Aranama (Araname), also known as Tamique, is an extinct unclassified language of Texas, USA. It was spoken by the Aranama and Tamique peoples at the Franciscan mission of Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. It is only known from a two-word phrase from a non-native speaker: himiána tsáyi 'give me water!'.[1] Variations on the name are Taranames, Jaranames ~ Xaranames ~ Charinames, Chaimamé, Hanáma ~ Hanáme.[2]
Known words
In 1884, Albert Gatschet recorded one word and a two-word phrase from "Old Simon," a Tonkawa man who also served as an informant for the Karankawa language, of which a short vocabulary was recorded. According to Old Simon, the words were from a language that he referred to as "Hanáma" (or "Háname"):[3]: 193
- himiyána ‘water’
- Himiána tsýi! ‘Give me water!’
Lexical comparison
Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024):[4]
language give me water Aranama tsaʹyi himiyaʹna Coahuilteco[5] -a·xa wan Solano[6] sieh apam Tonkawa[7] k-e·ke-w ʔa·x W. Atakapa[8] hiʹ-mic ka(u)ʹkau Karankawa[9] baHúšb[a] klej Cotoname[6] aʹx̣ Comecrudo[6] ayemaʹ 'give' aʹx̣
See also
Notes
- ^ H stands for the unclear and putative value of <h> in French and Spanish sources.
References
- ^ Swanton, John Reed (1940). "Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico". Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 127: 1–145. hdl:10088/15429.
- ^ Craig H. Roell, "NUESTRA SENORA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO DE ZUNIGA MISSION," Handbook of Texas Online [1], accessed July 12, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- ^ Mithun, Marianne (2017). "Language Isolates". In Campbell, Lyle (ed.). Language Isolates of North America. Routledge Language Family Series. London: Routledge. pp. 193–228. doi:10.4324/9781315750026. ISBN 9781315750026.
- ^ Zamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648. doi:10.1515/9783110712742-061. ISBN 978-3-11-071274-2.
- ^ Troike, Rudolph C. 1996. "Sketch of Coahuilteco, a language isolate of Texas". In Ives Goddard (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 17: Languages, 644–665. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ a b c Swanton, John R. 1940. Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 127). Washington: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Hoijer, Harry; Thomas R. Wier (editor). 2018. Tonkawa texts: a new linguistic edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
- ^ Gatschet, Albert S. & John R. Swanton. 1932. Dictionary of the Atakapa language accompanied by text material. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 108). Washington: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Grant, Anthony P. 1994. Karankawa linguistic materials. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 19(2). 1–56.
tribes
peoples of Texas
(Several are in
Oklahoma today)
- Adai≠
- Anxau≠
- Apache (Lipan Apache°, Querecho >< )
- Aranama≠
- Atakapa≠ (Akokna, Akokisa, Bidai, Deadose)
- Caddo* (Eyeish, Hasinai, Hainai, Kadohadacho, Nabedache, Nabiti, Nacogdoche, Nacono, Nadaco, Nanatsoho, Lower Nasoni, Neche, Nechaui)
- Cherokee, Texas°*
- Coahuiltecan≠ (Ervipiame, Pajalat, Payaya, Sijame, Xarames)
- Comanche*
- Decose≠
- Emet≠
- Jumanos≠
- Karankawa≠ (Copano≠)
- Kohani≠
- Mayeye≠
- Pachal≠
- Pacoa≠
- Paguame≠
- Pampopa≠
- Papanac≠
- Pastia≠
- Pasxa≠
- Patiri≠
- Pulacuam≠
- Sana≠
- Saracuam≠
- Semonam≠
- Tamique≠
- Teyas°
- Tilijae
- Tomoacas
- Tonkawa*
- Wichita and Affiliated Tribes* (Kichai, Taovaya, Tawakoni, Waco, Wichita proper)
- Yojuane≠
