- Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología.
Universidad de Salamanca.
Facultad de Geografía e Historia.
C/ Cervantes s.n. 37002
Salamanca
Pablo C. Diaz
University of Salamanca, Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Department Member
- Late Antiquity, Late Antiquity, Visigothic Spain, Visigothic Spain, Early Medieval Monasticism, Monasticism, Byzantine Studies, and 5 moreBarbarians societies, Late Antiquity, Ethnogenesis, Funerary World, Goths, Vandals, Sueves, Alans, Galician Studies, Early Christianity, Late Antique and Byzantine Studies, and Barbarians and Romans in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Agesedit
- Professor in Ancient History - University of Salamancaedit
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Cuando leemos la obra enciclopédica de Isidoro de Sevilla da la sensación de que la medicina clásica había llegado al mundo visigodo plena de racionalidad, como un conocimiento erudito y bien asentado. Sin embargo, cuando se buscan las... more
Cuando leemos la obra enciclopédica de Isidoro de Sevilla da la sensación de que la medicina clásica había llegado al mundo visigodo plena de racionalidad, como un conocimiento erudito y bien asentado. Sin embargo, cuando se buscan las evidencias de la práctica médica esta resulta más difícil de atestiguar. El médico se presenta como una figura excepcional y sus cuidados dirigidos a una minoría privilegiada. Cuando Isidoro enfrenta la enfermedad en su obra monástica parece claro que la salud del monje es objeto de su preocupación, pero enseguida apreciamos que su propio concepto de la enfermedad y sus causas ha tomado otros derroteros. La enfermedad ya no es solo una alteración del equilibrio del cuerpo, la enfermedad puede convertirse en una prueba de la desaprobación de Dios. Dentro de las opciones curativas propuestas por Isidoro en sus Etimologías: la dieta, el uso de medicamentos y la cirugía, solo la primera parece aplicarse en el contexto monástico. Esta opción, que es común al resto de la literatura ascética y de las reglas del entorno, deviene tanto en un vehículo de prevención de enfermedades, como en un objeto de disciplina moral y de control de la voluntad de los monjes.
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La administración del reino visigodo remite reiteradamente a la estruc-tura provincial como parte inherente de su funcionamiento político, jurídico y fiscal. Sin embargo, cuando se intenta constatar el nivel prác-tico de esa articulación... more
La administración del reino visigodo remite reiteradamente a la estruc-tura provincial como parte inherente de su funcionamiento político, jurídico y fiscal. Sin embargo, cuando se intenta constatar el nivel prác-tico de esa articulación provincial da la sensación de que la provincia es una entidad absolutamente imprecisa, tanto en la estructuración de su organigrama, como en sus atribuciones efectivas. Más allá del ámbito de aplicación de la justicia, quizás del encuadramiento militar, da la sen-sación de que las provincias apenas tenían una entidad administrativa independiente, no parecen desempeñar papel alguno en el ámbito fiscal y estaban sometidas a los designios de un poder real cada vez más cen-tralizado en torno a la corte. Una indefinición que alcanza igualmente a la delimitación geográfica variable de la demarcación provincial y a su mismo número.
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Las irrupciones bárbaras que a partir del 405 rompieron las defensas del Rin tuvieron sobre el Imperio romano de Occidente un efecto devastador, que se sumó a las incursiones que desde tres décadas antes habían tenido sobre el área... more
Las irrupciones bárbaras que a partir del 405 rompieron las defensas del Rin tuvieron sobre el Imperio romano de Occidente un efecto devastador, que se sumó a las incursiones que desde tres décadas antes habían tenido sobre el área balcánica y que culminaron con el asalto de Alarico sobre la ciudad de Roma en el 410. En las dos décadas siguientes, la administración imperial se debatió entre la resistencia y la pretensión de mantener una apariencia de normalidad que la cesión de la Galia meridional a los visigodos y la pérdida de África a manos de los vándalos hicieron imposible.
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RESUMEN: La única institución política claramente definida y regulada en la histo-ria visigoda fue la monarquía, y cualquiera otra a la que podamos aludir fueron, o bien instrumentos políticos de la monarquía o, en función de las... more
RESUMEN: La única institución política claramente definida y regulada en la histo-ria visigoda fue la monarquía, y cualquiera otra a la que podamos aludir fueron, o bien instrumentos políticos de la monarquía o, en función de las relaciones de fuerza con el clero y la aristocracia, mecanismos de limitación o control de su poder. Parece claro que la monarquía visigoda fue una institución política. Por medio de una acumulación de tales instituciones una sociedad con una estructura compleja, caso de la sociedad visigoda, administra sus recursos, impone y recauda impuestos, limita o abusa de su poder, legisla y administra justicia, para lo cual se dota de una burocracia y un ejérci-to... La institucionalización de la monarquía visigoda fue un largo proceso interrumpi-do por la invasión musulmana, pero los indicios de la última etapa del reino parecen mostrarnos un proceso de desintegración centrífuga con una imposición cada vez mayor de los intereses privados frente a los públicos, y donde la monarquía se mostra-ba cada vez más débil. SUMMARY: The only clearly defined and regulated political institution in the History of the Visigoths was the Monarchy, and the others that we can refer to were either political instruments of the Monarchy, or regarding its relations of power with the clergy and the aristocracy, mechanisms for limiting or controlling its power. It seems clear that the Visigothic Monarchy is a political institution, an organ of government. By means of an accumulation of these institutions, a society with a complex structure, as was the case of the Visigothic society, administers its resources, imposes and collects taxes, limits or abuses its power, legislates and administrates justice and creates a bureaucracy, and an army, for dealing with all these activities. The institutionalisation of the Visigothic Monarchy was a long process that was interrupted by the Moslem invasion, but the evidence from the last stages of the kingdom seems to present a process of centrifugal disintegration with an ever greater imposition of private interests over public ones, and where the Monarchy was becoming weaker and weaker.
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La omnipresencia del priscilianismo en la Hispania tardorromana ha llevado a interpretar desde ese prisma cualquier acusación herética recogida en las fuentes. Sin embargo, es posible que tras las denuncias de maniqueísmo se ocultasen... more
La omnipresencia del priscilianismo en la Hispania tardorromana ha llevado a interpretar desde ese prisma cualquier acusación herética recogida en las fuentes. Sin embargo, es posible que tras las denuncias de maniqueísmo se ocultasen imposturas diversas cuyo contenido herético queda así desdibujado. Esto resulta evidente en la correspondencia de Toribio de Astorga, aunque también lo es que una postura anti-priscilianista era una buena oportunidad para afianzar la propia posición de poder presentándose como defensor de la ortodoxia y perseguidor de los seguidores de Prisciliano.
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RESUMEN: Tradicionalmente se asocia el elevado número de cecas visigodas de Gallaecia, entre los años 585 y 650 aproximadamente, con supuestas campañas militares o con la continuidad de la minería de oro. El artículo considera que deben... more
RESUMEN: Tradicionalmente se asocia el elevado número de cecas visigodas de Gallaecia, entre los años 585 y 650 aproximadamente, con supuestas campañas militares o con la continuidad de la minería de oro. El artículo considera que deben entenderse como un fenómeno de carácter administrativo: una consecuencia de la asimilación por parte del reino visigodo del sistema suevo de ordenación territorial, articulado de forma descentralizada en torno a una gran multiplicidad de centros repartidos por práctica-mente todo el territorio provincial, esquema que chocaba con aquel conocido y utilizado por el fisco y la administración visigodos. Palabras clave. Suevos. Visigodos. Cecas. Administración política.
ABSTRACT: The high number of Visigothic mints in Gallaecia, approximately between the years 585 and 650, has been traditionally related to either probable military campaigns or the continuity in gold mining. This paper states that they must be understood as an administrative-type phenomenon: a consequence of the assimilation by the Visigothic kingdom of the previous Sueve territorial scheme, articulated in a decentralised way through a high number of centres distributed along the whole provincial territory. This scheme crashed with that one known and used by the Visigoths.
ABSTRACT: The high number of Visigothic mints in Gallaecia, approximately between the years 585 and 650, has been traditionally related to either probable military campaigns or the continuity in gold mining. This paper states that they must be understood as an administrative-type phenomenon: a consequence of the assimilation by the Visigothic kingdom of the previous Sueve territorial scheme, articulated in a decentralised way through a high number of centres distributed along the whole provincial territory. This scheme crashed with that one known and used by the Visigoths.
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Díaz Martínez, P. C. (1993). El alcance de la ocupación sueva de Gallaecia y el problema de la germanización. Galicia: da Romanidade á Xermanización. Problemas históricos e culturais, 209-26.
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The coexistence of the diocesan Church and monasteries in Late Antiquity was not always easy. The exceptional nature of monasticism posed a challenge to the disciplinary unit that revolved around bishops. Visigothic councils, in keeping... more
The coexistence of the diocesan Church and monasteries in Late Antiquity was not always easy. The exceptional nature of monasticism posed a challenge to the disciplinary unit that revolved around bishops. Visigothic councils, in keeping with general canon rules, ensured that unity of beliefs was monitored from the episcopal see, which would not have given rise to any noticeable conflicts. Likewise, councils were to also guarantee monasteries' proprietary independence, which was acknowledged by canon law. However, there were bishops who were not ready to accept such state of affairs, and Hispanic councils in the seventh century repeatedly played a role in making sure that such privilege was not violated.
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La vie quotidienne des moines en Orient et en Occident (iv e-x e siècle)
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This collaboration aims to assess the " historicity " of the New Testament texts, those that have traditionally been viewed as presenting a " wrapper " more reliable environment. This task can not be undertaken without a prior insight... more
This collaboration aims to assess the " historicity " of the New Testament texts, those that have traditionally been viewed as presenting a " wrapper " more reliable environment. This task can not be undertaken without a prior insight into the differences that its various texts present, without explaining the different environments in which each tradition was forged, nor the intention of the various genres which was resorted. The work of Luke, consisting in the sum of the third synoptic gospel and the so called Acts of the Apostles, shows the more clearly diachronic perception, from the birth of Jesus to the establishment of christianism in Rome, and accounts for nearly one third of the New Testament text, much more if we consider that for their understanding is necessary to check with the other Synoptic Gospels and the Pauline Letters. The perspective of this study is that of the historian, not of the exegesis, Luke's work is analyzed as if it were a text from the Hellenistic tradition. A text which has to answer, therefore, to an understandable literary canons for his hypothetical readers, a text wrote in the years of maximum brilliance of the Roma Empire, probably to the end of the first century, in a vague cultural and geographical context but which has to take into account the Palestinians problems after de Jewish war of 67-70 and the background of the religious struggle and theological creativity that, necessary, had to characterize a new religion, still in a formation process, building up and perfecting his definitive signs of identity. In this sense we have to assess the personality of the author and his level of commitment to the religious group which aims to present a semblance; of course, it is necessary to reveal the aim of the text, mediated by the genre and his audience. We must insert the particular information that Luke-Acts provides in a background and, when it was possible, corroborate his information checking with other contemporary sources. From this process we will be able to conclude if the information offered is reliable or not, if it that level of precision is impossible we will at least be able to declare if it is believable or, for the contrary, is artificial. Resumen: La presente colaboración pretende valorar la 'historicidad' de los textos del Nuevo Testamento, de aquellos que tradicionalmente se ha considerado que presentan una 'envoltura' ambiental más fidedigna. Tal tarea no puede llevarse a cabo sin un previo discernimiento de las diferencias que sus distintos
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Resumen: El peregrino, olvidado a veces cuando valoramos la religiosidad del cristianismo tardoantiguo, debe ocupar un lugar central en cualquier reconstrucción de historia social o religiosa sobre ese periodo; sin su presencia el culto... more
Resumen: El peregrino, olvidado a veces cuando valoramos la religiosidad del cristianismo tardoantiguo, debe ocupar un lugar central en cualquier reconstrucción de historia social o religiosa sobre ese periodo; sin su presencia el culto de los santos y de las reliquias pierde su factor dinámico. El peregrino no es sólo un sujeto del culto, un factor del drama en la representación pública de lo religioso, sino que se convierte en elemento central de un esquema económico de redistribución de bienes y en pieza importante del equilibrio social y la articulación ideológica de la sociedad.
Abstract: The pilgrim, sometimes forgotten when we come to value the religiosity of Christianism in Late Antiquity, must occupy a central part in any reconstruction of the social or religious history of that period. Without his presence, the cult of saints and relics loses its dynamic factor. The pilgrim is not only a subject of the cult, a part of the drama in the public performance of the religious fact, but he also becomes the central element of an economical scheme of redistribution of wealth and also an important part of both the social equilibrium and the ideological articulation of the society.
Abstract: The pilgrim, sometimes forgotten when we come to value the religiosity of Christianism in Late Antiquity, must occupy a central part in any reconstruction of the social or religious history of that period. Without his presence, the cult of saints and relics loses its dynamic factor. The pilgrim is not only a subject of the cult, a part of the drama in the public performance of the religious fact, but he also becomes the central element of an economical scheme of redistribution of wealth and also an important part of both the social equilibrium and the ideological articulation of the society.
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SUMMARY The present work aspires to explain in what way the monastic institutionalization was the vehicle that made possible the definitive, and late, Christinaization of the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. The monasticism was, in essence, a... more
SUMMARY The present work aspires to explain in what way the monastic institutionalization was the vehicle that made possible the definitive, and late, Christinaization of the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. The monasticism was, in essence, a mechanism of organization capable of integrating the traditional peasant way of life with the Christian values. The peasant communities found in the monastic practices the best Christian adaptation with the level of development of their social and economic structures.
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Population and space organization: the Pyrenean Tarraconensis in the sixth century The donation and will of Vicente of Asán, dating from AD 551 and 576 respectively, are two basic documents concerning the property structure in the... more
Population and space organization: the Pyrenean Tarraconensis in the sixth century The donation and will of Vicente of Asán, dating from AD 551 and 576 respectively, are two basic documents concerning the property structure in the Visigothic period. These documents have been subjected to specialised research for nearly a century; however, the exact location of the toponyms contained in them –a fundamental point for a full understanding of the structure of Vicente's properties– remains an unsolved question. This paper tackles this problem, combining archaeological field work with the historical review of the document, as well as the study of mediaeval documentation in order to trace the survival of sixth century toponyms in the subsequent period. We can now identify with certainty approximately 50% of minor toponyms, which makes possible a historical analysis of how Vicente of Asán's patrimony was organised. His centre of interest is clearly located in the Pyrenean area of Huesca, in the La Fueva and Boltaña valleys (the ancient terrae terrantonensis and boletana of the document). Later the patrimony also included land along the Esera and Cinca valleys, reaching even the Ebro valley, with properties in the territories of Barbotum, Labitolosa, Ilerda and Caesaraugusta. From this we can infer a complementary economy between the lands on the valleys of the main rivers and the mountain areas, which allowed diversification of production and better exploitation of resources. Cattle raising was an important activity, and there was short-distance seasonal transhumance. Furthermore, the reconstruction of microtoponymy allows us, first, to define with some detail the borders of the urban territories mentioned by the texts, and second, to detect that the lines of inner mediaeval colonisation followed those documented for the Visigothic period.
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Resumen El presente trabajo debe entenderse como una 'reflexión' a partir de una imagen regresada a mi cabeza en días pasados en forma de 'recuerdo': un debate en televisión, hace unos 25 años, en el cual unos historiadores confrontaban... more
Resumen El presente trabajo debe entenderse como una 'reflexión' a partir de una imagen regresada a mi cabeza en días pasados en forma de 'recuerdo': un debate en televisión, hace unos 25 años, en el cual unos historiadores confrontaban sus estudios de un capítulo de la Segunda República española con los recuerdos de un protagonista de aquel episodio. Sirve la anécdota de ese recuerdo para valorar el lugar de la Memoria y el de la Historia en la reconstrucción del pasado. No pasa de ser una invitación a reflexionar sobre un tema tan omnipresente como el del tiempo, y sobre la preservación del pasado en cuanto experiencia subjetiva o en tanto explicación del proceso histórico.
Summary This paper should be understood as a 'reflection' from one image that came back to my mind in recent days in the form of a 'remembrance': A debate on television, some 25 years ago, in which some historians confronted their studies on a chapter of the Second Spanish Republic with the memories of a protagonist of that episode. It serves the story of that keepsake is useful to assess the place of Memory and History in the reconstruction of the past. It is nothing more than an invitation to reflect both on an issue as ubiquitous as time and on preserving the past to the extent of a subjective experience or explanation of the historical process.
Summary This paper should be understood as a 'reflection' from one image that came back to my mind in recent days in the form of a 'remembrance': A debate on television, some 25 years ago, in which some historians confronted their studies on a chapter of the Second Spanish Republic with the memories of a protagonist of that episode. It serves the story of that keepsake is useful to assess the place of Memory and History in the reconstruction of the past. It is nothing more than an invitation to reflect both on an issue as ubiquitous as time and on preserving the past to the extent of a subjective experience or explanation of the historical process.
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RESUMEN: El grupo de investigación ATAEMHIS (Antigüedad Tardía y Alta Edad Media en Hispania) recono-cido por la Universidad de Salamanca a finales del año 2007, está concebido como un grupo integral de investiga-ción sobre la Antigüedad... more
RESUMEN: El grupo de investigación ATAEMHIS (Antigüedad Tardía y Alta Edad Media en Hispania) recono-cido por la Universidad de Salamanca a finales del año 2007, está concebido como un grupo integral de investiga-ción sobre la Antigüedad Tardía. Conformado por profesores procedentes de las áreas de conocimiento de historia antigua, historia medieval, filología latina y arqueología de la propia Universidad de Salamanca, el grupo se concibe no tanto como un grupo articulado en torno a un proyecto singular de investigación, sino como foro de debate de los problemas formales y metodológicos que el estudio de la Antigüedad Tardía presenta.
ABSTRACT: The research team ATAHEMIS (Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages in Hispania), recognised by the University of Salamanca at the end of 2007, is conceived as an integral team for research on Late Antiquity. The team is constituted by lecturers from the study areas of Ancient History, Medieval History, Latin Philology and Archaeology from the University of Salamanca, and it regards itself not so much as a team coordinated around a singular research project, but as a forum of discussion about the formal and methodological problems presented by the study of Late Antiquity.
ABSTRACT: The research team ATAHEMIS (Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages in Hispania), recognised by the University of Salamanca at the end of 2007, is conceived as an integral team for research on Late Antiquity. The team is constituted by lecturers from the study areas of Ancient History, Medieval History, Latin Philology and Archaeology from the University of Salamanca, and it regards itself not so much as a team coordinated around a singular research project, but as a forum of discussion about the formal and methodological problems presented by the study of Late Antiquity.
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In 1974 a compilation of articles by A. Barbero and M. Vigil was published. This publication gave rise, amidst the historiographic barren panorama of the Iberian Peninsula, an alive, productive and long debate on Northern peninsular... more
In 1974 a compilation of articles by A. Barbero and M. Vigil was published. This publication gave rise, amidst the historiographic barren panorama of the Iberian Peninsula, an alive, productive and long debate on Northern peninsular societies in Antiquity. This debate, forty years later, still arouses interest among historians, and it has been lately enriched with new perspectives on Romanisation and Late Antiquity in the Northern areas, much better known today from the archeological perspective, which, in turn, has allowed a re-reading of the sources.