BBC Russian

Bobasatrania Temporal range: ~Changhsingian–Ladinian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Bobasatrania canadensis fossil

Bobasatrania canadensis restoration
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Bobasatraniiformes
Family:	†Bobasatraniidae
Genus:	†Bobasatrania White, 1932
Type species
†Bobasatrania mahavavica White, 1932
Species
See text
Synonyms
†Haywardia Tanner, 1936 †Lambeichthys Lehman, 1956

Bobasatrania is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Fossils of Bobasatrania were found in beds of Changhsingian (late Permian) to Ladinian (Middle Triassic) age.^[1]^[2] It was most speciose during the Early Triassic.^[3]

The genus was named after the locality Bobasatrana (near Ambilobe) in northeast Madagascar, from where the type species, Bobasatrania mahavavica, was described. The name of this species refers to the Mahavavy River.^[4]

*Bobasatrania groenlandica* slab and counterslab fossils at the Geological Museum in Copenhagen

Taxonomy

The following species are known:^[1]^[2]

†B. antiqua (Accordi, 1955) - Latest Permian of Italy
†B. canadensis (Lambe, 1914) - Early Triassic (Olenekian) of British Columbia
†B. ceresiensis Bürgin, 1992 - Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Switzerland
†B. groenlandica Stensiö, 1932 - Earliest Triassic of Greenland
†B. ladina (Accordi, 1955) - Latest Permian or earliest Triassic of Italy
†B. mahavica White, 1932 - Early Triassic of Madagascar
†B. moroderi (Accordi, 1955) - Latest Permian of Italy (possibly conspecific with B. antiqua)
†B. nathorsti (Stensiö, 1921) - Earliest Triassic of Svalbard
†B. scutata (Gervais, 1852) - Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Germany and France

Remains of indeterminate species are known from the earliest Triassic of both Australia (found via drill core) and the Salt Range of Pakistan, as well as the later Early Triassic of the US states of Nevada and Idaho.^[2]

The remains of a "Platysomus"-style tooth plate known from the latest Carboniferous or earliest Permian of the United States appear to be the earliest record of a Bobasatrania relative.^[2]

Occurrence

Bobasatrania probably originated during the Lopingian (late Permian) epoch, survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event, and underwent a speciation event during the Triassic in the shallow coastal waters off the Pangaean supercontinent. Their fossils are therefore found across the globe (Canada, France, Germany, Greenland, Italy, Madagascar, Spitsbergen, Pakistan, Switzerland, United States).^[2]^[5]^[6] Some of the best examples are known from the Wapiti Lake region of British Columbia, Canada.^[7] The geologically oldest fossils are from the latest Permian Bellerophon Formation of Italy, while the youngest are from the late Ladinian Muschelkalk of Germany and France. Fossils include complete specimens but also isolated, characteristic tooth plates.^[2]

Appearance

They have a distinctive diamond-shaped body, forked tail and long thin pectoral fins. B. ceresiensis was about 25 cm (9.8 in) long,^[8] while other species, such as B. canadensis, grew to about 1.2 m (3.9 ft) in length or larger.^[9]^[10] The structure of their teeth (tooth plates) suggests they fed on shelled animals.

References

^ ^a ^b "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Böttcher, Ronald (2014-11-01). "Phyllodont tooth plates of Bobasatrania scutata (Gervais, 1852) (Actinoperygii, Bobasatraniiformes) from the Middle Triassic (Longobardian) Grenzbonebed of southern Germany and eastern France, with an overview of Triassic and Palaeozoic phyllodont tooth plates". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 274 (2–3): 291–311. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2014/0454. ISSN 0077-7749.
^ Romano, Carlo; Koot, Martha B.; Kogan, Ilja; Brayard, Arnaud; Minikh, Alla V.; Brinkmann, Winand; Bucher, Hugo; Kriwet, Jürgen (February 2016). "Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution". Biological Reviews. 91 (1): 106–147. doi:10.1111/brv.12161. PMID 25431138. S2CID 5332637.
^ White, Errol Ivor (1932). "On a new Triassic Fish from North-East Madagascar". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 10. 10 (55): 80–83. doi:10.1080/00222933208673541.
^ Nielsen, Eigil. (1952). "A preliminary note on Bobasatrania groenlandica" (PDF). Meddelelser Fra Dansk Geologisk Forening. 12 (2): 197–204.
^ Bürgin, Toni (1992). "Basal ray-finned fishes (Osteichthyes; Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Tessin, Switzerland)". Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen. 114: 1–164..
^ "Past lives: Chronicles of Canadian Paleontology - Triassic fishing". Archived from the original on 2009-12-21. Retrieved 2009-11-13. Past Lives: Chronicles of Canadian Paleontology
^ Rieppel, Olivier (2019). Mesozoic Sea Dragons: Triassic Marine Life from the Ancient Tropical Lagoon of Monte San Giorgio. Indiana University Press. p. 116. doi:10.2307/j.ctvd58t86. ISBN 978-0253040114. S2CID 241534158.
^ Russell, Loris S. (1951). "Bobasatrania? canadensis (Lambe), a giant chondrostean fish from the Rocky Mountains". Annual Report of the National Museum of Canada, Bulletin. 123: 218–224.
^ Neuman, Andrew G. (2015). "Fishes from the Lower Triassic portion of the Sulphur Mountain Formation in Alberta, Canada: geological context and taxonomic composition". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 52 (8): 557–568. Bibcode:2015CaJES..52..557N. doi:10.1139/cjes-2014-0165.

Nielsen, Eigil. 1942. Studies on Triasslc Fishes from East Greenland. I. Glaucolepis and Boreosomus. Palaeozoologica Groenlandica. vol. I.
Nielsen, Eigil. 1949. Studies on Triassic Fishes from East Greenland. II. Australosomus and Birgeria. Palaeozoologica Groenlandica. vol. III. 204 Medd, fra Dansk Geol. Forening. København. Bd. 12. [1952].
Stensiö, E. A:EON, 1921. Triassic Fishes from Spitsbergen. Part I. Vienna.
Stensiö, E. 1932. Triassic Fishes from East Greenland. Medd. om Grønland, Bd. 83, Nr. 3.
Stensiö, E. 1947. The sensory Lines and dermal Bones of the Cheek in Fishes and Amphibians. Stockholm, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., ser. 3, Bd. 22, no. 1.
Watson, D . M. S., 1928. On some Points in the Structure of Palaeonlscid and allied Fish. London, Zool. Soc. Proc, pt. 1.

Actinopterygian genera

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclass: Osteichthyes

Gnathostomata

see Gnathostomata
Actinopterygii	see below↓

Actinopterygii

†Austelliscus †Cheirolepis †Cuneognathus †Dialipina? †Kentuckia †Krasnoyarichthys †Ligulalepis? †Limnomis †Meemannia †Moythomasia †Naxilepis? †Orvikuina? †Osorioichthys †Palaeoneiros †Pickeringius †Raynerius †Stegotrachelus †Tegeolepis †Terenolepis?
†Howqualepididae	Donnrosenia Howqualepis
†Mimiidae	Gogosardina Mimipiscis
Post-Devonian taxa	see below↓

Post-Devonian taxa

†Adroichthys
†Aetheretmon
†Agecephalichthys
†Amblypterina
†Ambodipia
†Aneurolepis
†Angatubichthys
†Apateolepis
†Arratiaichthys
†Asarotus
†Australichthys
†Avonichthys
†Beagiascus
†Belichthys
†Bethesdaichthys
†Birgeria
†Bishofia
†Bluefieldius
†Blourugia
†Boreolepis
†Brachydegma
†Brachypareion
†Brazilichthys
†Burguklia
†Carbonilepis
†Caruichthys
†Centrolepis
†Charleuxia
†Chichia
†Coccocephalus
†Concentrilepis
†Cornuboniscus
†Cosmolepis
†Cosmoptychius
†Cretolepis
†Cylindrichthys
†Daqingshaniscus
†Disichthys
†Dmitrevichthys
†Drydenius
†Duwaichthys
†Dwykia
†Elpisopholis
†Ganolepis
†Gardinerichthys
†Gardinerpiscis
†Gondwanichthys
†Grandfieldia
†Guaymayenia
†Guntherichthys
†Gyrolepidoides
†Huanghelepis
†Hyllingea
†Illiniichthys
†Inichthys
†Irajapintoseidon
†Itararichthys
†Kalops
†Kansasiella
†Karaunguria
†Kazanichthys
†Kelliaichthys
†Kenderlichthys
†Khantausia
†Kompasia
†Kutaichthys
†Lambeia
†Lanarkichthys
†Lawrenciella
†Leptogenichthys
†Letovichthys
†Lineagruan
†Luederia
†Mansfieldiscus
†Megapteriscus
†Melanecta
†Mesembrioniscus
†Mesonichthys
†Mesopoma
†Ministrella
†Monesedeiphus
†Muensterichthys
†Myriolepis
†Nematoptychius
†Neuburgella
†Notacmon
†Novogonatodus
†Nozamichthys
†Oxypteriscus
†Pacorichthys
†Palaeobergia
†Paphosiscus
†Paradrydenius
†Paralogoniscus
†Peleichthys
†Piratata
†Phanerorhynchus
†Phanerosteon
†Praolepis
†Protamblyptera
†Pseudohaplolepis
†Psilichthys
†Pteroniscus
†Rastrolepis
†Reticulolepis
†Roslerichthys
†Rubidus
†Samarichthys
†Santosichthys
†Sceletophorus
†Schizolepis
†Senekichthys
†Sinkiangichthys
†Sinoniscus
†Sixtelia
†Sphaerolepis
†Spinofacia
†Strepheoschema
†Sundayichthys
†Tanypterichthys
†Tanyrhinichthys
†Tienshaniscus
†Trachelacanthus
†Trawdenia
†Turgoniscus
†Ufalepis
†Urosthenes
†Usclasichthys?
†Uydenia
†Uydenichthys
†Varialepis
†Wayaobulepis
†Westlepis
†Whiteichthys
†Willomorichthys
†Woodichthys
†Xingshikous
†Yogoniscus
†Yaomoshania
†Zhongweilepis

†Acrolepidae

Acrolepis
Acropholis
Challaia
Kasanilepis
Namaichthys
Plegmolepis
Progyrolepis?
Watsonichthys

†Aeduellidae

Aeduella
Bourbonnella
Decazella
Neslovicella
Platysella
Puertollanichthys
Schafeevus
Spinarichthys
Westollia

†Aesopichthyidae

Aesopichthys
Proceramala

†Amblypteridae

Amblypterus
Daphnaechelus
Korutichthys?
Lawnia
Paramblypterus
Tchekardichthys
Tholonosteon
Tholonotus

†Bobasatraniiformes

Dorypterus
Bobasatraniidae	Bobasatrania Ebenaqua Ecrinesomus?

†Canobiidae

Canobius
Schaefferius

†Discordichthyidae

Discordichthys
Geryonichthys
Mamulichthys
Mutovinia

†Eigiliidae

Eigilia
Strelnia

†Elonichthyidae

Alilepis
Elonichthys
Palaeostrugia?
Meisenheimichthys
Rhabdolepis?

†Eurynotiformes

Mesolepis Paramesolepis Proteurynotus Wardichthys
Amphicentridae	Amphicentrum Cheirodopsis Eurynotus
Styracopteridae	Benedenius Fouldenia Styracopterus