Korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksi
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89 dan yuqori ball 80 dan 89 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball 70 dan 79 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball 60 dan 69 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball 50 dan 59 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball 40 dan 49 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball | 30 dan 39 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball 20 dan 29 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball 10 dan 19 gacha oraliqdagi yoki shu sonlarga teng ball 10 dan past ball Maʼlumotlar mavjud emas |
Korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksi (CPI) „mutaxassislar baholashlari va fikr soʻrovlari asosida aniqlangan davlat sektoridagi[1] korrupsiya darajasi boʻyicha“ mamlakatlar reytingini belgilovchi indeksdir[2]. CPI odatda korrupsiyani „shaxsiy manfaatlar uchun ishonib topshirilgan vakolatni suiisteʼmol qilish“ deb taʼriflaydi[3]. Indeks 1995-yildan beri Transparency International nohukumat tashkiloti tomonidan har yili chop etiladi[4].
2022-yil yanvar oyida chop etilgan 2021-yilgi CPI 2020-yil 1-maydan 2021-yil 30-aprelgacha boʻlgan vaqt oraligʻidagi vaziyat asosida 180 ta davlatga „100 (juda toza) dan 0 (oʻta korrupsiyalashgan) shkalasi boʻyicha“ oʻrin berib chiqqan[5]. Daniya, Yangi Zelandiya, Finlandiya, Singapur hamda Shvetsiya dunyodagi eng kam korrupsiyaga uchragan davlatlar sifatida qabul qilinadi va xalqaro moliyaviy shaffoflik reytingida doimiy ravishda yuqori oʻrinlarda turadi, eng yuqori korrupsiyaga uchragan davlatlar esa Suriya, Somali (ikkalasi 13 ball) va Janubiy Sudandir (11 ball)[6].
Yoʻnalishlari
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Transparency International Passau universiteti Johann Graf Lambsdorffga CPIni ishlab chiqarishni topshirdi[7]. 2012-yilgi CPI 12 ta turli institutlarning 16 ta soʻrovlari va baholashlarini oʻz ichiga oladi[8]. 13 ta soʻrovlar/baholar ishbilarmonlar fikri soʻrovi yoki bir guruh tahlilchilarning baholashlari boʻyicha olib borilgan[3]. Dastlabki CPIlar jamoatchilik fikrini oʻrganishdan foydalanib belgilangan[9]. Muassasalar[10]:
- Afrika taraqqiyot banki (Kot-d’Ivuarda joylashgan)
- Bertelsmann jamgʻarmasi (Germaniyada joylashgan)
- Economist Intelligence Unit (Buyuk Britaniyada joylashgan)
- Freedom House (AQShda joylashgan)
- Global Insight (dunyoda asoslangan)
- Xalqaro menejmentni rivojlantirish instituti (Shveysariyada joylashgan)
- Siyosiy va iqtisodiy tavakkalchilik boʻyicha maslahat xizmati (Gonkongda joylashgan)
- PRS Group, Inc., (AQShda joylashgan)
- Jahon iqtisodiy forumi
- Jahon banki
- Jahon adolat loyihasi (AQShda joylashgan)
CPIda qatnashish uchun mamlakatlar kamida uchta manba tomonidan baholanishi kerak[9]. CPI korrupsiyaning mutlaq darajasini oʻlchash qiyinligi sababli korrupsiyani qabul qilish haqidagi fikrlarga tayanib uni ishlab chiqadi[11].
Yaroqlilik
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]2002-yilda chop etilgan tadqiqot korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksi va korrupsiyaning boshqa ikkita ishonchli vakili: qora bozor faoliyati va tartibga solishning yuqoriligi oʻrtasida „juda kuchli muhim korrelyatsiya“ borligini aniqladi.
Har uchala koʻrsatkich ham aholi jon boshiga real yalpi ichki mahsulot (RYaIM/Ah) bilan juda muhim korrelyatsiyaga ega edi; Korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksining RYaIM/Ah bilan bogʻliqligi eng kuchlisi edi[12]. (Eʼtibor bering, ushbu shkala boʻyicha pastroq reyting koʻproq korrupsiyani aks ettiradi, shuning uchun RYaIM yuqori boʻlgan mamlakatlarda korrupsiya kamroq boʻlgan).
Global taraqqiyot markazidan Alex Cobham 2013-yilda korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksini nashr etuvchi Transparency International tashkilotining „koʻplab xodimlari va boʻlimlari“ indeks bilan bogʻliq xavotirlarga „ichki norozilik“ bildirishini maʼlum qildi. Indeksning asl yaratuvchisi Johann Graf Lambsdorff 2009-yilda indeks ustida ishlashdan voz kechib: „1995-yilda men korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksini ixtiro qildim va oʻshandan beri uni tuzib kelmoqdaman, bu esa TIni xalqaro eʼtibor markaziga qoʻygan. 2009-yil avgust oyida men TI boshqaruvchi direktori Cobus de Swardtga korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksini oʻtkazishga endi tayyor emasligim haqida xabar berdim“, — deydi[13].
Iqtisodiy oqibatlari
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]2007- va 2008-yillarda chop etilgan ilmiy maqolalar CPI tomonidan belgilangan korrupsiyani idrok etishning iqtisodiy oqibatlarini oʻrganib chiqdi. Tadqiqotchilar yuqori CPI va yuqori uzoq muddatli iqtisodiy oʻsish oʻrtasidagi bogʻliqlikni[14], shuningdek, mamlakatning CPI ballidagi har bir birlik oʻsishi uchun YaIM darajasining 1,7 % ga oʻsishi kerakligini aniqladilar[15]. Bundan tashqari, yuqori CPI ballini mamlakatdagi xorijiy investitsiyalarning yuqori sur’atlari bilan bogʻlaydigan hokimiyat qonuniga bogʻliqligi ham koʻrsatilgan.
Reytinglar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Izoh:
Ballar | Kamroq korrupsiyalashgan deb qabul qilinadi | Koʻproq korrupsiyalashgan deb qabul qilinadi | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
99-90 | 89-80 | 79-70 | 69-60 | 59-50 | 49-40 | 39-30 | 29-20 | 19-10 | 9-0 |
2012—2021-yillar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksi jadvali[16]:
# | Mamlakat yoki mintaqa | 2021 | 2020[17] | 2019[18] | 2018[19] | 2017[20] | 2016[21] | 2015[22] | 2014[23] | 2013[24] | 2012[25] | ||||||||||
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128 | ![]() |
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144 | ![]() |
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124 | ![]() |
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140 | ![]() |
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128 | ![]() |
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124 | ![]() |
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110 | ![]() |
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136 | ![]() |
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128 | ![]() |
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140 | ![]() |
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128 | ![]() |
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128 | ![]() |
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136 | ![]() |
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140 | ![]() |
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128 | ![]() |
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136 | ![]() |
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128 | ![]() |
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124 | ![]() |
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140 | ![]() |
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144 | ![]() |
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144 | ![]() |
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147 | ![]() |
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147 | ![]() |
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147 | ![]() |
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150 | ![]() |
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150 | ![]() |
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150 | ![]() |
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150 | ![]() |
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154 | ![]() |
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154 | ![]() |
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154 | ![]() |
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▬ | 27 |
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157 | ![]() |
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157 | ![]() |
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157 | ![]() |
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157 | ![]() |
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161 | ![]() |
22 |
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21 |
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24 |
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18 |
▬ | 18 |
▬ | 18 |
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20 |
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25 | |
162 | ![]() |
21 |
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19 |
▬ | 19 |
▬ | 19 |
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21 |
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20 |
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23 |
▬ | 23 |
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22 |
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26 | |
162 | ![]() |
21 |
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19 |
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18 |
![]() |
28 |
![]() |
27 |
![]() |
16 |
![]() |
17 |
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19 |
▬ | 19 |
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25 | |
164 | ![]() |
20 |
![]() |
21 |
![]() |
25 |
![]() |
27 |
▬ | 27 |
![]() |
24 |
![]() |
26 |
▬ | 26 |
![]() |
28 |
▬ | 28 | |
164 | ![]() |
20 |
![]() |
18 |
▬ | 18 |
![]() |
20 |
![]() |
22 |
![]() |
20 |
![]() |
17 |
![]() |
19 |
▬ | 19 |
▬ | 19 | |
164 | ![]() |
20 |
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22 |
▬ | 22 |
![]() |
25 |
![]() |
26 |
▬ | 26 |
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27 |
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28 |
▬ | 28 |
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29 | |
164 | ![]() |
20 |
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16 |
▬ | 16 |
▬ | 16 |
▬ | 16 |
![]() |
14 |
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12 |
![]() |
11 |
▬ | 11 |
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13 | |
164 | ![]() |
20 |
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21 |
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20 |
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19 |
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20 |
▬ | 20 |
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22 |
▬ | 22 |
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19 |
▬ | 19 | |
165 | ![]() |
19 |
▬ | 19 |
▬ | 19 |
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17 |
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22 |
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20 |
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21 |
![]() |
20 |
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21 |
![]() |
19 | |
162 | ![]() |
21 |
![]() |
18 |
▬ | 18 |
![]() |
19 |
![]() |
21 |
▬ | 21 |
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22 |
▬ | 22 |
▬ | 22 |
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21 | |
169 | ![]() |
19 |
▬ | 19 |
▬ | 19 |
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20 |
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19 |
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22 |
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18 |
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17 |
▬ | 17 |
▬ | 17 | |
172 | ![]() |
17 |
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16 |
▬ | 16 |
▬ | 16 |
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17 |
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▬ | ▬ | ▬ | 19 |
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20 | ||||
172 | ![]() |
17 |
▬ | 17 |
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18 |
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17 |
▬ | 17 |
![]() |
14 |
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16 |
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18 |
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15 |
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21 | |
174 | ![]() |
16 |
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19 |
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16 |
▬ | 16 |
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15 |
▬ | 15 |
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11 |
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12 |
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8 |
▬ | 8 | |
174 | ![]() |
16 |
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18 |
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17 |
![]() |
14 |
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17 |
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8 |
▬ | 8 |
▬ | 8 |
▬ | 8 |
▬ | 8 | |
174 | ![]() |
16 |
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15 |
▬ | 15 |
![]() |
14 |
![]() |
16 |
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14 |
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18 |
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19 |
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18 |
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23 | |
177 | ![]() |
14 |
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15 |
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16 |
![]() |
18 |
▬ | 18 |
![]() |
17 |
▬ | 17 |
![]() |
19 |
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20 |
![]() |
19 | |
178 | ![]() |
13 |
![]() |
12 |
![]() |
9 |
![]() |
10 |
![]() |
9 |
![]() |
10 |
![]() |
8 |
▬ | 8 |
▬ | 8 |
▬ | 8 | |
178 | ![]() |
13 |
![]() |
14 |
![]() |
13 |
▬ | 13 |
![]() |
14 |
![]() |
13 |
![]() |
18 |
![]() |
20 |
![]() |
17 |
![]() |
26 | |
180 | ![]() |
11 |
![]() |
12 |
▬ | 12 |
![]() |
13 |
![]() |
12 |
![]() |
11 |
![]() |
15 |
▬ | 15 |
![]() |
14 |
▬ |
2011-yil
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Korrupsiya darajasi eng past deb topilgan 20 ta eng yaxshi mamlakat yoki mintaqalar (10 dan 1 gacha boʻlgan shkala):
# | Mamlakat | Hisob | # | Mamlakat/mintaqa | Hisob |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
9.5 | 11 | ![]() |
8.5 |
2 | ![]() |
9.4 | 12 | ![]() |
8.4 |
![]() |
13 | ![]() |
8.3 | ||
4 | ![]() |
9.3 | 14 | ![]() |
8.0 |
5 | ![]() |
9.2 | ![]() | ||
6 | ![]() |
9.0 | 16 | ![]() |
7.8 |
7 | ![]() |
8.9 | ![]() | ||
8 | ![]() |
8.8 | ![]() | ||
![]() |
19 | ![]() |
7.5 | ||
10 | ![]() |
8.7 | ![]() | ||
Manba: |
Korrupsiya darajasi eng yuqori deb topilgan 20 ta eng yomon mamlakatlar:
# | Mamlakat | Hisob | # | Mamlakat | Hisob |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
182 | ![]() |
1.0 | 172 | ![]() |
1.9 |
![]() |
![]() | ||||
180 | ![]() |
1.5 | 168 | ![]() |
2.0 |
![]() |
![]() | ||||
177 | ![]() |
1.6 | ![]() | ||
![]() |
![]() | ||||
![]() |
164 | ![]() |
2.1 | ||
175 | ![]() |
1.8 | ![]() | ||
![]() |
![]() | ||||
172 | ![]() |
1.9 | ![]() | ||
Manba: |
2010-yil
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Korrupsiya darajasi eng past deb topilgan 20 ta eng yaxshi mamlakat yoki mintaqalar (10 dan 1 gacha boʻlgan shkala):
# | Mamlakat | Hisob | # | Mamlakat/mintaqa | Hisob |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
9.3 | 11 | ![]() |
8.5 |
![]() |
![]() | ||||
![]() |
13 | ![]() |
8.4 | ||
4 | ![]() |
9.2 | 14 | ![]() |
8.0 |
![]() |
15 | ![]() |
7.9 | ||
6 | ![]() |
8.9 | ![]() | ||
7 | ![]() |
8.8 | 17 | ![]() |
7.8 |
8 | ![]() |
8.7 | ![]() | ||
![]() |
19 | ![]() |
7.7 | ||
10 | ![]() |
8.6 | 20 | ![]() |
7.6 |
Manba: |
Korrupsiya darajasi eng yuqori deb topilgan 20 ta eng yomon mamlakat:
# | Mamlakat | Hisob | # | Mamlakat | Hisob |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
178 | ![]() |
1.1 | 168 | ![]() |
1.9 |
176 | ![]() |
1.4 | 164 | ![]() |
2.0 |
![]() |
![]() | ||||
175 | ![]() |
1.5 | ![]() | ||
172 | ![]() |
1.6 | ![]() | ||
![]() |
159 | ![]() |
2.1 | ||
![]() |
![]() | ||||
171 | ![]() |
1.7 | ![]() | ||
170 | ![]() |
1.8 | ![]() | ||
168 | ![]() |
1.9 | ![]() | ||
Manba: |
Baholar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Indeks oʻtmishda uslubiy jihatdan tanqid qilingan[26], yaʼni uning metodologiyasi soʻroq ostida qolgan.
Siyosatshunos Den Houghning fikricha, indeksdagi uchta kamchilikka quyidagilar kiradi[27]:
- Korrupsiya juda murakkab tushuncha boʻlib, uni bitta ball bilan tushunish mumkin emas. Masalan, Kanzas qishloqlaridagi korrupsiya tabiati Nyu-York shahar maʼmuriyatidagidan farq qiladi, ammo indeks ularni bir xil oʻlchaydi.
- Korrupsiyaning oʻzidan farqli oʻlaroq, korrupsiya haqidagi tasavvurlarni oʻlchash orqali indeks mavjud stereotiplarni kuchaytirishi mumkin.
- Indeks faqat xususiy sektorni hisobga olmasdan, davlat sektoridagi korrupsiyani oʻlchaydi. Bu esa Libor janjali yoki VW emissiya janjali kabi korrupsion harakatlar hisoblanmasligini anglatadi.
Ommaviy axborot vositalari koʻpincha raqamlar nimani anglatishini aniqlamay turib, hukumat faoliyatining mezoni sifatida xom raqamlardan foydalanadilar. Bangladeshdagi mahalliy Transparency International boʻlimi metodologiyaning oʻzgarishi mamlakat ballarining oshishiga olib kelganidan keyin indeks natijalarini rad etdi; OAV buni „yaxshilanish“ deb xabar qildi[28].
2013-yilda Foreign Policy jurnalida chop etilgan maqolada Alex Cobham Transparency International manfaati uchun CPIni olib tashlashni taklif qilgan. Uning taʼkidlashicha, CPI kuchli va notoʻgʻri elitaning korrupsiya haqidagi ommabop qarashlarini oʻz ichiga oladi, bu yovuz siklga hissa qoʻshishi va shu bilan birga nomaqbul siyosat javoblarini ragʻbatlantirishi mumkin. Cobhem shunday deb yozadi: „indeks idroklarni shu darajada buzadiki, natijada buning asosini koʻrish qiyinlashadi“[29].
Korrupsiya darajasi boʻyicha tabiiy eksperimentlarning mavjudligidan foydalangan va CPIni boshqa subyektiv koʻrsatkichlar bilan taqqoslagan soʻnggi ekonometrik tahlillar shuni koʻrsatdiki, CPI mukammal boʻlmasa-da, korrupsiyaning bir oʻlchovli shkalasiga mos keladi[30].
Qoʻshma Shtatlarda koʻplab advokatlar turli davlatlarda xorijiy korrupsiya amaliyoti qonunining buzilishi xavfini oʻlchashga urinayotgan xalqaro biznes yurituvchilarga CPI bilan maslahatlashishni maslahat berishadi. Ushbu amaliyot Minnesota Journal of International Law tomonidan tanqid qilindi, u CPI idrok etishda notoʻgʻri munosabatda boʻlishi mumkinligi sababli, advokatlar tomonidan haqiqiy milliy korrupsiya xavfining oʻlchovi sifatida koʻrilmasligi kerakligini yozgan[31].
Transparency International, shuningdek, qudratli elitaning jiddiy tarafkashligi uchun tanqid ostiga olingan ekspert xulosalari oʻrniga toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri soʻrovlar yordamida mamlakatlarni korrupsiya darajasi boʻyicha tartiblovchi „Global korrupsiya barometri“ni nashr etadi[29]
Transparency International xalqaro miqyosda CPI balli toza boʻlgan mamlakat hali ham korrupsiya bilan bogʻliq boʻlishi mumkinligi haqida ogohlantirdi. Masalan, Shvetsiya 2015-yilda CPI boʻyicha 3-eng yaxshi ballga ega boʻlgan boʻlsa, uning davlat kompaniyalaridan biri TeliaSonera Oʻzbekistonda poraxoʻrlik ayblovlariga duch kelgan[32].
Yana qarang
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ „Corruption Perception Index“. transparency.org. Qaraldi: 28-yanvar 2020-yil.
- ↑ Transparency International. „Corruption Perceptions Index“. Transparency International. Transparency International (2011). 2011-yil 13-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 1-dekabr 2011-yil.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 2
- ↑ „1995 - CPI“ (inglizcha). Transparency.org. Qaraldi: 7-iyul 2022-yil.
- ↑ „Corruption Perceptions Index 2021“. Transparency International.
- ↑ „CPI 2021“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 25-yanvar 2022-yil.
- ↑ „Frequently Asked Questions: TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI 2005)“. 2020-yil 6-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 22-noyabr 2005-yil.
- ↑ CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 1
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 7
- ↑ Transparency International (2010). Corruption Perceptions Index 2010: Sources of information (Report). Transparency International. Archived from the original on 3-dekabr 2010-yil. https://web.archive.org/web/20101203043501/http://www.transparency.org/content/download/55815/891318/CPI2010_sources_EN.pdf. Qaraldi: 24-avgust 2011-yil.
- ↑ Transparency International. „Frequently asked questions (FAQs)“. Corruption Perceptions Index 2010. Transparency International (2010). 2011-yil 2-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 24-avgust 2011-yil.
- ↑ Wilhelm, Paul G. (2002). „International Validation of the Corruption Perceptions Index: Implications for Business Ethics and Entrepreneurship Education“. Journal of Business Ethics. 35-jild, № 3. Springer Netherlands. 177–189-bet. doi:10.1023/A:1013882225402.
- ↑ Cobham. „Corrupting Perceptions: Why Transparency International's Flagship Corruption Index Falls Short“. www.cgdev.org (23-iyul 2013-yil).
- ↑ Shao, J.; Ivanov, P. C.; Podobnik, B.; Stanley, H. E. (2007). „Quantitative relations between corruption and economic factors“. The European Physical Journal B. 56-jild, № 2. 157-bet. arXiv:0705.0161. Bibcode:2007EPJB...56..157S. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2007-00098-2.
- ↑ Podobnik, B.; Shao, J.; Njavro, D.; Ivanov, P. C.; Stanley, H. E. (2008). „Influence of corruption on economic growth rate and foreign investment“. The European Physical Journal B. 63-jild, № 4. 547-bet. arXiv:0710.1995. Bibcode:2008EPJB...63..547P. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2008-00210-2.
- ↑ „Corruption Perceptions Index (latest)“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 25-yanvar 2022-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2020“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 28-yanvar 2021-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2019“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 24-yanvar 2020-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2018“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 29-yanvar 2017-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2017“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 29-yanvar 2017-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2016“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 29-yanvar 2017-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2015“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 28-yanvar 2016-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2014“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 16-dekabr 2014-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2013“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 16-dekabr 2014-yil.
- ↑ „CPI 2012“. Transparency International. Qaraldi: 16-dekabr 2014-yil.
- ↑ „Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index: Whose Perceptions Are They Anyway?“ (2005). 2020-yil 19-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
- ↑ Hough, Dan. „Here's this year's (flawed) Corruption Perception Index. Those flaws are useful.“ (inglizcha). The Washington Post (27-yanvar 2016-yil). Qaraldi: 27-yanvar 2016-yil.
- ↑ Werve, Jonathan. „TI's Index: Local Chapter Not Having It“. Global Integrity (23-sentabr 2008-yil). 14-may 2013-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 Cobham, Alex (22-iyul 2013-yil). „Corrupting Perceptions“. Foreign Policy. 2014-12-04da asl nusxadan arxivlandi. Qaraldi: 2022-11-04.
{{cite magazine}}
: CS1 maint: date format () - ↑ Hamilton. „Can We Measure the Power of the Grabbing Hand? A Comparative Analysis of Different Indicators of Corruption“. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series (2017).
- ↑ Campbell, Stuart Vincent. „Perception is Not Reality: The FCPA, Brazil, and the Mismeasurement of Corruption“ 22 Minnesota Journal of International Law 1, p. 247 (2013).
- ↑ CPI index 2015 (Wayback Machine saytida 2019-11-13 sanasida arxivlangan). Accessed 3 February 2016.
Havolalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]![]() |
Vikiomborda Korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksi haqida turkum mavjud |
- Rasmiy sayt
- Korruptsiyani idrok etish indeksi 2021[sayt ishlamaydi]
- Korrupsiyani idrok etish indeksining interaktiv dunyo xaritasi: 2000—2008 (Wayback Machine saytida 2010-04-12 sanasida arxivlangan)
- Korrupsiyani oʻlchash boʻyicha foydalanuvchi qoʻllanmasi CPI va shunga oʻxshash indekslarni tanqid qiladi
- Global yaxlitlik indeksi
- Global rivojlanish indekslari va reytinglari roʻyxati