Alternative name | Ard es Saoude, Terres Noires |
---|---|
Location | Wadi et Taim, between Rashaya and Marjayoun, Lebanon |
History | |
Periods | Heavy Neolithic, Neolithic, Acheulean |
Cultures | Qaraoun culture |
Site notes | |
Excavation dates | 1957 |
Archaeologists | M. Billeaux, Henri Fleisch, Maurice Tallon, Jacques Cauvin, Frank Skeels, L. Skeels, M. Le Cavalier, Lorraine Copeland. |
Public access | Unknown |
Ard Saouda or Ard es Saoude (Terres Noires) is a Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture that is located in the Wadi al-Taym, between Rashaya and Marjayoun in Lebanon. It is south of the branch road to Qaraoun and Kaukaba at cote 990, on the surface of fields covered in large blocks of basalt, made from an ancient lava.[1][2]
The Neolithic site was located by M. Billeaux in 1957 left of the road, just before the junction. A further Acheulean site was found downhill to the southwest by Henri Fleisch. The site was extended by further discoveries by M. Le Cavalier and F. and L. Skeels at Jeb Farah. The area is notable for draining mountain waters into the most northerly feeders of the Jordan River.[2]
The Acheulean material was published by Fleisch in 1966 with the Neolithic remains studied by Jacques Cauvin. Over three hundred Acheulean bifaces were collected along with various waste, used cores and rough-outs. It was mostly in brown, shiny flint, some with a grey film. The pieces were heavily patinated, sometimes with a number of different patinas. This allowed Fleisch to divide the tools into four groups, Early Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, Middle/Late Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic with Levallois technique being used on cores in later periods. The Heavy Neolithic and Neolithic material was mostly in a creamy chert and consisted of adzes, chisels, oval axes with retouch all over, racloirs, cores and discs. Lorraine Copeland made a collection of similar materials in 1966 and noted the problems assigning material to specific periods. It seemed apparent that the Neolithic flint knappers had re-used older Acheulean tools and that the site had been a factory throughout numerous periods in a long and ancient history.[2]
References
- ^ Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 436–442.
- ^ a b c L. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966). Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 23. Impr. Catholique. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- Aadloun
- Aaiha
- Aammiq
- Aaqbe
- Ain Aata
- Ain Choaab
- Ain Harcha
- Akbiyeh
- Akkar plain foothills
- Al-Bireh
- Amioun
- Amlaq Qatih
- Anjar, Lebanon
- Antelias cave
- Apheca
- Ard Saouda
- Ard Tlaili
- Arqa
- Augusti Pagus
- Baalbek
- Baidar ech Chamout
- Batroumine
- Batroun
- Bechamoun
- Beirut
- Beit Mery
- Belat temple
- Berytus (Roman Beirut)
- Bustan Birke
- Byblos
- Canalizations of Zenobia
- Dahr El Ahmar
- Dakoue
- Deir El Aachayer
- Deir Al-Ahmar
- Deir Mar Maroun
- Dekwaneh
- Douris (Baalbek)
- Elaea (Lebanon)
- Flaoui
- Fadous Sud
- Hebbariye
- Hadeth south
- Haret ech Cheikh
- Hashbai
- Heliopolis in Phoenicia
- Hermel plains
- Iaat
- Jabal es Saaïdé
- Jbaa
- Jdeideh
- Jebel Aabeby
- Jeita Grotto
- Joub Jannine
- Jieh
- Kafr Zabad
- Kamid el-Loz
- Kamouh el Hermel
- Karak Nuh
- Kaukaba
- Kefraya
- Kafr Tebnit
- Kfar Qouq
- Kfarhata
- Khallet Michte
- Kharayeb
- Khirbet El-Knese
- Kouachra megalith field
- Ksar Akil
- Labweh
- Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)
- Libbaya
- Lion Tower
- Majdal Anjar
- Mansourieh
- Maronite mummies
- Mayrouba
- Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir)
- Moukhtara
- Mtaileb
- Nabi Zair
- Nachcharini
- Nahle, Lebanon
- Neba'a Faour
- Nebi Safa
- Hosn Niha
- Phoenician port of Beirut
- Plain of Zgharta
- Qaa
- Qal'at Bustra
- Qalaat Tannour
- Qaraoun
- Qasr el Banat
- Ras Baalbek I
- Ras Beirut
- Ras El Kelb
- Rashaya
- Roman Forum of Berytus
- Roman hippodrome of Berytus
- Roman temple of Bziza
- Sands of Beirut
- Saraain El Faouqa
- Shheem
- Sidon
- Sin el Fil
- Sarepta
- Stone of the Pregnant Woman
- Tahun ben Aissa
- Taire
- Tayibe
- Tell Aalaq
- Tell Ablah
- Tell Addus
- Tell Ahle
- Tell Ain Cerif
- Tell Ain el Meten
- Tell Ain Ghessali
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- Tell Ain Saouda
- Tell Ain Sofar
- Tell Ayoub
- Tell Bar Elias
- Tell Beshara
- Tell Bir Dakoue
- Tell Deir
- Tell Delhamieh
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- Tell el-Burak
- Tell El Ghassil
- Tell El Hadeth
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- Tell Hoch Rafqa
- Tell Karmita
- Tell Khardane
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- Tell Masoud
- Tell Mekhada
- Tell Meouchi
- Tell Mureibit
- Tell Murtafa
- Tell Nahariyah
- Tell Neba'a Chaate
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- Tell Rasm El Hadeth
- Tell Rayak
- Tell Saatiya
- Tell Safiyeh
- Tell Saoudhi
- Tell Serhan
- Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
- Tell Shamsine
- Tell Sultan Yakoub
- Tell Taalabaya
- Tell Wardeen
- Tell Zenoub
- Tell Zeitoun
- Temnin el-Foka
- Temple of Bacchus
- Temple of Eshmun
- Temple of Jupiter
- Temple of the Obelisks
- Toron
- Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)
- Tyre Necropolis
- Tyre
- Umm al-Amad
- Wadi Koura
- Wadi Yaroun
- Yammoune
- Yanta
- Ain W Zain
- Zahlé