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Dr Alfonso Quiñónez Molina


27th President of El Salvador
In office 1 March 1923 – 1 March 1927
Vice President	Pío Romero Bosque
Preceded by	Jorge Meléndez
Succeeded by	Pío Romero Bosque
In office 21 December 1918 – 1 March 1919
Preceded by	Carlos Meléndez Ramirez
Succeeded by	Jorge Meléndez
In office 29 August 1914 – 1 March 1915
Preceded by	Carlos Meléndez Ramirez
Succeeded by	Carlos Meléndez Ramirez

Personal details
Born	11 January 1874 Suchitoto, El Salvador
Died	22 May 1950 (aged 76) San Salvador, El Salvador
Political party	National Democratic Party
Profession	Physician Politician

Alfonso Quiñónez Molina (January 11, 1874 – May 22, 1950) was the President of El Salvador from 21 December 1918 to 28 February 1919 and from 1 March 1923 to 28 February 1927.^[1]

He served as the Vice President to Carlos Meléndez and Jorge Meléndez from March 1915 to March 1923.

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Early life

Alfonso was born into the family of Lucio Quiñónez and Aurelia Molina. He was married to Leonor Meléndez Ramírez, a sister of Presidents Carlos and Jorge Meléndez.^[2]

Political career

The Meléndez-Quiñónez dynasty effectively ruled the country from 1914 to 1927. Quiñónez was one of the founders of the Democratic Party of El Salvador. His policies largely served the interests of the coffee oligarchy of the country.^{[citation needed]}

In 1918, Quiñónez established the Lega Rojas, or the Red league, which intended to work as a mediator between the oligarchy and the peasants. It was deemed as the first attempt to form an official party in the country.^[3] However, the far-reaching oligarchic control of the prevented the organization from achieving its goal. Later it supported the candidacy of President Jorge Melendez.^{[citation needed]}

After becoming president in 1923, Quiñónez ruled El Salvador like a ruthless dictator, harassing and suppressing any form of opposition.^{[citation needed]}

It was common among Salvadoran presidents to declare an heir during the final days of their terms, as the constitution barred immediate re-election.^{[citation needed]}

Quiñónez handed the presidency to Vice-President Romero. He thought that as Romero did not spring from a rich family, he would be a puppet of Quiñónez. However, Quiñónez's plan backfired, and he, along with other members of the dynasty organized a coup against the new president. However, the coup, which took place in December 1927, ultimately failed.^[4]

Quiñónez's decision to borrow money from other countries to pave the roads of San Salvador sparked a controversy in the country thatwas exploited by subsequent rulers like Maximiliano Hernández Martinez.^[3]

References

^ "Presidencia de El Salvador". Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
^ "Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, presidente de el Salvador".
^ ^a ^b "Quiñones Molina, Alfonso (1873–1950) | Encyclopedia.com".
^ "Biografia de Alfonso Quiñones Molina".

Political offices
Preceded by Carlos Meléndez (provisional)	President of El Salvador 1914–1915 (provisional)	Succeeded by Carlos Meléndez
Preceded by Carlos Meléndez	President of El Salvador 1918–1919	Succeeded by Jorge Meléndez
Preceded by Jorge Meléndez	President of El Salvador 1923–1927	Succeeded by Pío Romero Bosque

v t e Heads of state of El Salvador
Post-independence (1821–1823)	Barriere Delgado Filísola Codallos Consultive Junta^‡ Prado^†
Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)	J. Rodríguez Prado J. V. Villacorta Prado Cornejo J. D. Villacorta Cornejo Morazán^† J. San Martín Prado J. San Martín C. Salazar^† G. Salazar^† Escolán^† Silva Espinoza F. Gómez Vigil T. Menéndez Vigil T. Menéndez Cañas^† Morazán Silva^† Cañas^† Ramírez^† Lindo^†
Republic of El Salvador (1841–1931)	Lindo^† Arce^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán D. Villacorta^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán C. Molina^† Arce^† C. Molina^† Arce^† Palacios^† Malespín Palacios^† J. E. Guzmán Palacios^† Aguilar Palacios^† Aguilar Medina^† Quirós^† Vasconcelos R. Rodríguez^† Vasconcelos Dueñas^† Quirós^† Dueñas J. M. San Martín^† Dueñas V. Gómez^† J. M. San Martín Dueñas^† Campo Dueñas^† Campo Zepeda^† Santín Barrios^† Santín J. E. Guzmán^† Peralta^† Barrios Dueñas González Méndez^† González del Valle Zaldívar Guirola^† Zaldívar Figueroa^† Rosales^† F. Menéndez C. Ezeta A. Ezeta^† Gutiérrez Regalado Escalón Figueroa M. Araujo C. Meléndez^† Quiñónez^† C. Meléndez Quiñónez^† J. Meléndez Quiñónez P. Romero A. Araujo
Military presidents (1931–1979)	Civic Directory^‡ Hernández Martínez^† A. Menéndez^† Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez^† Aguirre^† Castaneda Revolutionary Council of Government^‡ Osorio Lemus Junta of Government^‡ Civic-Military Directory^‡ Cordón^† Rivera F. Sánchez A. Molina C. Romero
Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)	Revolutionary Government Junta^‡ Magaña Duarte Cristiani
Post-Civil War (since 1992)	Cristiani Calderón Flores Saca Funes S. Sánchez Bukele C. Rodríguez^†
^† – Acting or provisional president ^‡ – Military junta

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Alfonso Quiñónez Molina

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Transcription

Early life

Political career

References