Şırnak (Kurdish: Şirnex) is a city in Şırnak District and the capital of Şırnak Province in Turkey.[2] The Ibrahim Khalil border crossing with Iraq is one of the main links of Turkey to Kurdistan Region in Iraq.
The city is mainly populated by Kurds of the Şirnexî tribe and had a population of 75,932 in 2023.[1][3]
Neighborhoods
Şırnak is divided into the twelve neighborhoods of Aşağıhan, Atatürk, Aydınlar, Bahçelievler, Boğaz, Cadırlı, Çavuşhan, Hatipler, Nasırhan, Şafak, Yayla and Yeni.[2]
Modern history
Kurdish-Turkish conflict
1992 Turkish military operation
On 18 August 1992, fighting broke out between Turkish forces and Kurdish separatists of the PKK. 20,000 out of 25,000 residents fled the city during the three days of fighting.
While the town was under bombardment, there was no way to get an account of what was happening in the region as journalists were prevented from entering the city centre, which was completely burned down by the Turkish Army. Şırnak was under fire for three days and tanks and cannons were used to hit buildings occupied by civilians.[4]
2016 Turkish military operation
On 13 March 2016 military operations by Turkish forces began against PKK. The military curfew imposed on the Kurdish city was lifted after 246 days. Neighbourhoods like Gazipaşa, Yeşilyurt, İsmetpaşa, Dicle, Cumhuriyet and Bahçelievler were completely destroyed in the war.[5]
Politics
In local elections of 2019, candidate Mehmet Yarka of the AKP party won with 61.72% of the vote.[6]
Population
Population history from 1965 to 2023:[7][1]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1965 | 4,936 | — |
| 1980 | 10,997 | +122.8% |
| 1990 | 25,059 | +127.9% |
| 2000 | 52,743 | +110.5% |
| 2010 | 54,263 | +2.9% |
| 2023 | 75,932 | +39.9% |
Climate
Şırnak has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), with chilly, snowy winters and very hot, dry summers. Humidity is always low throughout the year due to its inland location. February and March are the wettest months, July and August are the driest, with virtually no precipitation at all.
| Climate data for Şırnak (1991–2020, extremes 1970–2022) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
34.1 (93.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
40.4 (104.7) |
40.3 (104.5) |
38.6 (101.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
40.4 (104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.7 (62.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.0 (93.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.4 (47.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.7 (35.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.5 (5.9) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
0.8 (33.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 107.3 (4.22) |
103.8 (4.09) |
125.8 (4.95) |
115.1 (4.53) |
52.6 (2.07) |
5.3 (0.21) |
6.1 (0.24) |
0.7 (0.03) |
13.2 (0.52) |
54.6 (2.15) |
82.5 (3.25) |
101.2 (3.98) |
768.2 (30.24) |
| Average precipitation days | 9.04 | 9.11 | 10.52 | 10.44 | 6.74 | 1.70 | 0.78 | 0.48 | 1.07 | 5.81 | 7.63 | 10.22 | 73.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 96.1 | 121.5 | 170.5 | 219.0 | 263.5 | 318.0 | 347.2 | 350.3 | 306.0 | 223.2 | 153.0 | 99.2 | 2,667.5 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 3.1 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 7.3 |
| Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service[8] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ a b c "Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters". TÜİK. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Baz, Ibrahim (2016). Şırnak aşiretleri ve kültürü (in Turkish). p. 114. ISBN 9786058849631.
- ^ Hedges, Chris (30 March 1992). "KURDS IN TURKEY SEEM TO BE NEARING FULL-SCALE REVOLT". New York Times. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "246 Days After Curfew and Siege: Sirnak in Photos - KurdishQuestion.com". Archived from the original on 17 November 2016.
- ^ "Türkiye". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ "Genel Nüfus Sayımları" (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
