are situated within the last several centuries of natural terrain formation, beginning A.D. 1200–1400 and ending A.D. 1830–present. Geoarchaeological excavations provide the means to place the stratified cultural deposits, occupational horizons, and activity areas in the context of depositional history, environmental transformation, and changing social circumstances in a continuous sequence. The material-based geoarchaeological landscape chronology and the ethnohistorically defined cultural landscape are combined for a more holistic view than either one could provide independently.
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A chronological view reveals that the impressively extensive and high-density agricultural field systems in the Hawaiian Islands were constructed primarily after AD 1400, about 400 years after the oldest known archaeological evidence of... more
A chronological view reveals that the impressively extensive and high-density agricultural field systems in the Hawaiian Islands were constructed primarily after AD 1400, about 400 years after the oldest known archaeological evidence of the first successfully permanent settlement by sea-crossing Polynesian voyagers. Archaeological details are examined for one of the most spectacular examples of a land-consuming Hawaiian agricultural complex, comprised of irrigated terraces covering the valley floors of the Halele`a District of Kaua`i. The development of intensive food-producing systems may be related to several factors of climate change, population growth and density, and cultural ways of viewing the natural world.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Pacific Island Studies, Oceania (Archaeology), Pacific Archaeology, and 6 moreHawaiian Studies, Pacific Islands Archaeology, Hawaiian archaeology, Spatial Distribution and settlement patterns in archaeology and architecture, Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology, and Archaeology of Agriculture
This work integrates information about the architectural ruins, ethnohistory, and paleo-environmental evidence related to the `Alekoko Fishpond in Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. The fishpond most likely was built close to AD 1400, related to... more
This work integrates information about the architectural ruins, ethnohistory, and paleo-environmental evidence related to the `Alekoko Fishpond in Kaua`i, Hawaiian Islands. The fishpond most likely was built close to AD 1400, related to larger issues in land-use patterns at that time. It is remembered today in varied ways, all equally important for learning about the past and how those lessons are relevant for our current and future issues.
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The most westerly Pacific island chain, running from Taiwan southwards through the Philippines, has long been central in debates about the origins and early migrations of Austronesian-speaking peoples from the Asian mainland into the... more
The most westerly Pacific island chain, running from Taiwan southwards through the Philippines, has long been central in debates about the origins and early migrations of Austronesian-speaking peoples from the Asian mainland into the islands of Southeast Asia and Oceania. Focusing on the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon in the Philippines, the authors combine new and published radiocarbon dates to underpin a revised culture-historical synthesis. The results speak to the initial contacts and long-term relationships between Indigenous hunter-gatherers and immigrant Neolithic farmers, and the question of how the early speakers of Malayo-Polynesian languages spread into and through the Philippines.
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This study presents the first directly dated physical evidence of crop remains from the Early Neolithic archaeological layers in Taiwan. Systematic sampling and analysis of macro-plant remains suggested that Neolithic farmers at the... more
This study presents the first directly dated physical evidence of crop remains from the Early Neolithic archaeological layers in Taiwan. Systematic sampling and analysis of macro-plant remains suggested that Neolithic farmers at the Zhiwuyuan (Botanical Garden) site in Taipei, northern Taiwan, had cultivated rice and foxtail millet together at least 4,500 years ago. A more comprehensive review of all related radiocarbon dates suggests that agriculture emerged in Taiwan around 4,800-4,600 cal. BP, instead of the previous claim of 5,000 cal. BP. According to the rice grain metrics from three study sites of Zhiwuyuan, Dalongdong, and Anhe, the rice cultivated in northern and western-central Taiwan was mainly a short-grained type of the japonica subspecies, similar to the discoveries from the southeast coast of mainland China and the middle Yangtze valley. These new findings support the hypothesis that the southeast coast of mainland China was the origin of proto-Austronesian people who brought their crops and other cultural traditions across the Taiwan Strait 4,800 years ago and eventually farther into Island Southeast Asia.
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A set of unique circumstances created a durable archaeological record of ancient human migration from Southeast Asia to Remote Oceania, useful as a global model of population dispersals. Finely made pottery with a very specific decorative... more
A set of unique circumstances created a durable archaeological record of ancient human migration from Southeast Asia to Remote Oceania, useful as a global model of population dispersals. Finely made pottery with a very specific decorative signature is found in multiple locations in the Philippines and western Oceania, constituting a shared cultural trait that can be traced, both geographically and chronologically, to a specific homeland. Especially important for human migration models, this decorated pottery is linked to a system of cultural origin, so the spread as a diagnostic tradition can be related to the spread of a cultural group. Even more important, this decorated pottery appeared with the first peopling of the remote Pacific Islands, thus providing a clear and datable chronicle of where and when people spread from one location to another. The pottery trail points to a homeland in the Philippine Neolithic about 2000–1800 BC, followed by expansion into the remote Mariana Islands 1500 BC, and then slightly later into the Lapita world of Melanesia and Polynesia.
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Archaeobotanical studies tend to concentrate on the evidence for specialised agricultural food production, with less attention directed towards the use of plant foods within hunter-gatherer contexts. Here, the authors present evidence for... more
Archaeobotanical studies tend to concentrate on the evidence for specialised agricultural food production, with less attention directed towards the use of plant foods within hunter-gatherer contexts. Here, the authors present evidence for the exploitation of Canarium nuts from four late hunter-gatherer sites in southern China. Canarium nuts contributed to the inhabitants’ diets from as early as 9000 cal BP. They also identify new uses of Canarium, c. 4500–4400 cal BP, as ritual offerings in the context of the introduction of rice and millet farming. The results are examined in the context of Canarium use across the wider Asia-Pacific region.
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Preserved ancient botanical evidence in the form of rice phytoliths has confirmed that people farmed domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) in the interior of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, by at least 3,500 years ago. This discovery helps to... more
Preserved ancient botanical evidence in the form of rice phytoliths has confirmed that people farmed domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) in the interior of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, by at least 3,500 years ago. This discovery helps to resolve a mystery about one of the region’s major events in natural and cultural history, by documenting when rice farming spread into Indonesia, ultimately from a source in mainland China. At the Minanga Sipakko site in Sulawesi, preserved leaf and husk phytoliths of rice show the diagnostic morphology of domesticated varieties, and the discarded husks indicate on-site processing of the crops. The phytoliths were contained within an undisturbed, subsurface archaeological layer of red-slipped pottery, a marker for an evidently sudden cultural change in the region that multiple radiocarbon results extend back to 3,500 years ago. The results from Minanga Sipakko allow factual evaluation of previously untested hypotheses about the timing, geographic pattern, and cultural context of the spread of rice farming into Indonesia, as well as the contribution of external immigrants in this process.
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Located in the key junction between mainland China and Island Southeast Asia, Taiwan is of great significance for our understanding of the southeastward dispersal of rice agriculture in the prehistoric period. Until now, quite limited... more
Located in the key junction between mainland China and Island Southeast Asia, Taiwan is of great significance for our understanding of the southeastward dispersal of rice agriculture in the prehistoric period. Until now, quite limited archaeobotanical work has been done in this region. In eastern Taiwan, no archaeological evidence of rice agriculture has been obtained, probably owing to the poor preservation conditions for plant macroremains. Here, we report a new discovery of 4200-year-old domesticated rice remains at the Chaolaiqiao site, which for the first time in detail demonstrates the ancient practice of rice agriculture in this area. Based on a combination of factors that include a rice-based plant subsistence strategy, the mid-Holocene limits to available farmland and the fast-growing Taiwan Neolithic population from settlement pattern data, we infer that this contradiction in eastern Taiwan between land-dependent agriculture and limited suitable farmland encouraged a population movement out of Taiwan during the Middle Neolithic period.
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Research Interests: Archaeology, Zooarchaeology, Archaeozoology, Gallus gallus, Ancient DNA Research, and 14 moreMultidisciplinary, Domestication (Zooarchaeology), Pacific Archaeology, Animal domestication, Mitochondrial DNA, Humans, Haplotypes, Fossils, Chicken, Animals, Ancient DNA, PLoS one, Chickens, and preCoiumbian chicken
Data from morphology, linguistics, history, and archaeology have all been used to trace the dispersal of chickens from Asian domestication centers to their current global distribution. Each provides a unique perspective which can aid in... more
Data from morphology, linguistics, history, and archaeology have all been used to trace the dispersal of chickens from Asian
domestication centers to their current global distribution. Each provides a unique perspective which can aid in the
reconstruction of prehistory. This study expands on previous investigations by adding a temporal component from ancient
DNA and, in some cases, direct dating of bones of individual chickens from a variety of sites in Europe, the Pacific, and the
Americas. The results from the ancient DNA analyses of forty-eight archaeologically derived chicken bones provide support
for archaeological hypotheses about the prehistoric human transport of chickens. Haplogroup E mtDNA signatures have
been amplified from directly dated samples originating in Europe at 1000 B.P. and in the Pacific at 3000 B.P. indicating
multiple prehistoric dispersals from a single Asian centre. These two dispersal pathways converged in the Americas where
chickens were introduced both by Polynesians and later by Europeans. The results of this study also highlight the
inappropriate application of the small stretch of D-loop, traditionally amplified for use in phylogenetic studies, to
understanding discrete episodes of chicken translocation in the past. The results of this study lead to the proposal of four
hypotheses which will require further scrutiny and rigorous future testing.
domestication centers to their current global distribution. Each provides a unique perspective which can aid in the
reconstruction of prehistory. This study expands on previous investigations by adding a temporal component from ancient
DNA and, in some cases, direct dating of bones of individual chickens from a variety of sites in Europe, the Pacific, and the
Americas. The results from the ancient DNA analyses of forty-eight archaeologically derived chicken bones provide support
for archaeological hypotheses about the prehistoric human transport of chickens. Haplogroup E mtDNA signatures have
been amplified from directly dated samples originating in Europe at 1000 B.P. and in the Pacific at 3000 B.P. indicating
multiple prehistoric dispersals from a single Asian centre. These two dispersal pathways converged in the Americas where
chickens were introduced both by Polynesians and later by Europeans. The results of this study also highlight the
inappropriate application of the small stretch of D-loop, traditionally amplified for use in phylogenetic studies, to
understanding discrete episodes of chicken translocation in the past. The results of this study lead to the proposal of four
hypotheses which will require further scrutiny and rigorous future testing.
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Long-distance coastal interactions have shaped much of world history, most evident in social and economic ties through sea-lanes and traderoutes that connect to other regions and potentially throughout the world. In this way, separate... more
Long-distance coastal interactions have shaped much of world history, most evident in social and economic ties through sea-lanes and traderoutes that connect to other regions and potentially throughout the world. In this way, separate coastal communities on distant shores of the same sea, lake, river, or ocean can sharemore in commonwith each other than with their adjacent inland neighbors. The South China Sea presents one case in point, where cultural practices and histories have been shared across remotely separated areas but not necessarily among nearest-neighbor communities. The South China Sea has been one of the world’s busiest zones of cross-regional commerce, at least since the Iron Age if not much earlier. During the operation of the so-called Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere, about 500BCthroughAD100, sites in both Mainland and Island Southeast Asia shared distinctive styles of pottery, precious-stone and baked-clay jewelry, and other tangible markers of a sea-crossing trading network. Upon closer examination, the evidence from Vietnam and the Philippines suggests origins of cross-regional exchange at least as early as 1500 BC. Over time, different items were mobilized into systems that emphasized the same long-distance contact nodes in shifting configurations, creating complicated and evolving networks.Herewe consider how trading partnerships were formed and maintained over successive generations and centuries, made possible by social and economic networking across the South China Sea.
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The Neolithic of Taiwan represents the first stage in the expansion of Austronesianspeaking peoples through the Pacific. Settlement and burial evidence from the Tapenkeng (TKP) or Dabenkeng culture demonstrates the development of the... more
The Neolithic of Taiwan represents the first stage in the expansion of Austronesianspeaking peoples through the Pacific. Settlement and burial evidence from the Tapenkeng (TKP) or Dabenkeng culture demonstrates the development of the early Taiwanese Neolithic over a period of almost 2000 years, from its origin in the pre-TPK of the Pearl River Delta and south-eastern coastal China. The first TPK communities of Taiwan pursued a mixed coastal foraging
and horticultural lifestyle, but by the late TPK rice and millet farming were practised with extensive villages and large settlements. The broad-spectrum subsistence diversity of
the Taiwanese Neolithic was an important factor in facilitating the subsequent expansion of Austronesian-speaking peoples to the Philippines and beyond.
Keywords: Taiwan, Austronesian dispersal, Tapenkeng (Dabenkeng), broad-spectrum foraging, rice farming, human migration
Online supplementary material is provided at http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/hung342
and horticultural lifestyle, but by the late TPK rice and millet farming were practised with extensive villages and large settlements. The broad-spectrum subsistence diversity of
the Taiwanese Neolithic was an important factor in facilitating the subsequent expansion of Austronesian-speaking peoples to the Philippines and beyond.
Keywords: Taiwan, Austronesian dispersal, Tapenkeng (Dabenkeng), broad-spectrum foraging, rice farming, human migration
Online supplementary material is provided at http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/hung342
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The authors compare pottery assemblages in the Marianas and the Philippines to claim endorsement for a first human expansion into the open Pacific around 1500 BC. The Marianas are separated from the Philippines by 2300km of open sea, so... more
The authors compare pottery assemblages in the Marianas and the Philippines to claim endorsement for a first human expansion into the open Pacific around 1500 BC. The Marianas are separated from the Philippines by 2300km of open sea, so they are proposing an epic pioneering voyage of men and women, with presumably some cultivated plants but apparently no animals. How did they manage this unprecedented journey?
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The book “Archaeology of Pacific Oceania: Inhabiting a Sea of Islands,” written by University of Guam faculty member Michael T. Carson, was selected for a 2018 “Outstanding Academic Title” award by Choice, a publishing unit of the... more
The book “Archaeology of Pacific Oceania: Inhabiting a Sea of Islands,” written by University of Guam faculty member Michael T. Carson, was selected for a 2018 “Outstanding Academic Title” award by Choice, a publishing unit of the Association of College & Research Libraries and a leading evaluator of nonfiction academic writing. The distinction is given to 10% of the 6,000 titles that Choice reviews each year.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Cultural History, Southeast Asian Studies, Geoarchaeology, Pacific Island Studies, and 9 moreApplied Anthropology, World History, Asia Pacific Region, Oceania (Archaeology), Southeast Asian Archaeology, Oceania (Anthropology), Book Reviews, Cultural history of the Ancient world, and Achaeology
2018 Interview, Carson and Flad, Co-Editors of "Asian Perspectives: Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific", published by University of Hawaii Press
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In continuing efforts to share archaeology information with the public, Clynt Ridgell and the team at Pacific News Center (PNC) prepared this short television news segment in Guam, concerning the availability of new books ...
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As part of public outreach and education of archaeology, Clynt Ridgell of Pacific News Center prepared this report about two new books. Both titles are available online for free from the publisher, Archaeopress. The news report is... more
As part of public outreach and education of archaeology, Clynt Ridgell of Pacific News Center prepared this report about two new books. Both titles are available online for free from the publisher, Archaeopress. The news report is provided here, along with the weblinks for access to the online copies of both books.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Anthropology, Southeast Asian Studies, Landscape Archaeology, Applied Anthropology, and 8 moreAsia Pacific Region, Southeast Asian Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Management, Community Archaeology, Pacific Islands, Pacific Islands Archaeology, Public Outreach, and Pacific and Island Southeast Asian Archaeology
Public involvement in archaeology has been growing ever stronger at the Ritidian Site, locally known as Litekyan, in the Ritidian Unit of Guam National Wildlife Refuge (GNWR). US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has developed sets of... more
Public involvement in archaeology has been growing ever stronger at the Ritidian Site, locally known as Litekyan, in the Ritidian Unit of Guam National Wildlife Refuge (GNWR). US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has developed sets of public-access hiking trails, an indoors Nature Center with information and activities, and other sets of specially guided tours of the archaeological sites and preserved landscapes in the Refuge. In addition to the ongoing community outreach activities, GNWR hosted “Archaeology Day” on 17 June 2017, with even more special activities for children, families, and all visitors. Among the media reports, Clynt Ridgell of the Pacific News Center prepared an announcement, and Jason Salas of KUAM accommodated a televised news interview.
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In my view as an archaeologist, public outreach begins with sharing accurate information and welcoming public opinions. One example has been with an ongoing project in Saipan of the Mariana Islands, involving a series of public... more
In my view as an archaeologist, public outreach begins with sharing accurate information and welcoming public opinions. One example has been with an ongoing project in Saipan of the Mariana Islands, involving a series of public presentations, most recently in December 2016 with a 45-minute presentation followed by nearly 90 minutes of public discussion. A summary of the event was reported in the Saipan Tribune by Michael T. Santos.
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I wrote my 2016 book "Archaeological Landscape Evolution" for a broad readership. While some of the technical parts bear extra value for specialists in landscape archaeology and environmental science, the work overall speaks to people... more
I wrote my 2016 book "Archaeological Landscape Evolution" for a broad readership. While some of the technical parts bear extra value for specialists in landscape archaeology and environmental science, the work overall speaks to people with general interests. As part of making the broader potential readership aware of the book, Alexie Zotomayor composed this news story for "Guam Daily Post" ...
http://www.postguam.com/news/local/the-changing-world-we-inhabit/article_105ca854-3ecf-11e6-971f-3bcf349391ee.html
http://www.postguam.com/news/local/the-changing-world-we-inhabit/article_105ca854-3ecf-11e6-971f-3bcf349391ee.html
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Public outreach and information-sharing have been strong components of the last several years of archaeological investigations in the Mariana Islands. Part of this effort involves news reports from a local perspective and accessible to... more
Public outreach and information-sharing have been strong components of the last several years of archaeological investigations in the Mariana Islands. Part of this effort involves news reports from a local perspective and accessible to the immediate communities, such as reported here by Alexie Zotomayor in "Pacific Island Times" ...
http://www.pacificislandtimes.com/single-post/2016/11/09/A-Chamorro-odyssey
http://www.pacificislandtimes.com/single-post/2016/11/09/A-Chamorro-odyssey
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News media can enhance the ability of archaeologists to engage with the public, clarify about their actual findings, and make their work relevant in daily life. One such example was hosted by Ray Gibson of Guam’s K-57 Radio, on 9... more
News media can enhance the ability of archaeologists to engage with the public, clarify about their actual findings, and make their work relevant in daily life. One such example was hosted by Ray Gibson of Guam’s K-57 Radio, on 9 September 2015, discussing with Dr. Mike Carson about his research. The audio archive is available in two parts, total 43 minutes, with options of online streaming or file download.
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As part of the ongoing public outreach of archaeological research, news media reports have communicated accurate, respectful, and engaging information about the Ritidian Site in Guam. A few of the television reports from 2015 provide... more
As part of the ongoing public outreach of archaeological research, news media reports have communicated accurate, respectful, and engaging information about the Ritidian Site in Guam. A few of the television reports from 2015 provide examples of how archaeologists can work productively with journalists.
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Public interest continues at the Ritidian Site in Guam, as an opportunity for community engagement and involvement in heritage studies. News media reports have been instrumental for providing relevant and factual information for the... more
Public interest continues at the Ritidian Site in Guam, as an opportunity for community engagement and involvement in heritage studies. News media reports have been instrumental for providing relevant and factual information for the public.
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An ancient village site in Guam provides an opportunity for public appreciation and education, with controlled-access tours as managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. In June 2015, news reporters, politicians, community leaders, and... more
An ancient village site in Guam provides an opportunity for public appreciation and education, with controlled-access tours as managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. In June 2015, news reporters, politicians, community leaders, and others participated in the first official guided tour. More details ... http://www.guampdn.com/story/news/2015/06/19/researchers-rediscover-ancient-chamorro-village-at-ritidian-0620/28972905/
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As an example of public outreach and education, this summary of archaeological research was printed in "Guam Daily Post" 10 April 2016.