| TRADITIONAL METHODS
|
ILL EFFECTS AND DANGERS
|
SUBSTITUTE METHODS
FOUND |
|
Etching copper
plates:
nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, Dutch mordant, ferric chloride.
Etching zinc
plates:
nitric, ferric chloride.
|
Nitrogen dioxide
poisoning damage to eyes, lungs, nasal membranes., skin damage.
See above
|
Electrolytic
processes:
for all metal plates -
galv-etch and galv-on
'Bordeaux
etch' non-electrolytic substitute for etching zinc plates.
|
Hard
and soft ground:
Smoked turpentine based wax and asphaltum grounds; turpentine based
wax and grease. |
Irritation
of mucous membranes, Nausea, headaches, toxic or carcinogenic fumes
when heated, depression of central nervous system. |
Insulating
ink ground:
relief printing ink applied by soft roller - after drying as hard
ground - before drying as soft ground. |
Aquatint:
powdered pine rosin; powdered asphaltum |
Rosin
dust allergy, toxic rosin fumes, carcinogenic asphaltum fumes.
|
Fractint
- grounding with relief printing ink, produced in press. |
Stopping
out:
methanol (methylated spirit) based varnish. |
Headaches,
skin and eye irritation. |
Ethanol
(alcohol) based varnish: shellac flakes dissolved in rubbing alcohol.
|
Cleaning
of varnish or ground:
methanol turpentine, naptha (white spirit, turps substitute). |
See
above for methanol. Irritation of mucous membranes, depression of
central nervous system, skin damage; suspected kidney damage. |
Ethanol:
ethyl alcohol for cleaning varnish, ink ground or fractint.
Vegetable Cleaning
Agent (VCA) for ink .
|
Cleaning
inked plates or tools:
turpentine, naptha (white spirit) |
See
above for turpentine and naptha |
Vegetable
Cleaning Agent (VCA) or vegetable
coooking oil - followed by household detergent. Ethanol for
dried ink. Acetone for hardened ink. |
