PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: exploration
Arab geographer
Muḥammad al-Idrīsī, Arab geographer and adviser to Roger II, the Norman king of Sicily. He wrote one of the greatest works of medieval geography, Kitāb nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-āfāq (“The Pleasure...
Portuguese explorer
Pedro Álvares Cabral, Portuguese navigator who is generally credited as the first European to reach Brazil (April 22, 1500). (The Spanish explorer Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, who had been on Christopher Columbus’s...
Portuguese explorer
Pêro da Covilhã, early Portuguese explorer of Africa, who established relations between Portugal and Ethiopia. As a boy, Pêro served the duke of Medina-Sidonia in Sevilla (Seville) for six or seven years,...
French naval officer
Francis Garnier, French naval officer, colonial administrator, and explorer. Garnier, the son of an army officer, overcame parental opposition to enter the naval school at Brest in 1856. Upon completion...
- agriculture
- alchemy
- anatomy
- anthropology
- archaeology
- astronaut
- astronomy
- bacteriology
- biology
- botany
- cartography
- chemistry
- crystallography
- cytology
- ecology
- embryology
- entomology
- epidemiology
- exploration
- genetics
- geography
- geology
- horticulture
- immunology
- linguistics
- mathematics
- mechanics
- medicine
- meteorology
- mineralogy
- natural history
- neurology
- Nobel Prize - Chemistry
- Nobel Prize - Medicine
- Nobel Prize - Physics
- nursing
- oceanography
- optics
- ornithology
- paleontology
- petrology
- pharmacology
- physical anthropology
- physics
- physiology
- psychiatry
- psychoanalysis
- psychology
- seismology
- thermodynamics
- Turing Award
- virology
- zoology